RESUMO
The objective of this study was to cytogenetically analyze Phractocephalus hemioliopterus comparing the findings with other data to infer relationships among Pimelodidae species. The results revealed a diploid number of 2n = 56 and the karyotype composed of 16 metacentric, 20 submetacentric, 6 subtelocentric and 14 acrocentric chromosomes (FN = 98). The Ag-NORs, 18S rDNA and CMA3 signals were coincident in location occupying the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome pair (23th), in a secondary constriction. The 5S rDNA genes were localized near the centromere on the short arms of one submetacentric chromosome pair. C-bands were localized predominantly in the terminal regions of chromosomes, including the AgNORs and a small metacentric pair with a conspicuous positive band on interstitial region. This chromosome pair could be considered a species-specific cytogenetic marker.