RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown a significant association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), two pathologies affecting millions of people worldwide. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two conditions common to these diseases, also affecting the activity of the serpin Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), but a possible common role for this serpin in T2D and AD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible regulatory networks linking ACT to T2D and AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, Medline, Open-i, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SpringerLink for data indicating or suggesting association among T2D, AD, and ACT. Searched terms like "alpha-1-antichymotrypsin", "type 2 diabetes", "Alzheimer's disease", "oxidative stress", "pro-inflammatory mediators" among others were used. Moreover, common therapeutic strategies between T2D and AD as well as the use of ACT as a therapeutic target for both diseases were included. RESULTS: ACT has been linked with the development and maintenance of T2D and AD and studies suggest their participation through the activation of inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, mechanisms also associated with both diseases. Likewise, evidences indicate that diverse therapeutic approaches are common to both diseases. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory and oxidative stresses constitute a crossroad for T2D and AD, where ACT could play an important role. In-depth research on ACT involvement in these two dysfunctions could generate new therapeutic strategies for T2D and AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Humanos , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
Burkholderia species have different lifestyles establishing mutualist or pathogenic associations with plants and animals. Changes in the ecological behavior of these bacteria may depend on genetic variations in response to niche adaptation. Here, we studied 15 Burkholderia strains isolated from different environments with respect to genetic and phenotypic traits. By Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) these isolates fell into 6 distinct groups. MLSA clusters did not correlate with strain antibiotic sensitivity, but with the bacterial ability to produce antimicrobial compounds and control orchid necrosis. Further, the B. seminalis strain TC3.4.2R3, a mutualistic bacterium, was inoculated into orchid plants and the interaction with the host was evaluated by analyzing the plant response and the bacterial oxidative stress response in planta. TC3.4.2R3 responded to plant colonization by increasing its own growth rate and by differential gene regulation upon oxidative stress caused by the plant, while reducing the plant's membrane lipid peroxidation. The bacterial responses to oxidative stress were recapitulated by bacterial exposure to the herbicide paraquat. We suggest that the ability of Burkholderia species to successfully establish in the rhizosphere correlates with genetic variation, whereas traits associated with antibiotic resistance are more likely to be categorized as strain specific.