RESUMO

The objective this study was to identify differences in the morphogenic patterns of four Urochloa brizantha cultivars (marandu, piatã, xaraés and paiaguás grasses) during the stockpiling period. A completely randomized design was used, with three replications, in experimental plots of 9m². The evaluations took place over 2 years. The grasses were stockpiled for 92 (Year 1) and 95 (Year 2) days. The leaf appearance rate of paiaguás grass was higher, compared to other grasses. In Year 1, the stem elongation rate of xaraés grass was higher than other grasses. At the end of stockpiling period of Year 1, the tiller population density (TPD) was higher in the paiaguás grass, intermediate in the xaraés and marandu grasses and lower in the piatã grass. At the end of the stockpiling period in Year 2, TPD was higher in the paiaguás grass canopy, intermediate in the marandu and piatã grasses canopies, and lower in the xaraés grass canopy. Paiaguás grass has greater leaf growth during the stockpiling period and is therefore suitable for use under stockpiled grazing. Xaraés grass has high stem elongation during the stockpiling period, which is why its use under stockpiled grazing must be accompanied by adjustments in pasture management.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar diferenças nos padrões morfogênicos de quatro cultivares de Urochloa brizantha (marandu, piatã, xaraés e paiaguás) durante o período de diferimento. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições, em parcelas experimentais de 9m². As avaliações ocorreram por dois anos. Os capins foram diferidos por 92 (Ano 1) e 95 (Ano 2) dias. A taxa de aparecimento foliar do capim-paiaguás foi maior, em comparação aos demais capins. No Ano 1, a taxa de alongamento do colmo do capim-xaraés foi superior aos demais capins. No final do diferimento do Ano 1, a densidade populacional de perfilho (DPP) foi maior no capim-paiaguás, intermediária nos capins xaraés e marandu e inferior no capim-piatã. No fim do período de diferimento do Ano 2, a DPP foi superior no dossel de capim-paiaguás, intermediária nos dosséis dos capins marandu e piatã, e menor no dossel de capim-xaraés. O capim-paiaguás tem maior crescimento foliar durante o período de diferimento, sendo, portanto, apropriado para uso sob pastejo diferido. O capim-xaraés apresenta elevado alongamento de colmo durante o período de diferimento, razão pela qual seu uso sob pastejo diferido deve vir acompanhado de ajustes no manejo da pastagem.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of deferred Urochloa decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ grazed by Nellore heifers under two periods of protein and energy supplementation (PES). The experiment was carried out from Jun 21 to Nov 15, 2016, under a completely randomized design and two PES periods (55 [P55] and 147 [P147] days). Forage mass (FM), leaf blade dry mass (LBDM), stem dry mass (SDM), dead material dry mass (DMDM), canopy height (CH), and forage bulk density (FBD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the SAS® PROC MIXED procedure and treatment means were compared with the Student's t test (p < 0.05). LBDM was higher for P147 heifers after 21, 84, and 126 days of grazing, similar to those observed after 63 days, and was higher for P55 heifers at 42, 105, and 147 days of grazing. SDM was lower for P147 heifers after 21, 42, 105, and 126 days, and similar in the other grazing periods. Protein and energy supplementation for heifers over 147 days resulted in a lower stem mass of U. decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ deferred pastures.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of deferred Urochloa decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk grazed by Nellore heifers under two periods of protein and energy supplementation (PES). The experiment was carried out from Jun 21 to Nov 15, 2016, under a completely randomized design and two PES periods (55 [P55] and 147 [P147] days). Forage mass (FM), leaf blade dry mass (LBDM), stem dry mass (SDM), dead material dry mass (DMDM), canopy height (CH), and forage bulk density (FBD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the SAS® PROC MIXED procedure and treatment means were compared with the Student's t test (p < 0.05). LBDM was higher for P147 heifers after 21, 84, and 126 days of grazing, similar to those observed after 63 days, and was higher for P55 heifers at 42, 105, and 147 days of grazing. SDM was lower for P147 heifers after 21, 42, 105, and 126 days, and similar in the other grazing periods. Protein and energy supplementation for heifers over 147 days resulted in a lower stem mass of U. decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk deferred pastures.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O estudo identificou e descreveu os critérios adotados pelas enfermeiras na seleção dos fios de sutura cirúrgica para a elaboração da sua previsão e posterior provisão das Unidades de Centro Cirúrgico, segundo a natureza pública ou privada das instituições hospitalares. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista estruturada e participaram do estudo 74 hospitais do município de São Paulo. A maioria dos hospitais pertence à rede privada e de porte médio, com Centro Cirúrgico geral e até 500 procedimentos/mês. A natureza determina a modalidade de aquisição, tipos de procedimentos cirúrgicos e a variedade de fios adquiridos. As enfermeiras participam dos processos de aquisição, distribuição e utilização de fios de sutura.

The study has identified and described criteria adopted by the nurses in selecting and calculating quantities of surgical sutures to supply the Surgical Center, according to the public or private nature of the surgical centers. The data were collected using structured questionnaires in 74 hospitals within the municipality of São Paulo. The majority of hospitals are medium in size and privately owned with a general Operation Room and up to 500 surgical procedures performed per month. The procedures, the type and the variety of surgical sutures are related to the nature of hospital management. However, there are no criteria to select surgical sutures and their distribution in the operation rooms. The nurses participate on the procedures for purchasing, distribution and use of the surgical sutures.

El estudio identificó y describió los criterios adoptados por las enfermeras al seleccionar los hilos de sutura quirúrgica para hacer la planificación y posterior adquisición de los mismos para cada unidad de Cirugía, con variables según el tipo de institución hospitalaria, ya sea pública o privada. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas estructuradas realizadas en 74 hospitales del municipio del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La mayoría de los hospitales de la red privada se clasifican como de porte medio, con una unidad de Cirugía General y hasta 500 procedimientos por mes. La naturaleza de la Institución determina la modalidad de adquisición, tipos de procedimientos quirúrgicos y la variedad de hilos de sutura adquiridos. Las enfermeras participan de los procesos de adquisición, distribución y uso de los hilos de sutura.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present experiment was carried out in Brotas, SP, with the objective of determining the most suitable time for shutting paddocks of Brachiaria grass up for accumulating herbage to be used for supplementation purposes during the dry season of the year. Treatments comprised a combination of three closure dates (March 10, March 24 and April 07) and four utilization dates (June 27, July 25, August 25 and September 22). The experiment was laid out on the field according to a complete randomized block design, replicated four times, with treatments assigned to experimental units according to a split- plot arrangement. Closure dates corresponded to the main plots and utilization dates to the subplots. The dry matter yields were different between the periods of stockpiling and increased with time. Herbage digestibility was strongly influenced by the lignin content. In order to obtain greater forage yields with better quality, it is suggested that stockpiling begin in March for utilization during the dry season of the year, to be used in July.

Utilizando-se de um delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, quatro repetições e 12 tratamentos, estudou-se os efeitos de três épocas de vedação e quatro épocas de uso na produção e valor nutritivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivada em Brotas-S.P. As épocas de vedação (10 de março, 24 de março e 07 de abril) representaram as parcelas principais e os períodos de utilização (27 de junho, 25 de julho, 25 de agosto e 22 de setembro) as subparcelas. Os resultados permitem afirmar-se que as produções de matéria seca para a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu variaram com as épocas de vedação, aumentando com o tempo. A digestibilidade da forrageira foi afetada, principalmente pelos teores de lignina. Visando conciliar-se a produção de matéria seca e o valor nutritivo para a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, recomenda-se a vedação da pastagem no começo de março, para uso durante o período seco, preferencialmente em julho.

RESUMO

The present experiment was carried out in Brotas, SP, with the objective of determining the most suitable time for shutting paddocks of Brachiaria grass up for accumulating herbage to be used for supplementation purposes during the dry season of the year. Treatments comprised a combination of three closure dates (March 10, March 24 and April 07) and four utilization dates (June 27, July 25, August 25 and September 22). The experiment was laid out on the field according to a complete randomized block design, replicated four times, with treatments assigned to experimental units according to a split- plot arrangement. Closure dates corresponded to the main plots and utilization dates to the subplots. The dry matter yields were different between the periods of stockpiling and increased with time. Herbage digestibility was strongly influenced by the lignin content. In order to obtain greater forage yields with better quality, it is suggested that stockpiling begin in March for utilization during the dry season of the year, to be used in July.

Utilizando-se de um delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, quatro repetições e 12 tratamentos, estudou-se os efeitos de três épocas de vedação e quatro épocas de uso na produção e valor nutritivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivada em Brotas-S.P. As épocas de vedação (10 de março, 24 de março e 07 de abril) representaram as parcelas principais e os períodos de utilização (27 de junho, 25 de julho, 25 de agosto e 22 de setembro) as subparcelas. Os resultados permitem afirmar-se que as produções de matéria seca para a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu variaram com as épocas de vedação, aumentando com o tempo. A digestibilidade da forrageira foi afetada, principalmente pelos teores de lignina. Visando conciliar-se a produção de matéria seca e o valor nutritivo para a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, recomenda-se a vedação da pastagem no começo de março, para uso durante o período seco, preferencialmente em julho.