RESUMO

Introduction: The National Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey (NHANES) is being adopted for interpreting spirometry in occupational examinations. Rubber workers have an elevated risk of respiratory health issues due to industrial exposure, and changes in the equations would affect spirometry monitoring programs. Objective: To determine the differences in the use of the Knudson and NHANES III equations in nonsmoking workers in the rubber industry. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 75 nonsmoking workers with occupational exposure to rubber for at least two years. The factory had engineered protection controls and provided respiratory protection to the workers. Spirometry was conducted according to Spirometry Testing in Occupational Health Programs and Standardization of Spirometry: American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. Result: Spirometric prediction differences were present in the restrictive pattern assessment based on forced vital capacity (FVC), in which three individuals (4%) classified as normal according to Knudson presented restrictive disease according to NHANES III; only in the record of one participant was there restrictive disease using both equations. There was an 8% discrepancy for small airway obstruction in which six workers classified as normal using NHANES III were classified as diseased (FEF 25-75 <50%) using the Knudson equation. Conclusion: In the respiratory examination of workers exposed to rubber, the NHANES III equation is better able to detect restrictive diseases than is the Knudson equation; however, the Knudson equation is more sensitive to obstructive patterns.

RESUMO

Resumo Este ensaio destaca o perfil do trabalhador de área rural, portador da Esquistossomose mansônica, doença endêmica adquirida durante suas atividades laborais em áreas alagadas da baixada maranhense. Faz-se uma análise da legislação previdenciária e trabalhista utilizada para fins de concessão de benefícios e do nexo causal que estabelece a relação entre a situação de trabalho e o surgimento da doença. Para tal, utilizamos pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática e pesquisa documental do plano jurídico formal da previdência. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de reconhecer esta relação nas regiões endêmicas, no sentido de aprimorar o proposto na "Lista de Doenças Relacionadas ao Trabalho".

Abstract This study highlights the profile of rural workers with schistosomiasis mansoni, an endemic disease acquired during their work activities in flooded areas in the Baixada Maranhense. In order to analyze the social security and labor legislation used to grant benefits and the causal link that establishes the relationship between the work situation and the onset of the disease, we performed a bibliographical research on the topic and a documentary research on the formal legal plan of social security. This study addresses the need to recognize this relationship in endemic regions in order to improve what is proposed by the List of Work-Related Diseases.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and it is transmitted to humans from various sources, including direct contact with infected animals and the ingestion of contaminated products, including unpasteurized milk. There are only a few epidemiological studies on said disease in humans in Western Santa Catarina, a region instantiated by agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis reported in Western Santa Catarina from 2013 to 2018. The data were provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Board (Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiologica). The frequency of the disease in humans and the epidemiological profile of confirmed human cases were evaluated. Cases that were screened positive and those that were confirmed and submitted to the therapeutic protocol were analyzed. During the study period, 3,671 people were tested, of which 12.34% were screened positive (453/ 3,671) and 3.40% were confirmed (125/3,671). The year with the highest number of people testing positive was 2015 (123 cases), and 2018 was the year with the highest number of confirmed cases (39 cases). Confirmed cases predominated in males (48.8%), self-declared white (22.4%), aged 20-59 years old (60%), with incomplete primary education (22.4%), of rural origin (59.2%), with occupational contact with cattle (64.8%), engaged in professions directly linked to agricultural and livestock activities (55.5%), and who reported consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (59.2%). No seasonal variation was observed in case numbers. The results demonstrated that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Western Santa Catarina.

RESUMO

El presente trabajo se realizó en el marco de las actividades de investigación y extensión del Departamento de Salud Ocupacional de la Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República, por iniciativa de los trabajadores del sindicato único de la construcción y afines. El objetivo fue conocer el perfil de salud y enfermedad de los trabajadores del sector con el propósito de generar acciones que promuevan la salud laboral del colectivo involucrado. La investigación realizada es de carácter descriptivo a partir de fuentes secundarias. De los resultados se destacaron las enfermedades del aparato osteomioarticular, lesiones por traumatismos o envenenamiento y patologías del aparato respiratorio como principales causas de ausentismo de origen médico. La patología osteomioarticular fue la primera causa de incapacidad total y también es la primera causa de incapacidad para la tarea en el periodo estudiado. La tasa de incidencia acumulada de los accidentes en el año 2014 fue de 81,8 por 1.000 trabajadores cotizantes de la construcción, presentando una caída sostenida hasta el 2018 que alcanzó el valor de 60,2 por 1.000 trabajadores cotizantes. El tipo de accidente más frecuente observado en el periodo fueron las lesiones a esfuerzo excesivo. Con respecto a los accidentes mortales existe una caída marcada entre los años 2014 al 2016 con un ascenso progresivo en 2018. De la investigación surge como necesidad mejorar el reconocimiento de la patología profesional en el sector, profundizar las acciones en seguridad y salud con énfasis en aspectos ergonómicos de la carga física(AU)

This study was carried out under the framework of the research and outreach activities of the Department of Occupational Health of the School of Medicine of the University of the Republic, as an initiative of the workers of its single union of construction and related industries. The objective was to describe the health and disease profile of workers in the sector in order to generate actions to promote their occupational health. The study was descriptive and consisted of a secondary analysis of existing data. Musculoskeletal disorders, traumatic injuries, poisonings and respiratory illnesses were the main cause of sickness absence. Musculoskeletal disorders were the main cause of both work-related and total disability. The cumulative incidence rate of injuries in 2014 was 81.8 per 1000 dues-paying construction workers, and subsequently declined until 2018, to an incidence of 62.2 per 1000 dues-paying workers. Overexertion was the most common mechanism of injury. With respect to fatal accidents, there was a arked decline between 2014 and 2016, followed by a progressive increasein 2018. This study underscores the need to improve the recognition of occupational illness and injury in the construction and related industries sector, and to add depth to safety and health interventions, with an emphasis on ergonomic aspects of physical loads(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Degenerative spinal disease is the leading cause of low back pain and sciatica in the general population. It is an important cause of absenteeism and increased expenses. Its incidence increases in people subjected to tasks that overload the spine, such as construction workers. Instrumented arthrodesis is a frequent practice with satisfactory results for its resolution. To date, in our country, we haven't found statistical data on this group of work-related patients. Our objective was to evaluate laboral impact generated by instrumented lumbosacral arthrodesis in construction workers. We did a retrospective, descriptive, comparative and monocentric study. Construction workers' patients with degenerative low back pain and instrumented lumbar or lumbosacral arthrodesis who were operated between January 2005 to August 2018 were included. Clinical and imaging evaluation and follow-up for a period of 18 to 24 months. Assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (IDO) and the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS). The sample was analyzed in groups according to the functions at the time of returning to work, retirement or dismissal. We evaluated 139 patients. Mean age 42 years, degenerative spinal disease of the lumbosacral segment, 66.9% of the sample without postoperative complications resumed the same pre-surgical activity. Post-surgical IDO and VAS scores were worse in patients discharged, retired, and/or requalified. Patients under 42 years of age, without postoperative complications who improved more than 1 Oswestry category, returned to their usual tasks with satisfactory results in the medium and long term.

La enfermedad degenerativa del raquis es la causa más frecuente de lumbalgia y ciática en la población general provocando ausentismo, lo que incrementa el gasto en salud de los distintos subsistemas, así como el gasto del empleador quien deberá suplantar al trabajador. Su incidencia aumenta en personas sometidas a tareas de sobrecarga del raquis, como el caso de obreros de la construcción. La artrodesis instrumentada es una práctica frecuente y con resultados satisfactorios para su resolución. No hemos encontrado publicaciones con datos estadísticos locales sobre este tema. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto laboral que genera la artrodesis lumbosacra instrumentada en trabajadores de la construcción. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, comparativo y monocéntrico, entre enero de 2005 y agosto de 2018, de trabajadores de la construcción con artrodesis del segmento lumbosacro por lumbalgia de origen degenerativo con evaluación y seguimiento clínico e imagenológico por un periodo de 18 a 24 meses, utilizando el Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry (IDO) y la Escala Visual Analógica del Dolor (EVA). Se analizó la muestra en grupos según las funciones al momento del retorno laboral, jubilación o despido. Se evaluaron 139 pacientes (mediana 42 años). El 66.9% de la muestra no tuvo complicaciones postoperatorias y retomó la misma actividad prequirúrgica. Los puntajes de IDO y EVA postquirúrgicos fueron peores en los pacientes despedidos, jubilados y/o recalificados. Los menores de 42 años, sin complicaciones postoperatorias que mejoran más de 1 categoría del Oswestry retomaron sus tareas habituales con resultados satisfactorios a mediano y largo plazo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen La enfermedad degenerativa del raquis es la causa más frecuente de lumbalgia y ciática en la población general provocando ausentismo, lo que incrementa el gasto en salud de los distintos subsistemas, así como el gasto del empleador quien deberá suplantar al trabajador. Su incidencia aumenta en personas sometidas a tareas de sobrecarga del raquis, como el caso de obreros de la construcción. La artrodesis instrumentada es una práctica frecuente y con resultados satisfactorios para su resolución. No hemos encon trado publicaciones con datos estadísticos locales sobre este tema. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto laboral que genera la artrodesis lumbosacra instrumentada en trabajadores de la construcción. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, comparativo y monocéntrico, entre enero de 2005 y agosto de 2018, de trabajadores de la construcción con artrodesis del segmento lumbosacro por lumbalgia de origen degenerativo con evaluación y seguimiento clínico e imagenológico por un periodo de 18 a 24 meses, utilizando el Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry (IDO) y la Escala Visual Analógica del Dolor (EVA). Se analizó la muestra en grupos según las funciones al momento del retorno laboral, jubilación o despido. Se evaluaron 139 pacientes (mediana 42 años). El 66.9% de la muestra no tuvo complicaciones postoperatorias y retomó la misma actividad prequirúrgica. Los puntajes de IDO y EVA postquirúrgicos fueron peores en los pacientes despedidos, jubilados y/o recalificados. Los menores de 42 años, sin complicaciones postoperatorias que mejoran más de 1 categoría del Oswestry retomaron sus tareas habituales con resultados satisfactorios a mediano y largo plazo.

Abstract Degenerative spinal disease is the leading cause of low back pain and sciatica in the general population. It is an important cause of absenteeism and increased expenses. Its incidence increases in people subjected to tasks that overload the spine, such as construction workers. Instrumented arthrodesis is a frequent practice with satisfactory results for its resolution. To date, in our country, we haven´t found statistical data on this group of work-related patients. Our objective was to evaluate laboral impact generated by instrumented lumbosacral arthrodesis in construction workers. We did a retrospective, descriptive, comparative and monocentric study. Construction workers' patients with degenerative low back pain and instrumented lumbar or lumbosacral arthrodesis who were operated between January 2005 to August 2018 were included. Clinical and imaging evaluation and follow-up for a period of 18 to 24 months. Assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (IDO) and the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS). The sample was analyzed in groups according to the functions at the time of returning to work, retirement or dismissal. We evaluated 139 patients. Mean age 42 years, degenerative spinal disease of the lumbosacral segment, 66.9% of the sample without postoperative complications resumed the same pre-surgical activity. Post-surgical IDO and VAS scores were worse in patients discharged, retired, and/or requalified. Patients under 42 years of age, without postoperative complications who improved more than 1 Oswestry category, returned to their usual tasks with satisfactory results in the medium and long term.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: O espaço de operacionalização da profissão de motorista de ônibus é o trânsito, realidade dinâmica, sistemática, porém surpreendente, neste contexto o estresse é a sensação persistente no dia a dia de trabalho dos motoristas de ônibus. Objetivo: Descrever as percepções dos motoristas de ônibus quanto à vivência no trânsito e fatores estressantes no cotidiano da mobilidade urbana para os motoristas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo fenomenológico pautado no pensamento de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, realizado em uma garagem de ônibus, no período de julho a dezembro de 2017. Foram entrevistados vinte e quatro motoristas de ônibus, com mais de dois anos de profissão, e as perguntas abertas possibilitaram a livre expressão dos significados do trânsito para estes trabalhadores. Resultados: O cotidiano foi considerado estressante e responsável por alterações na saúde e no humor dos motoristas entrevistados. As duas categorias que emergiram foram: O trânsito é surpreendente e O equilíbrio emocional no trabalho é imprescindível. Conclusão: A saúde do motorista é a força motriz para o serviço do transporte e as limitações físicas não são diretamente ligadas à execução desta atividade laboral. É de suma importância lembrar que o sujeito rodoviário necessita das condições positivas para mover a cidade diariamente(AU)

Introducción: El espacio de operación de la profesión de conductor de autobús es el tráfico, la realidad dinámica, sistemática, pero sorprendente, en este contexto el estrés es la sensación persistente en el trabajo diario de los conductores de autobuses. Objetivo: Describir las percepciones de los conductores de autobuses con respecto a la experiencia en el tráfico y factores estresantes en la vida diaria de la movilidad urbana para los conductores. Métodos: Estudio fenomenológico descriptivo basado en el pensamiento de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, realizado en un garaje de autobuses, de julio a diciembre de 2017. Veinticuatro conductores de autobuses, con más de dos años de profesión, fueron entrevistados, y las preguntas abiertas permitieron la libre expresión de los significados del tráfico para estos trabajadores. Resultados: La vida diaria se consideró estresante y responsable de los cambios en la salud y el estado de ánimo de los conductores entrevistados. Las dos categorías que surgieron fueron: el tráfico es sorprendente y el equilibrio emocional en el trabajo es indispensable. Conclusiones: La salud del conductor es la fuerza motriz para el servicio de transporte y las limitaciones físicas no están directamente relacionadas con la ejecución de esta actividad de trabajo. Es de suma importancia recordar que el tema de la carretera necesita las condiciones positivas para mover la ciudad diariamente(AU)

Introduction: The working space of the bus driver profession is traffic, the dynamic, systematic, but surprising reality. In this setting, stress is the persistent feeling in the daily work of bus drivers. Objective: To describe the perceptions of bus drivers regarding their experience in traffic as well as stressors in the daily life of urban mobility for drivers. Methods: Descriptive phenomenological study based on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's thinking and carried out in a bus garage, from July to December 2017. Twenty-four bus drivers, with more than two years of experience in the job, were interviewed. Open questions allowed the free expression of the meanings of trafficking for these workers. Results: Daily life was considered stressful and responsible for changes in the health and mood of the drivers interviewed. The two categories that emerged were the facts that traffic is surprising and emotional balance at work is essential. Conclusions: The driver's health is the driving force for the transport service. Physical limitations are not directly related to the practice of this work activity. It is of utmost importance to remember that the matter of the road needs positive conditions to move the city on a daily basis(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: La hipoacusia es una enfermedad ocupacional frecuente y ocasiona deterioro en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a hipoacusia inducida por ruido en trabajadores de una empresa metalmecánica. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se utilizaron datos de historias clínicas ocupacionales para determinar la frecuencia de hipoacusia debido a ruido y sus potenciales factores asociados (edad, sexo, antecedentes personales). Se construyeron modelos de regresión simple y múltiple, estimando razones de prevalencia (RP) utilizando modelos lineales generalizados, familia Poisson y función de enlace log. Resultados: De 1543 trabajadores, la media de edad fue 36,7 años y la mayoría era hombre (93,6%). Solo el 8,2% reportó enfermedad y/o accidente laboral previo a la evaluación ocupacional. El 10,7% presentó hipoacusia debido al ruido. La frecuencia de presentar hipoacusia incrementaba 10% por cada año adicional de edad (RP=1,10, IC95%: 1,09-1,12, p<0,001) y tener el antecedente de enfermedad/accidente laboral incrementaba 75% la frecuencia de presentar hipoacusia (RP=1,75, IC95%: 1,28-2,40, p<0,001). Conclusión: La prevalencia de hipoacusia debido a ruido fue baja, La edad en años y el antecedente de enfermedad/accidente laboral se asociaron de forma positiva a presentar hipoacusia. Se sugiere realizar un seguimiento anual de audiometrías, con especial énfasis en los antecedentes ocupacionales asociados a hipoacusia debido al ruido.

Introduction: Hearing loss is a frequent occupational disease and causes deterioration in the quality of life of workers. The objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with noise-induced hearing loss in workers of a metalworking company. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Data from occupational medical records were used to determine the frequency of hearing loss due to noise and its potential associated factors (age, sex, personal history). Simple and multiple regression models were constructed, estimating prevalence ratios (RP) using generalized linear models, Poisson family and log link function. Results: Of 1543 workers, the average age was 36.7 years and the majority were male (93.6%). Only 8.2% reported illness and/or occupational accident prior to the occupational evaluation. 10.7% had hearing loss due to noise. The frequency of presenting hearing loss increased 10% foreach additional year of age (PR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.09-1.12, p <0.001) and having a history of illness / work accident increased 75% the frequency of presenting hearing loss (RP= 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28-2.40, p <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss due to noise was low. Age in years and the history of illness / accident were positively associated with hearing loss. It is suggested that annual audiometry follow-up be carried out, with special emphasis on the occupational history associated with hearing loss due to noise.

RESUMO

Angioedema vibratório é uma forma rara de urticária induzida, que pode ser de caráter familiar ou adquirido. Este artigo descreve um caso clínico de uma mulher, com 33 anos de idade, fisioterapeuta, que iniciou sinais de edema e dor local após atividades de lazer ainda na adolescência e se intensificou posteriormente durante atividades profissionais. Aspectos fisiopatológicos foram discutidos, assim como avaliação laboratorial e testes de provocação. Objetivamos com este relato, ressaltar uma patologia incomum, mas que pode ter grande impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente, necessitando assim de um olhar minucioso do médico na prática clínica. Entendemos que neste caso o angioedema vibratório é efetivamente uma doença ocupacional. Constatamos que de modo geral para urticárias crônicas induzidas e no particular para angioedema vibratório, a história clínica minuciosa é a melhor forma de se obter o diagnóstico.

Vibratory angioedema is a rare form of induced urticaria, which can have a family or acquired etiology. This article describes a clinical case of a 33-year-old, female physiotherapist presenting with signs of edema and local pain after leisure activities that started in her adolescence and intensified during professional activities. Pathophysiological aspects were discussed, as well as laboratory evaluation and provocation tests. With this report, we aim to discuss an unusual disease that can have a major impact on patient's quality of life, thus requiring a detailed look at the physician's clinical practice. We understand that, in the reported case, vibratory angioedema is effectively an occupational disease. We found that in general for chronic induced urticaria and in particular for vibratory angioedema, a thorough clinical history is the best way to obtain the diagnosis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir la problemática de hombres y mujeres trabajadores que al percibir vulnerado su derecho a la salud en el trabajo por sufrir presuntos o declarados ATEL, buscaron apoyo e interpusieron uno o más recursos constitucionales para lograr su restablecimiento efectivo. Materiales y métodos: estudio mixto. Se aplicó encuesta a 189 trabajadores que sufrieron un presunto o reconocido evento de ATEL y que buscaron apoyo en los servicios de extensión solidaria de la Universidad de Antioquia o en organizaciones de derechos humanos en Medellín. La encuesta captó datos sociodemográficos, de seguridad social, laborales, del SGSST, de los antecedentes, ocurrencia y consecuencias de los ATEL y los recursos interpuestos. Para el abordaje cualitativo se realizó: i) una entrevista en profundidad con un médico laboral y abogado independiente y ii) cuatro grupos focales con trabajadores que sufrieron ATEL, sindicalistas, abogados y médicos representantes de ARL, académicos. Resultados: los trabajadores más vulnerables fueron los más afectados en su derecho. Los agentes que integran el SGRL hacen un abordaje fragmentado de la salud y el trabajo que facilita la vulneración del derecho. Los trabajadores que sufren ATEL deben enfrentar barreras económicas, administrativas y de acceso a salud para restituir su derecho. Conclusiones: el trabajo decente y digno es un horizonte hacia el cual se deben apuntar los esfuerzos para que los trabajadores más vulnerados históricamente conquisten y sostengan una vida plena, digna y saludable. Los recursos como la acción de tutela contribuyen a lograr el cumplimiento del derecho a la salud en el trabajo.

Objective: to describe the problems of working men and women who, when perceiving their right to health at work violated due to alleged or declared workplace accidents or illnesses (ATEL for its acronym in Spanish) sought support and filed one or more constitutional resources to achieve their effective restoration. Materials and methods: Mixed study. A survey was applied to 189 workers who suffered an alleged ATEL event and who sought support in the solidarity extension services at Univesidad de Antioquia or in human rights organizations in the city of Medellin. The survey that captured sociodemographic data, social security data, labor data, the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SGSST for its acronym in Spanish) data of the background, occurrence and consequences of ATELs and legal resources interposed. For the qualitative approach, an in-depth interview was conducted with an occupational physician and an independent lawyer and four focus groups with workers who suffered ATELs, trade unionists, lawyers and doctors representing the Occupational Risk Administrator (ARL for its acronym in Spanish), and academicians. Results: the most vulnerable workers were the most affected in their right. The agents that make up the General System of Occupational Risks (SGRL by its acronym in Spanish) make a fragmented approach to health and work that facilitates the violation of the right. Workers suffering from ATEL must face economic, administrative and access to health barriers to restore their right. Conclusions: Decent and respectable work is a horizon towards which efforts should be aimed so that the most historically vulnerable workers conquer and sustain full, dignified and healthy life. Resources such as guardianship action contribute to the fulfillment of the right to health at work.

Objetivo: descrever a problemática de homens e mulheres trabalhadores que ao perceber vulnerado seu direito à saúde no trabalho por sofrer presuntos ou declarados ATEL, procuraram apoio e interpuseram um ou mais recursos constitucionais para lograr seu restabelecimento efetivo. Materiais e métodos: estudo misto. Aplicou se enquete a 189 trabalhadores que sofreram um presunto ou reconhecido evento de ATEL e que buscaram apoio nos serviços de extensão solidaria da Universidade de Antioquia ou em organizações de diretos humanos em Medellín. A enquete captou dados sócios demográficos, de segurança social, laborais, do SGSST, dos antecedentes, ocorrência e consequências dos ATEL e os recursos interpostos. Para a abordagem qualitativa se realizou: i) uma entrevista em profundidade com um médico laboral e advogado independente e ii) quatro grupos focais com trabalhadores que sofreram ATEL, sindicalistas, advogados e médicos representantes de ARL, acadêmicos. Resultados: os trabalhadores mais vulneráveis foram os mais afetados em seu direito. Os agentes que integram o SGRL fazem uma abordagem fragmentada da saúde e o trabalho que facilita a vulneração do direito. Os trabalhadores que sofrem ATEL devem enfrentar barreiras econômicas, administrativas e de aceso a saúde para restituir seu direito. Conclusões: o trabalho decente e digno é um horizonte para o qual se devem apontar os esforços para que os trabalhadores mais vulnerados historicamente conquistem e sustenham uma vida plena, digna e saudável. Os recursos como a ação de mandato de segurança que contribui a obter o cumprimento do direito à saúde no trabalho.

Assuntos