RESUMO
Introdução: A obesidade é doença crônica que tem se tornado preocupação em saúde pública global. A cirurgia bariátrica é opção de tratamento eficaz para a obesidade mórbida, proporcionando a perda de peso e a melhora da qualidade de vida. No entanto, a perda de massa magra pós-operatória é preocupação importante. Objetivo: Estudo retrospectivo sobre o impacto da suplementação proteica com whey protein na perda de massa magra em pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico. Método: Pacientes de 18-60 anos sem complicações foram acompanhados por pelo menos 6 meses e divididos em 2 grupos: um que recebeu suplementação proteica com whey protein (Grupo A, n=19) e outro de controle que não recebeu suplementação (Grupo B, n=13). Os dados demográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados e avaliação dos pacientes sobre qualidade de vida antes e depois da operação. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 38 anos. A perda média de massa magra foi de 34,67 kg. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na perda de massa magra ou total entre os grupos (p=0,121 e p=0,072, respectivamente). A qualidade de vida média antes foi de 3,06 pontos e após a operação de 8,13 pontos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de vida entre os grupos (p=0,018). O grupo que recebeu suplementação apresentou média de adesão às orientações dietéticas de 8,06 pontos, enquanto aquele sem com média de 6,14 pontos (p=0,045). Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a suplementação proteica não teve efeito significativo na perda de massa magra. No entanto, ela melhorou a adesão dos pacientes às orientações dietéticas pós-cirúrgicas e não afetou a qualidade de vida.
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that has become a global public health concern. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for morbid obesity, providing weight loss and improved quality of life. However, postoperative lean mass loss is an important concern. Objective: Retrospective study on the impact of protein supplementation with whey protein on the loss of lean body mass in patients undergoing gastric bypass. Method: Patients aged 18-60 years without complications were followed up for at two years and divided into 2 groups: one received protein supplementation with whey protein (Group A, n=19) and another, control group, that did not receive supplementation (Group B , n=13). Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data were collected and patients' assessment of quality of life before and after the operation. Results: The mean age was 38 years. The average loss of lean mass was 34.67 kg. There was no statistically significant difference in lean or total mass loss between groups (p=0.121 and p=0.072, respectively). The average quality of life before was 3.06 points and after the operation, 8.13 points. There was a statistically significant difference in quality of life between groups (p=0.018). The group that received supplementation had an average adherence to dietary guidelines of 8.06 points, while the one without an average of 6.14 points (p=0.045). Conclusion: The results indicated that protein supplementation had no significant effect on lean mass loss. However, improved patients' adherence to post-surgical dietary guidelines and did not affect quality of life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Suplementos Nutricionais , ObesidadeRESUMO
Whey protein comprises soluble whey proteins and its benefits are well described in the literature. However, there are not many studies investigating the potential adverse effect of a diet with indiscriminate use of this supplement. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of papers that addressed this theme. A search was conducted in Medline, LILACS, TOXNET, Web of science, and Scopus electronic databases. In the end, 11 documents comprised this review. The majority of the papers associated the damaging effect with the chronic and abusive use of whey protein, with the kidneys and liver being the main organs affected. The other studies related whey protein to aggravation of aggression, presence of acne, and modification of the microbiota. Therefore, excessive consumption over a long period of protein supplementation may have some adverse effects on the body, which is aggravated when associated with sedentary lifestyle. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020140466. Novelty: A systematic review of experimental and randomized studies about the use of whey proteins supplements and its impact on physical health. Analysis revealed that chronic and without professional guidance use of whey protein supplementation may cause some adverse effects specially on kidney and liver function. Presented data support a need for future studies co-relating the use of different types of whey protein with and without exercise to better see the impact on human physical health.
Assuntos
Dieta/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Nível de Saúde , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/efeitos adversos , Dieta/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Nefropatias/etiologia , Hepatopatias/etiologia , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/administração & dosagemRESUMO
During overnight sleep, the longest postabsorptive and inactive phase of the day causes protein catabolism and loss. However, the daytime ingestion of dairy proteins has been shown to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and growth. This study compared the effects of pre-sleep supplementation of a protein blend (PB) composed of micellar casein (MCa) and whey protein (1:1) versus isolate MCa on the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, a critical intracellular pathway involved in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. After 10 h of fasting during the active phase, rats were fed with a single dose of PB or MCa (5.6 g protein/kg of body mass) by gavage, and samples of blood and gastrocnemius muscle were collected at 30, 90, and 450 min. PB and MCa supplementations induced an increase (~3-fold, P < 0.001) of plasma BCAAs at 30 and 90 min. Most importantly, the stimulatory phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream target p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) were similarly higher (~2.5-fold, P < 0.001) 30 and 90 min after MCa and PB. Plasma levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and overall BCAAs were correlated with the activation of mTOR (P < 0.001) and p70S6K (P < 0.001). MCa and PB supplementations before the inactive phase of rats resulted in an anabolic milieu in the skeletal muscle by inducing a transient increase in plasma BCAAs and a similar activation of the mTOR/p70S6K axis.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético , Animais , Caseínas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Leucina , Fosforilação , Ratos , Sirolimo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TORRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the aging phenomenon, there is growing interest in developing effective strategies to counteract dynapenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength. The positive effect of progressive resistance training on muscle strength is well known, however, the effect of nutritional supplementation or its synergistic effect along with exercise on muscle strength is not a consensus in the literature, especially in populations with low protein intake. METHODS: We analyzed the muscle strength (handgrip strength and sit-to-stand test), muscle mass, body mass index, insulin resistance, and physical function (gait speed, timed up & go test, and single-leg-stance test) of 69 dynapenic older adults with low protein intake, before and after the intervention period of three months. The participants were randomly allocated into four groups: resistance training, supplementation, resistance training plus supplementation, and control. RESULTS: There was a significant group x time interaction on the following outcome measures: handgrip strength (pâ¯<⯠0.001), gait speed (pâ¯=⯠0.023), and sit-to-stand test (pâ¯<⯠0.001). Considering the outcomes that showed a significant difference between and within groups, only the resistance training group and the resistance training plus supplementation group showed a large effect size in handgrip strength, gait speed, and sit-to-stand test, whereas the supplementation group showed a moderate effect size in gait speed. After the intervention period, there was no difference between the resistance training and the resistance training plus supplementation groups. CONCLUSION: This study reinforces the value of resistance training in improving muscle strength. The nutritional supplementation added no further benefits in this specific population. Registration number at the Brazilian registry of clinical trials: RBR-4HRQJF.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Força Muscular , Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Brasil , Força da Mão , Humanos , Músculo EsqueléticoRESUMO
The study aimed to evaluate nutrient digestibility and intestine gene expression in the progeny from cows supplemented during gestation and fed diets with or without rumen-protected fat (RPF) in the feedlot. Forty-eight Nellore steers, averaging 340 kg, were housed in individual pens and allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (dams nutrition × RPF). Cows' supplementation started after 124 ± 21 days of gestation. The feedlot lasted 135 days and diets had the inclusion of zero or 6% of RPF. Digestibility was evaluated by total feces collection. Steers were slaughtered using the concussion technique and samples of pancreas and small intestine were collected immediately after the slaughter to analyze α-amylase activity, and the expression of SLC5A1, CD36, and CCK and villi morphometry. Feeding RPF increased nutrients digestibility (p < 0.01). There was no effect of maternal nutrition on digestibility and α-amylase activity in steers (p > 0.05). Duodenal expression of SLC5A1, CD36, and CCK increased in the progeny from restricted cows. In conclusion, protein restriction during mid to late gestation of dams has long-term effects on small-intestine length and on expression of membrane transporters genes in the duodenum of the progeny. However, maternal nutrition does not affect digestibility in the feedlot.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Dieta Hiperlipídica/veterinária , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas/veterinária , Dieta/veterinária , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Prenhez , Animais , Bovinos , Digestão/fisiologia , Proteínas de Transporte de Ácido Graxo/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Ácido Graxo/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Intestino Delgado/anatomia & histologia , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Gravidez , Proteínas de Transporte de Sódio-Glucose/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Sódio-Glucose/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/genética , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
This experiment aimed to discover the effect of reducing dietary protein supplemented with lysine, methionine, and threonine on growth performance, volatile fatty acid profile, and intestinal villus height and crypt depth of broilers, as well as the microflora counts isolated from broiler chicken faeces. A total of 288-day-old broilers were allocated to eight treatments with six replicates consisting of 36 birds per treatment. The diets contained dietary protein from 21 to 18% in starter diet and 18 to 16% in finisher diet supplemented with L-lysine, DL-methionine, and L-threonine at the same ratio for all dietary treatments. Body weight and feed intake were determined, and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Blood, intestine, and digesta samples were collected at 21 and 42 days for further analysis. Dietary protein supplemented with amino acids improved growth performance, reduced pathogenic bacteria, and increased beneficial bacteria counts, small intestine villi height and crypt depth, and ileal-digesta volatile fatty acid concentrations of broiler chickens. However, reducing 2% of dietary protein supplemented with lysine, methionine, and threonine showed the best results, especially in growth performance, feed conversion ratio, microflora count, duodenal and jejunal villi height, and ileal-digesta volatile fatty acid concentrations, such as butyric and valeric acids. It is believed that by reducing the level of dietary protein in broiler diet while supplementing with synthetic amino acid may enhance the intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and absorption in broiler chickens and will simultaneously result in better performance.(AU)
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Treonina/efeitos adversos , Proteínas/análise , Lisina/efeitos adversos , Metionina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
In this study, the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of protein supplementation on gastrointestinal nematode control in lambs naturally infected. Sixty weaned Ile de France and Texel crossbred lambs, with 60 days of age, were divided into three groups (n=20) according to the level of protein in the concentrate: low protein (LP; 8.5%), moderate protein (MP; 15%), and high protein (HP; 25%). The daily amount of concentrate offered was based on 3% of live weight, which was continued throughout the experiment of 98 days. Evaluations were conducted biweekly from days 0 (D0) to 98 (D98). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the average weight among the LP, MP and HP groups, which was 22.0, 21.4, and 21.1 kg, respectively, on D0 and 46.4, 48.3, and 48.2 kg, respectively, on D98. The daily weight gain was not significantly different among the groups (LP, 250 g; MP and HP, 276 g; p > 0.05). The average egg count per gram of feces (epg) of the LP group on D98 (6,765; an increase of 5,690 epg from D0) was higher than that of the MP and HP groups (1,617.5, p < 0.05 and 3,435, p > 0.05, respectively), which remained constant throughout the study. The hematocrit values decreased (p < 0.05) from D0 to D98 only in the LP group. Only in the HP group (p < 0.05), the mean serum total protein concentration increased from D0 (5.3 g dL-1) to D98 (5.8 g dL-1)...(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da suplementação de proteínas no controle de nematoides gastrointestinais em cordeiros naturalmente infectados. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros desmamados, com 60 dias de idade, mestiços Ile de France e Texel, divididos em três grupos (n=20) de acordo com o nível de proteína no concentrado: proteína baixa (PB; 8,5%), proteína moderada (PM; 15%) e alta proteína (AP; 25%). A quantidade diária de concentrado oferecida foi baseada em 3% do peso vivo, que se manteve ao longo do período experimental de 98 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas quinzenalmente a partir do dia 0 (D0) ao dia 98 (D98). Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) no peso médio dos grupos BP, MP e AP, iniciando em D0 com 22,0 kg, 21,4 kg e 21,1 kg, e finalizando em D98 com 46,4 kg, 48,3 kg, 48,2 kg, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) no ganho médio de peso diário entre os diferentes grupos (PB, 250 g; PM e AP, 276 g). A contagem média de ovos por grama de fezes (opg) do grupo PB no D98 (6.665 opg, aumento de 5.690 opg em relação ao D0) foi maior que a dos grupos PM e AP (1.617,5, p < 0,05 e 3.435, p > 0,05, respectivamente), que permaneceu constante ao longo do estudo. Os valores de hematócrito diminuíram (p < 0,05), do D0 para D98, apenas no grupo PB. Somente no grupo AP (p < 0,05), a concentração sérica de proteína total aumentou...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais/parasitologia , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Resistência à Doença , Infecções por Nematoides/prevenção & controle , Haemonchus , Ovinos/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-ParasitaRESUMO
In this study, the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of protein supplementation on gastrointestinal nematode control in lambs naturally infected. Sixty weaned Ile de France and Texel crossbred lambs, with 60 days of age, were divided into three groups (n=20) according to the level of protein in the concentrate: low protein (LP; 8.5%), moderate protein (MP; 15%), and high protein (HP; 25%). The daily amount of concentrate offered was based on 3% of live weight, which was continued throughout the experiment of 98 days. Evaluations were conducted biweekly from days 0 (D0) to 98 (D98). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the average weight among the LP, MP and HP groups, which was 22.0, 21.4, and 21.1 kg, respectively, on D0 and 46.4, 48.3, and 48.2 kg, respectively, on D98. The daily weight gain was not significantly different among the groups (LP, 250 g; MP and HP, 276 g; p > 0.05). The average egg count per gram of feces (epg) of the LP group on D98 (6,765; an increase of 5,690 epg from D0) was higher than that of the MP and HP groups (1,617.5, p 0.05, respectively), which remained constant throughout the study. The hematocrit values decreased (p < 0.05) from D0 to D98 only in the LP group. Only in the HP group (p < 0.05), the mean serum total protein concentration increased from D0 (5.3 g dL-1) to D98 (5.8 g dL-1)...
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da suplementação de proteínas no controle de nematoides gastrointestinais em cordeiros naturalmente infectados. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros desmamados, com 60 dias de idade, mestiços Ile de France e Texel, divididos em três grupos (n=20) de acordo com o nível de proteína no concentrado: proteína baixa (PB; 8,5%), proteína moderada (PM; 15%) e alta proteína (AP; 25%). A quantidade diária de concentrado oferecida foi baseada em 3% do peso vivo, que se manteve ao longo do período experimental de 98 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas quinzenalmente a partir do dia 0 (D0) ao dia 98 (D98). Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) no peso médio dos grupos BP, MP e AP, iniciando em D0 com 22,0 kg, 21,4 kg e 21,1 kg, e finalizando em D98 com 46,4 kg, 48,3 kg, 48,2 kg, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) no ganho médio de peso diário entre os diferentes grupos (PB, 250 g; PM e AP, 276 g). A contagem média de ovos por grama de fezes (opg) do grupo PB no D98 (6.665 opg, aumento de 5.690 opg em relação ao D0) foi maior que a dos grupos PM e AP (1.617,5, p 0,05, respectivamente), que permaneceu constante ao longo do estudo. Os valores de hematócrito diminuíram (p < 0,05), do D0 para D98, apenas no grupo PB. Somente no grupo AP (p < 0,05), a concentração sérica de proteína total aumentou...
Assuntos
Animais , Haemonchus , Infecções por Nematoides/prevenção & controle , Ovinos/parasitologia , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Resistência à Doença , Suplementos Nutricionais/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-ParasitaRESUMO
Introdução: A doença hepática crônica cursa com alterações no estado nutricional que impactam negativamente na qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes. Assim, a utilização de suplementos alimentares poderia ser alternativa para melhorar a QV. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de diferentes fontes proteicas na qualidade de vida, no estado nutricional e funcional de pacientes no período pré transplante hepático. Métodos: Tratase de ensaio clínico com pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático (Tx). Os pacientes foram randomizados para receberem suplementação diária de proteína do soro do leite (PSL) ou caseína (20g de manhã e 20g a noite) durante 15 dias. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio da avaliação global subjetiva (AGS), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), circunferência do braço (CB) e a funcionalidade por meio da força de pressão palmar, medida pela dinamometria e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). Para avaliar a qualidade de vida foi aplicado o Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após a intervenção. A análise estatística incluiu teste t pareado (p < 0,05). Os dados foram analisados no Stata Statistical Software®, versão 12.0. Resultados: Foram avaliados 56 pacientes, sendo 72,4% do sexo masculino, com idade média 51,9 ±11,3 anos. Cirrose etanólica foi a causa mais frequente (25,9%) da doença hepática. Segundo AGS, 56,9% dos pacientes foram classificados como desnutridos dos quais, 33,4% desnutrição grave e 66,6% desnutrição moderada. Não houve alteração do estado nutricional dos pacientes após a suplementação independente da proteína utilizada (p>0,05). A qualidade de vida aumentou no grupo PSL (3,73 ± 0,98 para 4,70 ± 0,62) e no grupo Caseína (3,70 ± 1,08 para 4,70 ± 0,73) (p < 0,001), sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. A força do aperto de mão no grupo PSL antes da intervenção era 28,99 ± 2,04 e evoluiu para 29,78 ± 2,17 e no grupo Caseína era 29,96 ± 2,67 evoluiu para 31,20 ± 2,42 kg), no entanto, sem diferença significativa (p > 0,05). A média inicial do TC6 no grupo PSL foi de 446,0m±20,75 evoluindo para 454,61±19,63, já no grupo caseína foi de 433,5m4±21,35 e evolui para 449,62m ±16,61 (p>0,05). Conclusão: A doença hepática crônica reduz substancialmente a QV e o presente estudo sugere que a suplementação proteica, independente da fonte, melhora a QVRS em pacientes para o TxH.
Chronic liver disease is associated with changes in nutritional status that negatively impact patients' quality of life (QoL). Thus, the use of dietary supplements may be an alternative to improve the QoL. Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementation of different protein sources on the quality of life, nutritional status and functional of patients in the pre-transplant period. Methods: This is a clinical trial with patients who are candidates for liver transplantation. Patients were randomized to receive daily supplementation of whey protein (WP) or casein (20 g in the morning and 20 g in the evening) for 15 days. The nutritional status was evaluated through subjective global assessment (SGA), triceps skinfold (TS), arm circumference (AC) and functionality through palmar pressure strength, measured by dynamometry and six-minute walk test (TC6). To evaluate the quality of life the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was applied. All evaluations were performed before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis included paired t test (p <0.05). Data were analyzed in Stata Statistical Software, version 12.0. Results: A total of 56 patients were evaluated, being 72.4% male, with a mean age of 51.90 ± 11.33 years. Ethanolic cirrhosis was the most frequent cause (25.9%) of liver disease. According to SGA, 56.9% of the patients were classified as malnourished, of which 33.4% were severe malnutrition and 66.6% were moderate malnutrition. There was no change in the nutritional status of the patients after supplementation (p> 0.05). Quality of life increased in the WP group (3.73 ± 0.98 to 4.70 ± 0.62) and in the Casein group (3.70 ± 1.08 to 4.70 ± 0.73) (p <0.001), with no significant difference between groups. Regarding dynamometry, the tightening force before intervention in the WP group was 28.99 ± 2.04 and evolved to 29.78 ± 2.17 and in the Casein group it was 29.96 ± 2.67 evolved to 31.20 ± 2.42 kg), however, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05). The initial mean of the 6MWT in the WP group was 446.0 ± 20.75, increasing to 454.61 ± 19.63, whereas the casein group was 433.5m4 ± 21.35 and increased to 449.62m ± 16, 61(p> 0.05). Conclusion: Chronic liver disease substantially reduces QOL and the present study suggests that protein supplementation, regardless of source, improves HRQoL in patients for TxH.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Transplante de Fígado , Suplementos Nutricionais , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Ensaio Clínico , Dissertação Acadêmica , Período Pré-Operatório , HepatopatiasRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the performance, efficiency and economic viability of different supplements for dairy heifers on Brachiaria decumbens pasture. Twelve heifers with 186 ± 30.5 kg average weight were divided in three groups of four animals. The treatments were mineral salt ad libitum; 0.4 kg animal-1 day-1 proteined salt and 1.0 kg animal-1 day-1 multiple supplement. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with the contrasts considered significant at 5% probability. There was greater (p 0.05) body weight and higher daily weight gain in animals supplemented with proteined salt or multiple supplement, compared to supplemented with mineral salt. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in any of the performance parameters between proteined salt and multiple supplement. The use efficiency was 1.31 and 0.61 for proteined salt and multiple supplement, respectively. The cost per kg weight gain in treatments with mineral salt, proteined salt and multiple supplement was R$ 0.67, R$ 0.68 and R$ 1.25, respectively. The use of proteined salt or multiple supplement provides superior performance than mineral salt in crossbred heifers. However, the proteined salt has higher utilization efficiency and economic advantage.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho, a eficiência e a viabilidade econômica de diferentes suplementos para novilhas, em pasto de Brachiaria decumbens. Foram utilizadas 12 novilhas, divididas em três grupos de quatro animais, com peso médio de 186 ± 30,5 kg. Os tratamentos foram: sal mineral ad libitum; 0,4 kg animal-1 dia-1 de sal proteinado e 1,0 kg animal-1 dia-1 de mistura múltipla. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, sendo os contrastes considerados significativos a 5% de probabilidade. Houve maior (p 0,05) entre sal proteinado e mistura múltipla em nenhum dos parâmetros de desempenho. A eficiência de uso foi de 1,31 e 0,61 para sal proteinado e mistura múltipla, respectivamente. O custo por kg de peso ganho nos tratamentos sal mineral, sal proteinado e mistura múltipla foi R$ 0,67, R$ 0,78 e R$ 1,25, respectivamente. A utilização de sal proteinado ou mistura múltipla proporciona desempenho superior ao sal mineral na alimentação de novilhas girolandas. Porém, a utilização de sal proteinado apresenta maior eficiência e vantagem econômica.