RESUMO
Marinas are central hubs of global maritime leisure and transport, yet their operations can deteriorate the environmental quality of sediments. In response, this study investigated the metal contamination history associated with antifouling paint uses in a sediment core collected from Bracuhy marina (Southeast Brazil). Analysis target major and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Sn), rare earth elements (REEs), and Pb isotopes. The modification in Pb isotopic ratios and REEs pattern unequivocally revealed sediment provenance disruption following the marina construction. Metal distribution in the sediment core demonstrates that concentrations of Cu and Zn increased by up to 15 and 5 times, respectively, compared to the local background. This severe Cu and Zn contamination coincides with the onset of marina operations and can be attributed to the use of antifouling paints.
Assuntos
Cobre , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Pintura , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Pintura/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cobre/análise , Brasil , NaviosRESUMO
This study evaluated metal contamination in surface sediments and macroalgae of mangroves and port complexes on the Brazilian equatorial margin. Samples were collected between August 2020 and February 2021 at seven points in a mangrove swamp under the influence of port activity and at two points without port activity. Metal concentrations in the macroalgae and sediments were determined using inductively coupled plasmaâoptical emission spectrometry. All macroalgal species bioaccumulated metals, as demonstrated by their bioaccumulation factors. The geochemical contamination indices indicated that the estuarine complex was influenced by port activity as moderately contaminated by Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe and considerably contaminated by Zn and Cu. The enrichment factor confirmed significant mineral enrichment of Zn and Cu in this environment. The concentrations of the metals in the sediment followed the order Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb at most sampling points. Cladophoropsis membranacea recorded the highest bioaccumulation values for Pb (0.44), Rhizoclonium africanum for Zn (1.08), Cr (0.55), and Fe (0.30), and Bostrychia radicans for Mn (2.22). The bioaccumulation pattern of metals in the most abundant macroalgal species followed the order Bostrychia radicans (Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Fe) and Rhizoclonium africanum (Zn > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Fe).
Assuntos
Alga Marinha , Ecossistema , Brasil , Chumbo , Monitoramento AmbientalRESUMO
Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of these study was to quantify the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in water and sediment samples from the Sorocaba River and musculature and gill samples of seven species of fish (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus, and Rhamdia quelen. In addition, the Bioaccumulation factor and Bioconcentration factor were obtained. The water and sediment analysis indicates average concentrations of metals below the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. Results above the legislation were found for chromium, in 18 samples: eight gills and 10 muscles. The trophic group that presented the highest contamination was the iliophages, followed by insectivores. There were no significant differences between the trophic groups in the absorption of the analyzed metals except for Zn and Hg in fish gills. The bioaccumulation factor in the gills and muscles showed that Hg and Zn had the highest values for the sediment in most species studied. Future research is needed to broaden the assessment as fish are consumed and water collection for supply has recently started downstream of the studied area.(AU)
Peixes são frequentemente usados como bioindicadores da presença de metais potencialmente tóxicos em ecossistemas aquáticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar as concentrações de Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb e Zn em amostras de água e sedimento do rio Sorocaba e em amostras de musculatura e brânquias de sete espécies de peixes (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus e Rhamdia quelen), pertencentes a diferentes níveis tróficos. Além disso, foi obtido o fator de bioacumulação e o fator de bioconcentração. A análise de água e sedimento indicaram concentrações médias de metais abaixo do limite máximo permitido pela legislação brasileira. Foram encontrados valores acima da legislação principalmente para o cromo: oito brânquias e 10 músculos. O grupo trófico que apresentou maior contaminação foi o iliófago, seguido pelos insetívoros. Não foi verificado diferenças significativas entre os grupos tróficos na absorção dos metais analisados, exceto para zinco e mercúrio em brânquias de peixes. O fator de bioacumulação nas brânquias e músculos mostrou que Hg e Zn apresentaram os maiores valores para o sedimento na maioria das espécies estudadas. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para ampliar a avaliação à medida que os peixes são consumidos e a coleta de água para abastecimento começou recentemente a jusante da área de estudo.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes , Intoxicação por Metais Pesados , Química da Água , BioacumulaçãoRESUMO
Natural rates of metal mobilization and deposition in terrestrial and aquatic environments have been changed due to anthropic activities, exposing the native biota to dangerous effects related to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of metals. This study assessed the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn in the water and riverbed sediment samples from the Verde River basin (VR), and in tissue samples from two native fishes, the Psalidodon paranae, a VR inhabitant, and the Psalidodon aff. fasciatus, a migratory species. Arithmetic mean values of metal concentrations recorded in waters were Cr: 46.16, Ni: 40.29, Cd 43.19, Pb: 57.74, Cu: 63.72, Mn: 98.36, Co: 64.53, Zn: 81.19, while for riverbed sediments were Cr: 11.84, Ni: 10.52, Cd: 7.14, Pb: 15.00, Cu: 22.16, Mn: 334.77, Co: 24.62, Zn: 434.44. For several analyzed samples, metal concentrations found were higher than Brazilian and international limits set for healthy aquatic life and human uses. Analyzed fish tissues also presented metal concentrations higher than Brazilian and international limits set, indicating a high ecological and health risk for the region. Psalidodon paranae showed affinity to bioconcentrate Pb, Zn, and Cd, while Psalidodon. aff. fasciatus tended to bioconcentrate Ni, Zn, and Cr. Multivariate analyses revealed spatial and temporal patterns in the metal contaminations in VR. These patterns were associated with rural and urban activities developed along VR, which practice inadequate soil handling, indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, and the dumping of domestic garbage and untreated and treated sewage into the river. The implementation of public policies for biomonitoring and pollution control by metals in VR is essential to safeguard regional water resources and their biota.
Assuntos
Characidae , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Bioacumulação , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Humanos , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
The concentrations of Platinum (Pt), Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd) were evaluated from a highly impacted estuary in Brazil influenced by industrial pole, highway traffic and sewage outfall. The Santos-São Vicente region presents important economic activities derived from a largest harbor of Latin America and an industrial pole surrounded by intensive highway traffic. Values of Rh varied from 0.08 to 1.7 ng g-1 with highest values at stations impacted by domestic waste. Pt ranged from 0.15 to 40.3 ng g-1 with highest concentrations located close to the ferryboat traffic. Pd levels varied from 1.05 to 22.0 ng g-1 with values >5 ng g-1 in 50% of the stations. The spatial distribution of PGEs was not always directly associated with muddy sediments, because high PGE levels found even in sandy sediments. Pollution indexes, including anthropogenic factor (AF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used for evaluating contaminant potential. Based on EF, Igeo, and PLI, 50% of samples of the sediments from Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSV) were classified with significant to strong PGE contamination. All stations on the Santos Channel (SC), São Vicente Channel (SVC) and Bertioga Channel (BC) had AF higher than 80% in at least one of PGE elements, as showed in station 2A, which presented AF <50% for Rh and Pd and 86% for Pt. Despite high anthropogenic enrichment, no correlations among PGE elements were observed in surface sediments. Only two stations presented Pd/Pt, Pt/Rh, and Pd/Rh typical ratios of auto catalyst (st. 14 and Piaçaguera) both located in the vicinity of highways. This could be due to the PGE deposition process in road dust, soil, and water as well as the biogeochemical cycling of PGEs involving organic metallic and inorganic complexes formed in the estuarine and seawaters.
Assuntos
Platina , Ródio , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Estuários , Paládio/análise , Platina/análise , Ródio/análiseRESUMO
The rupture of a mining dam in southeastern Brazil in 2015 was the country's greatest environmental tragedy. In order to evaluate the ecological risks of the mine tailings on the Rio Doce estuary, this study assessed trace metal contamination and sediment quality indices up to 2.9 y after the dam rupture. Surface sediments were collected from 17 stations on the Rio Doce estuary and Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, and As concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Four ecological risk indices (modified contamination degree [mCd], pollution load index [PLI], risk index [RI], and sediment quality guideline quotient [SQG-Q]) suggest a high risk by metal contamination with possible adverse biological effects, with moderate seasonal variability. Based on a precautionary approach, our results support fisheries closures and the need for public health monitoring in the affected areas, and support other studies that suggest chronic metal contamination of the Rio Doce estuary. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:655-660. © 2020 SETAC.
A ruptura de uma barragem de mineração no sudeste do Brasil em 2015 causou a maior tragédia ambiental do país. Para avaliar os riscos ecológicos dos rejeitos de minério no estuário do Rio Doce, este estudo avaliou os índices de contaminação por metais traços e qualidade dos sedimentos até 2,9 anos após a ruptura da barragem. Os sedimentos de superfície foram coletados em 17 estações no estuário do Rio Doce e as concentrações de Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu e As foram determinadas por ICP-OES. Quatro índices de risco ecológico (mCd, PLI, RI e SQG-Q) sugerem um alto risco de contaminação por metais com possíveis efeitos biológicos adversos, com variabilidade sazonal moderada. Com base em uma abordagem preventiva, nossos resultados apoiam o fechamento da pesca e a necessidade de monitoramento da saúde pública nas áreas afetadas, além de apoiar outros estudos que sugerem contaminação crônica por metais no estuário do Rio Doce. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:655-660.
Assuntos
Metaloides , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Estuários , Sedimentos Geológicos , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
ICOLLs are extremely sensitive to human activities when it comes to sediment metal and nutrient enrichment. To better understand anthropogenic influences associated with Carapebus ICOLL basin historical land use based in Serra, Great Vitória, ES, Brazil, two sediment cores were studied for trace and major elements, organic matter, C/N ratios, total sulfur, and phosphorus. Two stratigraphic units could be found in the sediment cores, one that is related to urbanization, more specifically sewage discharges, and an older one of lithogenic origin with maritime influence. A transition period was also identified from terrestrial influence (upper plants), probably due to deforestation. The more recent stratigraphic unit is characterized by higher organic and metal contents, while the former one is sandy, enriched in detrital metals and calcite. We derived that the Carapebus ICOLL hydrological regime of recent years was changed by the land-use changes in the watershed, specifically due to a larger sediment loading and subsequent closure of the berm. An originally mesotrophic system, Carapebus Lagoon shows the first signs of eutrophication.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Brasil , Eutrofização , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Humanos , Metais , Fósforo , Esgotos , Enxofre , UrbanizaçãoRESUMO
The present study characterizes the quality of sediments from the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (South Brazil). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in sediment samples together with a series of different in vitro bioassays. The fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1) was used to determine the presence of cytotoxic compounds and CYP1A- and oxidative stress-inducing agents in sediment extracts. Ovarian microsomal fractions from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were used to detect the presence of endocrine disrupters that interfered with the synthesis of estrogens (ovarian CYP19). Despite the relatively low levels of pollutants and no evidence of negative effects based on guideline levels, sediments collected close to harbors were enriched with CYP1A-inducing agents and they showed higher cytotoxicity. In contrast, sediments from internal areas inhibited CYP19 activity, which suggests the presence of endocrine disrupters at these sites. Overall, the selected bioassays and the chemistry data led to the identification of potentially impacted areas along the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex that would require further action to improve their environmental quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1811-1819. © 2016 SETAC.
Assuntos
Bioensaio , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Aromatase/metabolismo , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/metabolismo , Bass/metabolismo , Baías , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Disruptores Endócrinos/química , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Monitoramento Ambiental , Estrogênios/biossíntese , Feminino , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Microssomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos/enzimologia , Ovário/metabolismo , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Bifenilos Policlorados/química , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
In recent decades, considerable attention has been devoted to endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDC) and studies on fish feminization have increased throughout the years as a key signal for aquatic environmental contamination. The input of domestic sewage into water reservoirs is common in South American countries, especially in cities that experienced rapid population growths and unplanned urbanization. This study aimed at characterizing morphofunctional parameters of the tropical fish Sphoeroides testudineus and investigating the potential occurrence and effects of endocrine disruptors in the Pacoti River (Ceará, Brazil), often considered a reference site. After collection from the field, fish were measure/weighted and desiccated for gender identification (males, females, and undifferentiated), gonadal histology, and vitellogenin expression. From the biometric analysis, undifferentiated fish showed lower weight and length than female and male fish, although no differences in the condition index were observed. The gonadal weight of undifferentiated fish was significantly lower than those of females and males. Although this pattern was observed, gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed a different pattern, with differences being observed just between males and the other two groups (females and undifferentiated). Vitellogenin (VTG) expression was detected in many mature male and undifferentiated fish, indicating endocrine disruption. In addition, several EDCs (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17ß-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, and estriol) were identified and quantified in sediments from the sampling site. These results were unexpected and indicative that the Pacoti River is impaired by estrogenic contamination.
Assuntos
Disruptores Endócrinos/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Tetraodontiformes/fisiologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Brasil , Disruptores Endócrinos/metabolismo , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estrona/metabolismo , Estuários , Etinilestradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Gônadas/metabolismo , Masculino , Rios/química , Esgotos/química , América do Sul , Vitelogeninas/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined in two operationally defined fractions (HCl and pyrite) in sediments from Ensenada and El Sauzal harbors (Mexico). The HCl fraction had significantly higher metal concentrations relative to the pyrite fraction in both harbors, underlining the weak tendency of most trace metals to associate with pyrite. Exceptionally, Cu was highly pyritized, with degrees of trace metal pyritization (DTMP) >80% in both harbors. Dissolved Fe flux measurements combined with solid phase Fe sulfide data indicated that 98 mt of Fe are precipitated as iron sulfides every year in Ensenada Harbor. These Fe sulfides (and associated trace metals) will remain preserved in the sediments, unless they are perturbed by dredging or sediment resuspension. Calculations indicate that dredging activities could export to the open ocean 0.20±0.13 to (0.30±0.56)×10(3) mt of Cd and Cu, respectively, creating a potential threat to marine benthic organisms. Degrees of pyritization (DOP) values in Ensenada and El Sauzal harbors were relatively low (<25%) while degrees of sulfidization (DOS) were high (~50%) because of the contribution of acid volatile sulfide. DOP values correlated with DTMP values (p≤0.001), indicating that metals are gradually incorporated into pyrite as this mineral is formed. Significant correlations were also found between DTMP values and -log(Ksp(MeS)/Ksp(pyr)) for both harbors, indicating that incorporation of trace metals into the pyrite phase is a function of the solubility product of the corresponding metal sulfide. The order in which elements were pyritized in both harbors was Zn≈MnAssuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental
, Sedimentos Geológicos/química
, Metais Pesados/análise
, Poliquetos/fisiologia
, Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
, Animais
, México
, Minerais