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Abstract The specialized literature does not report the design and evaluation of intervention alternatives for adolescents and young adults involved in acts of dating violence, a problem that reaches high prevalence rates. This study aimed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a program for young unmarried couples who have experienced violence, using a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and intact groups (experimental and control), in which 12 heterosexual couples of young people participated, all of them between 17 and 26 years-old, linked through a call made by different media in their city of residence, six assigned to the experimental group and six to the control group. The program is developed in 10 sessions, in addition a follow-up, including psychoeducation about dating violence, beliefs and expectations about the relationship, communication skills, empathy, anger management and management of jealousy. The results showed statistically significant decreases at post-treatment level in the experimental group compared with the control group, in attitudes in favor of intimate violence, submissive communication and frequency of abuse, as well as an increase in assertive communication, changes that were maintained a month after the intervention ended. These results support the effectiveness of the program.

Resumen En la literatura especializada no se reporta el diseño ni la evaluación de alternativas de intervención para adolescentes y adultos jóvenes involucrados en actos de violencia en el noviazgo, una problemática que alcanza una alta prevalencia en la actualidad. Por tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo implementar y evaluar la efectividad de un programa para parejas jóvenes no casadas que han vivenciado malos tratos, mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental con prueba-posprueba y grupos intactos -experimental y control-. En total, participaron 12 parejas heterosexuales de adolescentes y jóvenes entre los 17 y 26 años, vinculadas mediante una convocatoria realizada por diferentes medios en su ciudad de residencia, seis asignadas al grupo experimental y seis al grupo control. El programa se desarrolló en 10 sesiones, más una de seguimiento, e incluyó psicoeducación sobre la violencia en el noviazgo, creencias y expectativas sobre la relación de pareja, habilidades de comunicación, empatía, manejo de la ira y manejo de los celos. Los resultados evidenciaron disminuciones estadísticamente significativas a nivel de postratamiento en el grupo experimental -en comparación con el grupo control- en actitudes a favor de la violencia íntima, comunicación sumisa y frecuencia de los malos tratos, así como un incremento en la comunicación asertiva, cambios que se mantuvieron al mes de finalizada la intervención. Estos resultados respaldan la efectividad del programa.

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BACKGROUND: Intervention effects observed in efficacy trials are rarely replicated when the interventions are broadly disseminated, underscoring the need for more information about factors influencing real-life implementation and program impact. Using data from the ongoing national implementation of an evidence-based HIV prevention program [Focus on Youth in The Caribbean (FOYC)] in The Bahamas, this study examines factors influencing teachers' patterns of implementation, the impact of teachers' initial implementation of FOYC, and subsequent delivery of the booster sessions on students' outcomes. METHODS: Data were collected from the 80 government elementary and 34 middle schools between 2011 and 2014, involving 208 grade 6, 75 grade 7, and 58 grade 8 teachers and 4411 students initially in grade 6 and followed for 3 years. Student outcomes include HIV/AIDS knowledge, reproductive health skills, self-efficacy, and intention to use protection. Data from teachers includes implementation and modification of the curriculum, attitudes towards the prevention program, comfort level with the curriculum, and attendance at training workshops. Structural equation modeling and mixed-effect modeling analyses were applied to examine the impact of teachers' implementation. RESULTS: Teachers' attitudes towards and comfort with the intervention curriculum, and attendance at the curriculum training workshop had a direct effect on teachers' patterns of implementation, which had a direct effect on student outcomes. Teachers' attitudes had a direct positive effect on student outcomes. Teachers' training in interactive teaching methods and longer duration as teachers were positively associated with teachers' comfort with the curriculum. High-quality implementation in grade 6 was significantly related to student outcomes in grades 6 and 7 post-implementation. Level of implementation of the booster sessions in grades 7 and 8 were likewise significantly related to subsequent student outcomes in both grades. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality initial implementation of a prevention program is significantly related to better program outcomes. Poor subsequent delivery of booster sessions can undermine the positive effects from the initial implementation while strong subsequent delivery of booster sessions can partially overcome poor initial implementation.

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More information is needed about factors influencing real-life implementation and program impact of interventions effective in controlled study conditions. Ongoing national implementation of an evidence-based HIV prevention program targeting grade 6 students in The Bahamas offers the opportunity to examine patterns of implementation and relate them to student outcomes. Data were collected from 208 grade 6 teachers, 75 grade 7 teachers and 4411 grade 6 students followed over 2 years. Mixed-effects modeling analysis examined the association of teachers' patterns of implementation with student outcomes. High quality program implementation in grade 6 (high implementation dosage and fidelity) was significantly related to student outcomes six and 18 months post-intervention. Quality of implementation of the booster session in grade 7 was also significantly related to student outcomes in grade 7. Quality of delivery of the brief booster session a year after initial implementation is important in maintaining or resetting the student outcome trajectory.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: los resultados a largo plazo de la terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARVC) en África han sido escasamente reportados. OBJETIVO: evaluar la efectividad de la TARVC a través de 2 factores determinantes: la mortalidad y la pérdida del seguimiento. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal, en 1 000 adultos que comenzaron TARVC en el 2004 y fueron seguidos hasta el 2009 en el hospital "Esperança", en Luanda. RESULTADOS: el conteo basal medio de linfocitos T CD4+ fue de 147,1 cél/mm3. El 46 % se presentó con estadio clínico III o IV de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La edad promedio fue 34,6 años. Durante 60 000 meses-personas de seguimiento (media 34 meses), 335 pacientes fallecieron, 153 fueron perdidos en el seguimiento y la retención en el tratamiento a los 5 años fue 51,2 %. La tasa cruda de muerte fue 7,9 por 100 años-persona (95 % IC 5,6-8,3). Se detectó un tiempo medio de supervivencia significativamente menor en las mujeres (39,1 meses vs. 42), en aquellos con un conteo basal de linfocitos T CD4+ menor de 200 cél/mm3 (27,3 meses vs. 32,4), en los clasificados en los estadios avanzados de la OMS (25,6 meses vs. 31,7) y en los que alcanzaban tanto criterios clínicos como inmunológicos para iniciar la terapia (30,4 meses vs. solo con inmunológicos 33,7). CONCLUSIONEs: se observó una buena retención a largo plazo y resultados clínicos. La mortalidad relativamente elevada a los 5 años presenta un desafío importante para lograr mejores resultados de la TARVC y sugiere la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias que promuevan la adherencia al tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION: long-term results of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Africa have been poorly informed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of TARVC through 2 factors: mortality and follow-up loss. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted in 1000 adults who began cART in 2004 and were followed until 2009 at "Esperança" Hospital in Luanda. RESULTS: The CD4 + count mean baseline of T lymphocytes was 147.1 cells/mm3. 46 % presented with clinical stage III or IV according to World Health Organization standards. The average age was 34.6 years. During 60 000 person-months follow-up (mean 34 months), 335 patients died, 153 lost follow up and adherence to treatment after 5 years was 51.2 %. The gross mortality rate was 7.9 (95 % CI 5.6 to 8.3) 100 person-years. A significantly shorter survival mean was detected in women (39.1 months vs. 42), in those with lymphocytes CD4 + count baseline below 200 cells/mm3 (27.3 months vs. 32.4), in those classified in advanced stages according to WHO standards (25.6 months vs. 31.7) and in those reaching both clinical and immunological criteria to start therapy (30.4 months vs. 33.7 immunological only). CONCLUSIONS: A good long-term adherence to treatment and clinical outcomes were observed. The relatively high mortality after 5 years presents a major challenge for better cART results and suggests the need to strengthen strategies to promote treatment adherence.

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