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This work assessed the psychosocial risks of 124 workers from the plywood industry in Ecuador's Amazon region. Two psychosocial risk assessment (PRA) methods were selected due to their widespread use in Ecuadorian organisations: FPSICO from the Spanish National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the "Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire" (PRAQ) from the Ecuadorian Labour Ministry. Therefore, two surveys of 89 and 58 items were applied to evaluate nine scales and eight risk dimensions for FPSICO and PRAQ, respectively. Results show that according to FPSICO, the main psychosocial risks were detected in the scales of working time (WT), variety and content (VC), and workload (WL), with a prevalence of 34.8 % and 41.7 %. For PRAQ, the margin of action and control (D4), load and work rate (D1), and leadership (D3) were the most affected dimensions, with a risk prevalence between 29.1 % and 43.6 %. Although there is a lower risk prevalence in the rest of the scales and dimensions assessed, improvement actions are needed in the short term. Furthermore, the findings suggest an association between gender and risk prevalence, especially in the dimensions of Leadership (D3), Skills development (D2), and Self-perceived health (D8.8), where being a woman increases the likelihood of suffering from these conditions by up to three times. In addition, a brief comparative analysis was conducted, looking for coincidences in the scales that each PRA instrument assesses and the prevalence of the psychosocial risks detected.

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La determinación del porcentaje de pérdida en pacientes lesionados con múltiples secuelas por riesgos de trabajo resulta un verdadero reto para el perito, esto adquiere mayor relevancia cuando en el fuero judicial se pueden presentar discrepancias en los criterios para el uso o no de fórmulas matemáticas para el cálculo. La fórmula de suma combinada, creada por el Médico Forense Víctor Balthazard, no es más que un ordenamiento de una regla de tres que ordena los porcentajes otorgados a cada secuela de mayor a menor para evitar que el porcentaje final sobrepase el 100%, o bien que resulte en un porcentaje mayor que una secuela única puntuada en el baremo y que por gravedad en la intensidad de la misma resulte con un porcentaje menor al calculado por la secuela múltiple y que se ha utilizado en fueros laborales y de seguridad social alrededor del mundo. El Baremo contenido en el Código de Trabajo no establece explícitamente la forma en que se calcula el porcentaje de pérdida por secuelas múltiples, lo cual brinda libertad al perito para utilizar fórmulas, como lo es la fórmula de suma combinada, que permite calcular de forma congruente las pérdidas sucesivas sin sobrepasar a la persona más allá de su capacidad general total del 100% o de otorgar porcentajes mayores a secuelas de mayor gravedad que la suma de las pérdidas por el evento que se está valorando.

The determination of the percentage of loss in injured patients with multiple sequelae due to occupational hazards is a real challenge for the expert, this becomes even more relevant when in the judicial system there may be discrepancies in the criteria for the use or not of mathematical formulas for the calculation. The combined sum formula, created by the Forensic Physician Victor Balthazard, is nothing more than an arrangement of a rule of three that orders the percentages given to each sequel from highest to lowest to avoid that the final percentage exceeds 100%, or that it results in a higher percentage than a single sequel scored in the scale and that due to the severity in the intensity of the same results in a lower percentage than that calculated for the multiple sequel and that has been used in labor and social security courts around the world. The Schedule contained in the Labor Code does not explicitly establish the way in which the percentage of loss for multiple sequelae is calculated, which gives the expert the freedom to use formulas, such as the combined sum formula, which allows a congruent calculation of the successive losses without exceeding the person's total general capacity of 100% or to grant higher percentages to sequelae of greater severity than the sum of the losses for the event being valued.

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Introducción: Aquellas personas que brindan atención en situaciones de emergencias están expuestas a un alto riesgo de sufrir lesiones o fallecer durante labores de rescate, sea en accidentes de tránsito, desastres naturales, atentados terroristas o crisis humanitarias generadas por conflictos armados. Esta investigación fue realizada en las personas trabajadoras de la Cruz Roja Costarricense (CRC) para establecer la percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación y elaborar un formato único de información odontológica antemortem. Materiales y métodos: Un cuestionario piloto fue diseñado y aplicado a 10 personas para ser calibrado y validado. Posteriormente se generó un cuestionario electrónico final en la plataforma Google Forms que fue enviado vía correo electrónico institucional a las personas trabajadoras constituida por 175 individuos, de los cuales 92 respondieron en el período del 20 de noviembre de 2022 al 20 de enero de 2023. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. Resultados: El cuestionario fue realizado por 92 personas, 75% hombres y 25% mujeres. El rango de edad entre los 36 y 40 años fue el más frecuente (23.9%). El 60,9% labora en la provincia de San José, 58% indica que visitaron al odontólogo hace un año o menos y el 38,6% refiere que nunca les han tomado una radiografía panorámica, un 81,8% dice tener tratamientos dentales como coronas, puentes o implantes; y el 75% considera de gran utilidad los registros dentales como método de identificación, y lo ubican en segundo lugar de conocimiento (89,8%) al compararlo con ADN (97,7%) y dactiloscopia (86,4%). Conclusiones: Las personas trabajadoras de la Cruz Roja Costarricense consideran que los registros odontológicos son útiles en la identificación de seres humanos y cuentan con información antemortem útil para dicho efecto.

Introduction: Those who provide care in emergency situations are exposed to a high risk of injury or death during rescue work, whether in traffic accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or humanitarian crises generated by armed conflicts. This research was carried out among Costa Rican Red Cross (CRC) workers to establish the perception of the usefulness of dental records as a method of identification and to develop a single format for antemortem dental information. Materials and methods: A pilot questionnaire was designed and applied to 10 persons to be calibrated and validated. Subsequently, a final electronic questionnaire was generated in the Google Forms platform and sent via institutional e-mail to 175 workers, of whom 92 responded during the period from November 20, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The results were analyzed by means of frequency distributions, crossing of variables, and comparison of means based on the analysis of variance. The minimum confidence level for comparisons was 95%. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 92 people, 75% men and 25% women. The age range between 36 and 40 years was the most frequent (23.9%). A total of 60.9% worked in the province of San José, 58% indicated that they had visited the dentist a year ago or less and 38.6% said that they had never had a panoramic X-ray taken, 81.8% said they had dental treatments such as crowns, bridges or implants; and 75% considered dental records to be very useful as a method of identification, and placed it in second place in terms of knowledge (89.8%) when compared with DNA (97.7%) and dactyloscopy (86.4%). Conclusions: Costa Rican Red Cross workers consider dental records to be useful in the identification of human beings and have useful antemortem information for this purpose.

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The primary objective of this systematic review was to analyze the main physical agents representing risk factors for commercial aircrew, together with their consequences. The secondary objective was to identify the countries in which studies on the topic were conducted, as well as the quality of the publications available. Thirty-five articles, published between 1996 and 2020, were selected for the review, having met all inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in the United States, Germany, and Finland and had moderate or low methodological quality of evidence. The main risk factors for aircrew identified in publications were exposure to abnormal air pressure, cosmic radiation, noise, and vibrations. Hypobaric pressure was explored in response to demands for studies on this agent, a factor which may lead to otic and ear barotraumas, as well as acceleration of atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. However, there is a dearth of research exploring this phenomenon.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the implications of precarious work for the organization of work and for the health of nursing professionals in a surgical center. Methods: qualitative, descriptive study in which the interview technique was applied on 30 nursing professionals from a surgical center in a university hospital located in the Southeast region of Brazil. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Thematic content analysis was applied in the categorization of speeches. Results: precarious work in the surgical center negatively affects the organization of work due to staff turnover, loss of skilled talent, and the need for continuous training of temporary workers. It also affects the quality of care, leading to risks to patient safety and workers' health.Final Considerations: it is important to make work conditions less precarious in order to minimize staff turnover and promote the quality of the service offered and the health of the worker.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las implicaciones del trabajo precario para la organización laboral y la salud de los profesionales de enfermería en un centro quirúrgico. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, llevado a cabo mediante entrevista con 30 profesionales de enfermería en un centro quirúrgico de un municipio de la región sureste de Brasil. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética e investigación. En la categorización de las declaraciones, se aplicó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la precarización en centros quirúrgicos interfiere negativamente en la organización del trabajo debido a la rotación de personal, la fuga de capital intelectual y la necesidad de capacitación continua de los trabajadores temporarios. Existe una interferencia en la calidad de la atención con riesgos para la seguridad de los pacientes y la salud de los trabajadores. Consideraciones Finales: se ratifica la importancia de apuntalar el trabajo con el intuito de minimizar la rotación laboral y promover la calidad del servicio brindado y la salud del trabajador.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as implicações do trabalho precário para a organização do trabalho e para a saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem em centro cirúrgico. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo no qual se utilizou a técnica de entrevista com 30 profissionais de enfermagem de centro cirúrgico em um hospital universitário situado em um município da região sudeste, Brasil. Projeto aprovado por comitê de ética e pesquisa. Na categorização dos depoimentos aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: a precarização em centro cirúrgico interfere negativamente na organização do trabalho devido a rotatividade de pessoal, a fuga de capital intelectual e a necessidade de treinamento contínuo dos trabalhadores temporários. Há interferência na qualidade da assistência com riscos para a segurança dos pacientes e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Considerações Finais: ratifica-se a relevância da desprecarização do trabalho no intuito de minimizar a rotatividade dos profissionais, promover a qualidade do serviço ofertado e a saúde do trabalhador.

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ABSTRACT The genus Bartonella encompasses 38 validated species of Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that colonize the endothelial cells and erythrocytes of a wide spectrum of mammals. To date, 12 Bartonella species have been recorded infecting humans, causing diseases of long historical characterization, such as cat scratch fever and trench fever, and emerging bartonellosis that mainly affect animal health professionals. For this reason, this study aimed to report a documented case of Bartonella bovis infecting a veterinarian from Mexico by the amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction of the citrate synthase (gltA) and the RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) genes, and to report the natural course of this infection. To our knowledge, this work is the first to report the transmission of B. bovis via needlestick transmission to animal health workers in Latin America.

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Abstract Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic changed the world, causing a global impact on economic, social and public health aspects. This public health situation alerted the international community of anesthesiologists because of the high occupational hazards due to the frequent exposure to patients with COVID-19. Objective: To identify the impact of this pandemic on Latin American anesthesiologists - in a setting with shortage of vaccines - identifying the professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and demises, and their geographical distribution. Methods: An observational study was conducted in Latin American anesthesiologists infected SARS-CoV-2 between March and December 2020. The data was collected from the societies, associations and federations members of the Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies in March 2021. Results: 2,170 anesthesiologists infected with SARS-CoV-2 were identified. Of these, 1,550 were from South America and 620 cases were from Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Among the 2,170 anesthesiologists infected with SARS-CoV-2, 165 deaths were reported in Latin America, with a mean age of 58 years; 79% were males and the mortality rate was 7.6%. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an emerging disease with significant impact on the population of anesthesiologists. The reports from the societies, associations and federations members of the Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies show the impact in terms of infection and number of deaths associated with the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, cambió el mundo generando un impacto global en aspectos económicos, sociales y sanitarios. Esta situación sanitaria generó alerta en la comunidad anestesiológica internacional por el alto riesgo ocupacional, debido a la exposición más frecuente a pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones de esta pandemia en los anestesiólogos en Latinoamérica -en un escenario con escasez de vacunas- identificando los profesionales infectados por SARS-CoV-2 y fallecidos y su distribución geográfica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional en anestesiólogos latinoamericanos infectados por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo y diciembre de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron en las sociedades, asociaciones y federaciones vinculadas a la Confederación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesia en marzo de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 2.170 anestesiólogos infectados por SARS-CoV-2. De estos, 1.550 correspondieron a Suramérica y 620 casos a Centroamérica, México y el Caribe. Entre los 2.170 anestesiólogos infectados por SARS-CoV-2, se informaron 165 muertes en Latinoamérica, con una edad media de 58 años, 79 % de género masculino y con una tasa de letalidad de 7,6 %. Conclusiones: El COVID-19 es una patología emergente, que causa una gran afectación a la población de médicos anestesiólogos. Los reportes de las sociedades, asociaciones y federaciones vinculadas a la Confederación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesia demuestran el impacto en términos de infección y muertes relacionadas con la pandemia.

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BACKGROUND: Although healthcare personnel are considered a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their exposure, research on the factors associated with their infection is limited. The objective was to identify factors associated with the acquisition of COVID-19 in healthcare personnel. METHODS: a multicenter, cross-sectional study with nested cases and controls was carried out in 23 hospitals in Argentina. A structured survey was used to collect demographic, institutional and behavioral variables from healthcare personnel with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 (cases) and healthcare personnel with negative test results (controls). Those variables significantly associated with the condition of having had COVID-19 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2088 workers participated in the study, with an incidence of 1.41 cases per 10 000 worker-hours (95%CI 1.35-1.48). Being male, (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.32-1.95), working in social security, (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.13-2.07), being nursing staff, (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.22-1.74), having personal protective equipment, (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.18-0.62), sharing unprotected common spaces with other workers, (OR 1.98; 95%CI 1. 60-2.44), living with people confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.37-2.09), sharing infusions or other drinks and/or food with people in the community (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.02-1.70), feeling distressed (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.55-2.21) and were independently associated with the risk of acquiring COVID-19. DISCUSSION: This study allowed us to identify different potentially modifiable factors on which action should be taken to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19 by the healthcare personnel.

Introducción: Aunque, el personal sanitario es considerado por su exposición un grupo de alto riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2, la investigación sobre los factores asociados a infección resulta limitada. El objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados a la adquisición de COVID-19 en el personal sanitario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, de corte transversal con casos y controles anidados, en 23 hospitales de Argentina. A través de una encuesta estructurada se recolectaron variables demográficas, institucionales y conductuales del personal sanitario con RT-PCR positiva para SARS-CoV-2 (casos) y del personal sanitario con resultados negativos en el test (controles). Aquellas variables asociadas significativamente con la condición de haber padecido COVID-19 en el análisis bivariado fueron incluidas en un análisis multivariado. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 2088 trabajadores, con una incidencia de 1.41 casos c/10 000 horas-trabajador (IC95% 1.35-1.48). Pertenecer al sexo masculino (OR 1.60; IC95% 1.32-1.95), trabajar en la seguridad social (OR 1.53; IC95% 1.13-2.07), ser personal de enfermería (OR 1.46; IC95% 1.22-1.74), contar con elementos de protección personal (OR 0.33; IC95% 0.18-0.62), compartir con otros trabajadores espacios comunes sin protección (OR 1.98; IC95% 1.60-2.44), convivir con personas confirmadas o sospechadas de COVID-19 (OR 1.69; IC95% 1.37-2.09), compartir infusiones u otras bebidas y/o alimentos con personas de la comunidad (OR 1.31; IC95% 1.02-1.70), sentirse angustiado (OR 1.85; IC95% 1.55-2.21) se asociaron independientemente con el riesgo de adquirir COVID-19. Discusión: Este estudio permitió identificar distintos factores potencialmente modificables, sobre los cuales se debería actuar para reducir el riesgo de COVID-19 en el personal sanitario.

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Resumen Introducción: Aunque, el personal sanitario es considerado por su exposición un grupo de alto riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2, la investigación sobre los factores asociados a infección resulta limitada. El objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados a la adquisición de COVID-19 en el personal sanitario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, de corte transversal con casos y controles anidados, en 23 hospitales de Argentina. A través de una encuesta estructurada se recolectaron variables demográficas, ins titucionales y conductuales del personal sanitario con RT-PCR positiva para SARS-CoV-2 (casos) y del personal sanitario con resultados negativos en el test (controles). Aquellas variables asociadas significativamente con la condición de haber padecido COVID-19 en el análisis bivariado fueron incluidas en un análisis multivariado. Re sultados: Participaron del estudio 2088 trabajadores, con una incidencia de 1.41 casos c/10 000 horas-trabajador (IC95% 1.35-1.48). Pertenecer al sexo masculino (OR 1.60; IC95% 1.32-1.95), trabajar en la seguridad social (OR 1.53; IC95% 1.13-2.07), ser personal de enfermería (OR 1.46; IC95% 1.22-1.74), contar con elementos de protección personal (OR 0.33; IC95% 0.18-0.62), compartir con otros trabajadores espacios comunes sin protección (OR 1.98; IC95% 1.60-2.44), convivir con personas confirmadas o sospechadas de COVID-19 (OR 1.69; IC95% 1.37-2.09), compartir infusiones u otras bebidas y/o alimentos con personas de la comunidad (OR 1.31; IC95% 1.02-1.70), sentirse angustiado (OR 1.85; IC95% 1.55-2.21) se asociaron independientemente con el riesgo de adquirir COVID-19. Discusión: Este estudio permitió identificar distintos factores potencialmente modificables, sobre los cuales se debería actuar para reducir el riesgo de COVID-19 en el personal sanitario.

Abstract Background: Although healthcare personnel are considered a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their exposure, research on the factors associated with their infection is limited. The objec tive was to identify factors associated with the acquisition of COVID-19 in healthcare personnel. Methods: a multicenter, cross-sectional study with nested cases and controls was carried out in 23 hospitals in Argentina. A structured survey was used to collect demographic, institutional and behavioral variables from healthcare personnel with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 (cases) and healthcare personnel with negative test results (controls). Those variables significantly associated with the condition of having had COVID-19 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 2088 workers participated in the study, with an incidence of 1.41 cases per 10 000 worker-hours (95%CI 1.35-1.48). Being male, (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.32-1.95), working in social security, (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.13-2.07), being nursing staff, (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.22- 1.74), having personal protective equipment, (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.18-0.62), sharing unprotected common spaces with other workers, (OR 1.98; 95%CI 1. 60-2.44), living with people confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.37-2.09), sharing infusions or other drinks and/or food with people in the community (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.02-1.70), feeling distressed (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.55-2.21) and were independently associated with the risk of acquiring COVID-19. Discussion: This study allowed us to identify different potentially modifiable fac tors on which action should be taken to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19 by the healthcare personnel.

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COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus that presented an epidemic focus in China in December 2019 and was declared as a pandemic months later. Consequently, the health systems of most countries implemented preventive measures for their population, thus affecting health personnel, which is the first response force. According to the World Health Organization, 37 million health workers fell ill with COVID-19. In this article, we seek to identify strategies for the prevention of contagion of health personnel by COVID-19 that have obtained favorable results and present measures applicable to the Peruvian reality, focused on the personnel that make up the diagnostic process of COVID-19 and the health centers in operation during the health emergency due to COVID-19. It is concluded that temporary confinement in rotating days of health personnel, traffic control bundling, and adequate supply of personal protective equipment were those that have favored the lower incidence of cases of contagion in health personnel in the countries where they were used.