RESUMO
Strychnos pseudoquina is a plant species whose stem bark is used as bitter tonic beverage. The phytochemical analysis, as well as quantification of phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from S. pseudoquina stem bark, and leaves were conducted. The extracts were tested for mutagenicity (Ames test) and DNA-damaging activity (Plasmid Cleavage test). Leaves recorded the largest amount of flavonoids. The performed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed flavonoids such as isorhamnetin and strychnobiflavone (phytochemical markers of the investigated species) in stem barks, but not in leaves. The proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in stem barks than in leaves. Stem bark and leaf extracts presented mutagenic activity against TA98 and TA100 strains with, and without, metabolic activation (S9). The Plasmid Cleavage test did not indicate DNA-damaging activity. Our results suggest that extracts deriving from S. pseudoquina should be used with extreme caution, mainly the stem bark extract, which is widely used in folk medicine.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Fenóis/análise , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Strychnos/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Etanol/química , Flavonoides/análise , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/química , Proantocianidinas/análise , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMO
Gastrite é a inflamação das paredes do estômago. Por meio de inúmeras causas, há um enfraquecimento da mucosa estomacal, permitindo que suco digestivo possa provocar dano a parede, através da quebra da barreira mucosa. Ela pode ser classificada em aguda ou crônica, e o tratamento é sempre medicamentoso. Geralmente nos casos agudos, podemos relacionar a um agente causador medicamentoso, infeccioso ou estressor - físico ou psíquico. Apesar do tratamento medicamentoso convencional, em alguns casos, o paciente ainda pode apresentar-se sintomático. Este presente relato de caso, diz respeito a um paciente que apesar do tratamento convencional, apresentava-se sintomático. A causa principal do seu problema, era atribuída principalmente ao estresse psíquico. Desta maneira, resolveu procurar a homeopatia, como medicina complementar. O tratamento homeopático, individualizado, mostrou ser muito eficaz no caso apresentado, com melhora dos sintomas iniciais da epigastralgia e também, de sintomas secundários, que não foram, motivadores da consulta. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , /uso terapêutico , Homeopatia , Coffea Cruda , Natrium Muriaticum , Gastrite/terapiaRESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the anti-HSV and anti-inflammatory effects of a standardized ethyl acetate extract (SEAE) prepared with the stem bark of Strychnos pseudoquina, along with two isolated compounds: quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (3MQ) and strychnobiflavone (SBF). METHODS AND RESULTS: The mechanisms of action were evaluated by different methodological strategies. SEAE and SBF affected the early stages of viral infection and reduced HSV-1 protein expression. Both flavonoids elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), whereas 3MQ reduced the chemokine release more significantly than SBF. Conversely, both compounds stimulated the production of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1-ß in LPS-stimulated cells, especially at the intermediate and the highest tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: SEAE and SBF interfered with various steps of HSV replication cycle, mainly adsorption, postadsorption and penetration, as well as with ß and γ viral proteins expression; moreover, a direct inactivation of viral particles was observed. Besides, both flavonoids inhibited MCP-1 selectively, a feature that may be beneficial for the development of new anti-HSV agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results indicated that the samples present anti-HSV and anti-inflammatory activities, at different levels, which is an interesting feature since cold and genital sores are accompanied by an inflammation process.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Biflavonoides/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Strychnos/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antivirais/química , Biflavonoides/química , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citocinas/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , Células VeroRESUMO
A new indole alkaloid strychnosinol (1) and a new phenolic-glycoside (2) were isolated from the bark and leaves of Strychnos fendleri Sprague & Sandwith, together with six known compounds reported for the first time in this species. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data; mainly those obtained by using (1)H and (13)C NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry. Strychnosinol (1) and the phenolic glycoside (2) together with compounds 3-8 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of five tumour cell lines; IC50 values between 0.090 and 0.227 µM for the human tumour cell lines were observed for compound 2.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Indóis/isolamento & purificação , Indóis/farmacologia , Strychnos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Sais de Tetrazólio , TiazóisRESUMO
Uma revisão do perfil químico e farmacológico é apresentada de espécies de Strychnos (Loganiaceae) ocorrentes na América do Sul e Central, incluindo o uso popular, as substâncias isoladas e suas atividades biológicas.
A review of the chemical and pharmacological profile of Strychnos species (Loganiaceae) found in South and in Central America is presented. It includes the folk uses, the isolated compounds as well as the pharmacological activities as reported in the literature.
RESUMO
Palicourea longiflora (Rubiaceae), a toxic plant from the Amazon belonging to the genus related to 90% of cattle death in the region, and Strychnos cogens (Loganiaceae)belonging to a genus whose plants are used by Indians for manufacturing "curares", were sources of 571 fungi isolates and 74 bacteria isolates. The fungi Colletotrichum sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger, Glomerella sp., Phomopsis sp. and Xylaria sp. and the endophytic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli were identified from P. longiflora, while the fungi Colletotrichum sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. were identified from S. cogens. Bioassays of fungi metabolites excreted by 79 isolates against pathogenic and phytopathogenic microorganisms showed that 19 products inhibited at least one of the microorganisms tested. Through metabolite dialysis it was possible to check the eight best inhibition results, observing that the bioactive molecules were smaller than 12.000 daltons.
Das plantas tóxicas da Amazônia Palicourea longiflora e Strychnos cogens foram isolados 571 fungos endofíticos e 74 bactérias endofíticas. Palicourea longiflora (Rubiaceae) e outras espécies desse gênero estão relacionadas a 90% das mortes de gado na região Amazônica. Strychnos cogens (Loganiaceae) e outras espécies de Strychnos são utilizadas pelos indígenas na confecção de "curares". Entre os endófitos isolados de P. longiflora foram identificados os fungos: Colletotrichum sp. e seu telemorfo Glomerella sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger, Phomopsis sp. e Xylaria sp., além da bactéria Burkholderia gladioli, pertencente a um grupo de fixadoras de nitrogênio. Dos isolados de S. cogens foram identificados os fungos: Colletotrichum sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma sp. Uma amostra de 79 isolados fúngicos teve seus metabólitos extracelulares bioensaiados contra microrganismos patogênicos e fitopatogênicos: 19 isolados inibiram um ou mais microrganismos-teste. Dos oito isolados com melhores resultados de inibição, as móleculas bioativas eram menores que 12.000 daltons, fato verificado pela diálise dos metabólitos.