RESUMO

Articular cartilage injuries are found in up to 60% of patients who undergo an arthroscopic knee procedure, and those that totally affect articular cartilage (grade IV) have limited regenerative capacity and extended time for recovery. 3-D scaffolds represent a novel solution to address this type of injury. Our purpose was to analyze the MRI findings and functional status of patients that underwent repair of chondral defects either by microfractures or Hyaluronan (HA) 3-D scaffolding. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with chondral defects. The outcomes analyzed in this study included anatomical changes evaluated by the Henderson score (based on MRI findings) at baseline, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and improvement in functionality evaluated by the Modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System (MCKRS) at baseline and 6 months after surgery. Clinical and demographic characteristics were similar for both groups. There was a statistically significant improvement in Henderson score for the 3-D scaffold-treated group at 6 months versus the microfracture group (p < 0.0001). Improvement in functionality, measured by the MCKRS, was more frequently found in the 3-D scaffold-treated group. In conclusion, the use of HA 3-D scaffolding was superior, with faster recovery evident 6 months after the surgery that progressed to full recovery in all patients a year after surgery. Future studies with a randomized design might help to support our findings. This study provides level III evidence.

RESUMO

Introducción: La artroplastia total de cadera se considera un procedimiento seguro y eficaz que alivia el dolor, y mejora la salud física y la calidad de vida en los pacientes. Objetivos: Caracterizar la artroplastia total de cadera en pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Fructuoso Rodríguez" y el Complejo Científico Ortopédico "Frank País". Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes intervenidos con artroplastia total de cadera en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Fructuoso Rodríguez" y el Complejo Científico Ortopédico "Frank País", entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2021. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino y las edades entre 60 y 62 años, con lateralidad izquierda. El principal diagnóstico preoperatorio resultó la coxartrosis. El tamaño de la copa acetabular y la cabeza del componente femoral fueron similares. La prótesis acetabular se fijó por presión. Conclusiones: Se encontraron grandes semejanzas en cuanto a la edad, el sexo, la lateralidad, el tamaño de los componentes acetabular y cabeza femoral, el tipo de fijación del componente acetabular y la cantidad de tornillos empleados. En el diagnóstico preoperatorio prevaleció la artrosis de cadera.

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty is considered a safe and effective procedure that relieves pain and improves physical health and quality of life in patients. Objectives: To characterize the patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty at Fructuoso Rodríguez Teaching Orthopedic Hospital and Frank País Orthopedic Scientific Complex. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted with patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty at Fructuoso Rodríguez Teaching Orthopedic Hospital and Frank País Orthopedic Scientific Complex, from September 2019 to March 2021. Results: The female sex and the ages between 60 and 62 years predominated, with left laterality. The main preoperative diagnosis was coxarthrosis. The size of the acetabular cup and the head of the femoral component were similar. The acetabular prosthesis was fixed by pressure. Conclusions: Great similarities were found in terms of age, sex, laterality, the size of the acetabular components and femoral head, the type of fixation of the acetabular component and the number of screws used. Osteoarthritis of the hip prevailed In the preoperative diagnosis.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although the essential components of pain pathways have been identified, a thorough comprehension of the interactions necessary for creating focused treatments is still lacking. Such include more standardised methods for measuring pain in clinical and preclinical studies and more representative study populations. OBJECTIVE: This review describes the essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pain nociception and its relation with currently available neuroimaging methods focused on health professionals responsible for treating pain. METHODS: Conduct a PubMed search of pain pathways using pain-related search terms, selecting the most relevant and updated information. RESULTS: Current reviews of pain highlight the importance of their study in different areas from the cellular level, pain types, neuronal plasticity, ascending, descending, and integration pathways to their clinical evaluation and neuroimaging. Advanced neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, PET, and MEG are used to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying pain processing and identify potential targets for pain therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The study of pain pathways and neuroimaging methods allows physicians to evaluate and facilitate decision-making related to the pathologies that cause chronic pain. Some identifiable issues include a better understanding of the relationship between pain and mental health, developing more effective interventions for chronic pain's psychological and emotional aspects, and better integrating data from different neuroimaging modalities for the clinical efficacy of new pain therapies.

RESUMO

Introducción: Las fracturas del radio distal se encuentran entre las más comunes y deben incrementarse por su relación con el envejecimiento poblacional. Su tratamiento quirúrgico ha aumentado gracias a un mejor conocimiento de la anatomía, la introducción de nuevos implantes y los beneficios de la movilización precoz. Objetivo: Revisar la anatomía regional del radio distal, la articulación de la muñeca y los actuales abordajes quirúrgicos para esta región. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed con los términos: anatomía del radio distal, anatomía de la muñeca, abordajes quirúrgicos para radio distal, fracturas de radio distal. Se revisaron artículos del servicio ClinicalKey e Hinari. Desarrollo: El extremo óseo distal del radio posee 5 superficies; los tendones y numerosas estructuras vasculonerviosas obligan a un conocimiento profundo. Existen múltiples abordajes quirúrgicos para el adecuado manejo de las fracturas del extremo distal del radio. Conclusiones: Los abordajes quirúrgicos para el radio distal pueden ser volares, radiales y dorsales. La visualización de la superficie articular se logra mejor artroscópicamente. Cada abordaje requiere una comprensión profunda de la anatomía local del radio distal para poder disecar y exponer las fracturas.

Introduction: Fractures of the distal radius are among the most common and they should increase due to their relationship with population aging. Its surgical treatment has increased thanks to better knowledge of the anatomy, the introduction of new implants and the benefits of early mobilization. Objective: To review the regional anatomy of the distal radius, the wrist joint, and the current surgical approaches for this region. Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the terms distal radius anatomy, wrist anatomy, distal radius surgical approaches, distal radius fractures. Articles from the Clinical key and Hinari service were reviewed. Development: The distal bony end of the radius has 5 surfaces, the tendons and numerous neurovascular structures that require in-depth knowledge. There are multiple surgical approaches for the proper management of fractures of the distal end of the radius. Conclusions: The surgical approaches for the distal radius can be volar, radial and dorsal. Visualization of the articular surface is best achieved arthroscopically. Each approach requires a thorough understanding of the local anatomy of the distal radius in order to dissect and expose fractures.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The lack of evidence on complications using mitral valve approaches leaves the choice of risk exposure to the surgeon's preference, based on individual experience, speed, ease, and quality of exposure. METHODS: The present study analysed patients undergoing mitral valve surgery using a superior transseptal approach or a left-atrial approach between 2006 and 2018. We included first-time elective mitral valve procedures, isolated, or combined, without a history of rhythm disturbances. We used propensity score matching based on 26 perioperative variables. The primary endpoint was the association between the superior transeptal approach and clinically significant adverse outcomes, including arrhythmias, need for a permanent pacemaker, cerebrovascular events, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 652 patients met the inclusion criteria; 391 received the left atrial approach, and 261 received the superior transseptal approach. After matching, 96 patients were compared with 69 patients, respectively. The distribution of the preoperative and perioperative variables was similar. There was no difference in the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias or the need for treatment. The incidence of nodal rhythm (p = 0.008) and length of stay in intensive care (p = 0.04) were higher in the superior transseptal group, but the need for permanent pacemaker implantation was the same. Likewise, there was no difference in the need for anticoagulation due to arrhythmia, the incidence of cerebrovascular events or mortality in the postoperative period or in the long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: We did not find an association with permanent heart rhythm disorders or any other significant adverse clinical outcome. Therefore, the superior transeptal approach is useful and safe for mitral valve exposure.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La artroplastia de cadera es uno de los tratamientos quirúrgicos más exitosos en la cirugía ortopédica. Actualmente existe un mayor interés en el abordaje anterior para artroplastias de cadera determinado por la creencia de que al ser intermuscular puede provocar una disminución del dolor, una recuperación más rápida, mejor estabilidad de la cadera y menor riesgo de luxación después de la cirugía comparativamente. Es propósito de este artículo revisar la historia del abordaje anterior de la articulación de la cadera, su vía intermuscular de acceso y los principales beneficios que posee. Popularizado por Smith-Petersen en 1917, el abordaje anterior de la cadera debe su primera referencia escrita a Carl Hueter. Todos los abordajes de la cadera han demostrado ser seguros y eficaces, con ventajas y desventajas. Se requieren estudios a largo plazo de un mayor número de pacientes para demostrar un beneficio de costo y una mayor calidad en la atención médica(AU)

Hip replacement is one of the most successful surgical treatments in orthopedic surgery. There is currently greater interest in the anterior approach to hip arthroplasties determined by the belief that being intramuscular it can lead to less pain, faster recovery, better hip stability and comparatively less risk of dislocation after surgery. The purpose of this article is to review the history of the anterior approach to the hip joint, its intramuscular access route and its main benefits. Popularized by Smith-Petersen in 1917, the anterior approach to the hip owes its first written reference to Carl Hueter. All hip approaches have been shown to be safe and effective, with advantages and disadvantages. Long-term studies of larger numbers of patients are required to demonstrate cost benefit and higher quality of medical care(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: O complexo zigomático é de grande importância no estudo da traumatologia devido a sua posição anatômica muito suscetível a traumas. Devido a sua interação direta com a órbita, o osso zigomático é uma importante proteção do globo ocular, assim como um dos responsáveis pela dissipação e transmissão de forças mastigatórias. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetiva revisar as formas de diagnóstico, exames complementares e as principais abordagens cirúrgicas bem como as possíveis complicações. Metodologia: Os dados selecionados foram obtidos através do acesso as bases de dados eletrônicos Medline, PubMed e Science direct. Foram selecionados 1 livro e 15 artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2019. Resultados: Diversas abordagens cirúrgicas podem ser utilizadas em fraturas do complexo zigomático dependendo da extensão e localização da fratura. As cirurgias são consideradas procedimentos seguros, com baixos níveis de complicações e sem problemas maiores no pósoperatório. Com a tecnologia 3D, o diagnóstico e planejamento dos casos se torna facilitado e mais preciso, levando a um procedimento mais seguro e previsível. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de fraturas no osso zigomático deve ser minucioso, envolvendo aspectos clínicos e exames complementares, o tratamento deve ser realizado de forma a preservar não só a função bem como a aparência, visto que erros no reposicionamento pós-trauma do processo zigomático pode causar simetria facial evidente no paciente, assim como o afundamento do globo ocular, diplopia, fissura orbital superior e hemorragia retrobulbar(AU)

Introduction: The zygomatic complex is of great importance in the study of traumatology due to its anatomical position very susceptible to trauma. Due to its direct interaction with the orbit, the zygomatic bone is an important protection of the eyeball, as well as one of those responsible for the dissipation and transmission of masticatory forces. Objective: This study aims to review the forms of diagnosis, complementary exams and the main surgical approaches as well as possible complications. Methodology: The selected data were obtained through access to the electronic databases Medline, PubMed and Science direct. One book and 15 articles published between 2013 and 2019 were selected. Results: Several surgical approaches can be used in fractures of the zygomatic complex depending on the extent and location of the fracture. The surgeries are considered safe procedures, with low levels of complications and without major problems in the postoperative period. With 3D technology, diagnosis and planning of cases becomes easier and more accurate, leading to a safer and more predictable procedure. Conclusion: The diagnosis of fractures in the zygomatic bone must be thorough, involving clinical aspects and complementary exams, the treatment must be carried out in order to preserve not only function but also appearance, since errors in the post-trauma repositioning of the zygomatic process can cause facial symmetry evident in the patient, as well as sinking of the eyeball, diplopia, upper orbital fissure and retrobulbar hemorrhage(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this article, we describe a new safe entry point for the posterolateral pons. METHODS: To show the adjacent anatomy and measure the part of the interpeduncular sulcus that can be safely accessed, we first performed a review of the literature regarding the pons anatomy and its surgical approaches. Thereafter, 1 human cadaveric head and 15 (30 sides) human brainstems with attached cerebellums were bilaterally dissected with the fiber microdissection technique. A clinical correlation was made with an illustrative case of a dorsolateral pontine World Health Organization grade I astrocytoma. RESULTS: The safe distance for accessing the interpeduncular sulcus was found to extend from the caudal end of the lateral mesencephalic sulcus to the point at which the intrapontine segment of the trigeminal nerve crosses the interpeduncular sulcus. The mean distance was 8.2 mm (range, 7.15-8.85 mm). Our interpeduncular sulcus safe entry zone can be exposed through a paramedian infratentorial supracerebellar approach. When additional exposure is required, the superior portion of the quadrangular lobule of the cerebellar hemispheric tentorial surface can be removed. In the presented case, surgical resection of the tumor was performed achieving a gross total resection, and the patient was discharged without neurologic deficit. CONCLUSIONS: The interpeduncular sulcus safe entry zone provides an alternative direct route for treating intrinsic pathologic entities situated in the posterolateral tegmen of the pons between the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles. The surgical corridor provided by this entry point avoids most eloquent neural structures, thereby preventing surgical complications.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The brainstem is a compact, delicate structure. The surgeon must have good anatomical knowledge of the safe entry points to safely resect intrinsic lesions. Lesions located at the lateral midbrain surface are better approached through the lateral mesencephalic sulcus (LMS). The goal of this study was to compare the surgical exposure to the LMS provided by the subtemporal (ST) approach and the paramedian and extreme-lateral variants of the supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach. METHODS: These 3 approaches were used in 10 cadaveric heads. The authors performed measurements of predetermined points by using a neuronavigation system. Areas of microsurgical exposure and angles of the approaches were determined. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences in the respective exposures. RESULTS: The surgical exposure was similar for the different approaches-369.8 ± 70.1 mm2 for the ST; 341.2 ± 71.2 mm2 for the SCIT paramedian variant; and 312.0 ± 79.3 mm2 for the SCIT extreme-lateral variant (p = 0.13). However, the vertical angular exposure was 16.3° ± 3.6° for the ST, 19.4° ± 3.4° for the SCIT paramedian variant, and 25.1° ± 3.3° for the SCIT extreme-lateral variant craniotomy (p < 0.001). The horizontal angular exposure was 45.2° ± 6.3° for the ST, 35.6° ± 2.9° for the SCIT paramedian variant, and 45.5° ± 6.6° for the SCIT extreme-lateral variant opening, presenting no difference between the ST and extreme-lateral variant (p = 0.92), but both were superior to the paramedian variant (p < 0.001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. CONCLUSIONS: The extreme-lateral SCIT approach had the smaller area of surgical exposure; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The extreme-lateral SCIT approach presented a wider vertical and horizontal angle to the LMS compared to the other craniotomies. Also, it provides a 90° trajectory to the sulcus that facilitates the intraoperative microsurgical technique.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare surgical exposure through microsurgical cadaveric dissection of the intercollicular region afforded by the median, paramedian, and extreme-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approaches. METHODS: Ten cadaveric heads were dissected using SCIT variant approaches. A neuronavigation system was used to determine tridimensional coordinates for the intercollicular zone in each route. The areas of surgical and angular exposure were evaluated and determined by software analysis for each specimen. RESULTS: The median surgical exposure was similar for the different craniotomies: 282.9 ± 72.4 mm2 for the median, 341.2 ± 71.2 mm2 for the paramedian, and 312.0 ± 79.3 mm2 for the extreme-lateral (P = 0.33). The vertical angular exposure to the center of the intercollicular safe entry zone was also similar between the approaches (P = 0.92). On the other hand, the horizontal angular exposure was significantly wider for the median approach (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: All the SCIT approaches warrant a safe route to the quadrigeminal plate. Among the different variants, the median approach had the smallest median surgical area exposure but presented superior results to access the intercollicular safe entry zone.

Assuntos