RESUMO
Studies have shown that deficiencies in magnesium, selenium, and zinc in individuals with obesity compromise the endogenous antioxidant defense system. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mineral deficiency on enzymatic antioxidant defense in women with obesity. The study involved 63 women with obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and 77 eutrophic women (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2). Variables such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and serum lipids were analyzed. Insulin resistance was measured using the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function using the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-ß). Dietary intake of energy, macronutrients (including magnesium, zinc, and selenium), and plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary concentrations of these minerals were measured and analyzed. Serum cortisol, plasma leptin, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and erythrocyte catalase were also analyzed. Women with obesity had reduced plasma and erythrocyte concentrations and greater urinary excretion of all minerals compared to normal weight women (p < 0.05). There was a positive association between erythrocyte concentrations of zinc and selenium and the activity of the GPX and SOD enzymes in erythrocytes in women with obesity (p < 0.05), in addition to a positive association between serum insulin and the enzyme GPX, which is dependent on dietary selenium (p < 0.05). Individuals with obesity are deficient in magnesium, selenium, and zinc, which appears to impair the antioxidant defense system and contribute to important metabolic disorders such as oxidative stress in these patients.
RESUMO
Rhus aromatica inhabits humid oak and oakpine forests in the State of Michoacán (Mexico). The fruit of R. aromatica is edible and is traditionally used in the preparation of soft drinks, ice pops, ice creams and 'atole'. The objective of the present investigation was to carry out a physical and chemical characterization and analysis of the antioxidant capacity of fruit. For the physical characterization, the equatorial and longitudinal diameter, weight and percentage of pulp were determined. In the chemical characterization, a proximal analysis was carried out, quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids was performed, and the antioxidant capacity was determined. The results showed that the fruit had a longitudinal diameter of 6.58 ± 1.02 mm, an equatorial diameter of 7.17 ± 0.66, a weight of 55.22 ± 5.47 mg, and a 40 % pulp proportion. The chemical characterization analysis indicated 8.7 % moisture, 30.6 % lipids, 8.7 % proteins, 29.4 % total sugars, 3.8 % ashes and 18.7 % crude fibre, 3.1 °Brix, pH 3.1, 1.92 % acidity total and a caloric intake of 4.27 kcal/g. The polyphenol content was higher in 60 % ethanol extracts with 88.6 ± 50.89 mg EAG/g; for flavonoids from extracts with 100 % acetone, it was 26.52 ± 0.65 mg EQ/g, and the total carotenoid content was 46.37 mg/100 g. The total antioxidant activity was higher in extracts with 80 % acetone, with 87.17 % inhibition of the DPPH radical and 90 % inhibition of ABTS without showing a significant difference with the different solvents used. The lowest IC50 values were presented in 100 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts for the DPPH radical and for the ABTS radical were the 80 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts. The lipid, protein, carotenoid, and polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacity of the fruit of R. aromatica were as high as those of other fruits consumed in the human diet.
RESUMO
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in optimizing the protocols intended to sperm cryopreservation in domestic animals. These protocols include initial cooling, freezing, and thawing. While different attempts have been devised to improve sperm cryopreservation, the efficiency of this reproductive biotechnology is still far from being optimal. Furthermore, while much attention in improving cooling/freezing, less emphasis has been made in how thawing can be ameliorated. Despite this, the conditions through which, upon thawing, sperm return to physiological temperatures are much relevant, given that these cells must travel throughout the female genital tract until they reach the utero-tubal junction. Moreover, the composition of the media used for artificial insemination (AI) may also affect sperm survival, which is again something that one should bear because of the long journey that sperm must make. Furthermore, sperm quality and functionality decrease dramatically during post-thawing incubation time. Added to that, the deposition of the thawed sperm suspension devoid of seminal plasma in some species during an AI is accompanied by a leukocyte migration to the uterine lumen and with it the activation of immune mechanisms. Because few reviews have focused on the evidence gathered after sperm thawing, the present one aims to compile and discuss the available information concerning ruminants, pigs and horses.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos , Criopreservação , Inseminação Artificial , Preservação do Sêmen , Animais , Criopreservação/veterinária , Criopreservação/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Masculino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Temperatura , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Cavalos/fisiologiaRESUMO
α-glucosidase, a pharmacological target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is present in the intestinal brush border membrane and catalyzes the hydrolysis of sugar linkages during carbohydrate digestion. Since α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) modulate intestinal metabolism, they may influence oxidative stress and glycolysis inhibition, potentially addressing intestinal dysfunction associated with T2DM. Herein, we report on a study of an ortho-carbonyl substituted hydroquinone series, whose members differ only in the number and position of methyl groups on a common scaffold, on radical-scavenging activities (ORAC assay) and correlate them with some parameters obtained by density functional theory (DFT) analysis. These compounds' effect on enzymatic activity, their molecular modeling on α-glucosidase, and their impact on the mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of the intestinal Caco-2 cell line were evaluated. Three groups of compounds, according their effects on the Caco-2 cells metabolism, were characterized: group A (compounds 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10) reduces the glycolysis, group B (compounds 1 and 6) reduces the basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and increases the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), suggesting that it induces a metabolic remodeling toward glycolysis, and group C (compounds 4 and 7) increases the glycolysis lacking effect on OCR. Compounds 5 and 10 were more potent as α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) than acarbose, a well-known AGI with clinical use. Moreover, compound 5 was an OCR/ECAR inhibitor, and compound 10 was a dual agent, increasing the proton leak-driven OCR and inhibiting the maximal electron transport flux. Additionally, menadione-induced ROS production was prevented by compound 5 in Caco-2 cells. These results reveal that slight structural variations in a hydroquinone scaffold led to diverse antioxidant capability, α-glucosidase inhibition, and the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in Caco-2 cells, which may be useful in the design of new drugs for T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Metabolismo Energético , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Hidroquinonas , alfa-Glucosidases , Humanos , Células CACO-2 , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hidroquinonas/farmacologia , Hidroquinonas/química , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Passiflora cincinnata is a Passifloraceae typical of the Caatinga, a biome unique to Brazil. It has various pharmacological properties associated with its high flavonoid content. Vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin and derivatives are the main chemical and pharmacological markers for this plant. Although flavonoids enriched-extracts have been widely applied in phytocosmetics, especially in sunscreen formulations, the use of P. cincinnata as a photoprotective ingredient remains unexplored. Different hydro-alcoholic extracts were prepared and their antioxidant and photoprotective activities were evaluated by in vitro assays. The most promising extract (Pc-1) was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Nine flavonoids were identified as major compounds: isovitexin-7-O-glucoside, isoorientin-2"O-hexoside, orientin, isoorientin, isovitexin-2"-O-glucoside, isovitexin-6"-O-glucoside, isoscoparin and isoquercitrin. Finally, Pc-1 (5 and 10%, v/v) was incorporated into gel formulations, alone or combined to commercial chemical filters (benzophenone-3 and octyl methoxycinnamate). Formulations containing Pc-1 showed high SPFspectrophotometric values. When combined to commercial filters, Pc-1 (5%) potentiated their photoprotective efficacy (p<0.05). A physicochemical characterization indicated no incompatibility or signs of instability after extract incorporation. Altogether, these findings encourage the use of Pc-1 as a photoprotective ingredient or co-adjuvant in sunscreens formulations.
RESUMO
Myrtus communis L., commonly known as true myrtle, is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean area. Since ancient times, the inhabitant s of this area have been using it for its cultural and medicinal properties. Because of the vast diversity of biomolecules in its aerial parts, it exhibits several biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. This review retrospect the research on the source, biological activities with empirical evidence, chemical composition, applications, and cellular targets of extracts and essential oils obtained from M. communis leaves, which provides a perspective for further studies on the applications and formulations of extract and EO of M. communis leaves. The efficacy of constituents' individually, in association with other bioactive constituents, or in combination with available commercial drugs would provide insights in to the development of these bio - actives as future drugs and their evolving future potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and aroma industries.
Myrtus communis L., comúnmente conocido como arrayán verdadero, es una planta medicinal originaria de la zona mediterránea. Desde la antigüedad, los habitantes de esta zona lo utilizan por sus propiedades culturales y medicinales. Debido a la gran div ersidad de biomoléculas en sus partes aéreas, exhibe varias propiedades biológicas, incluidas propiedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas y anticancerígenas. Esta revisión retrospectiva de la investigación sobre la fuente, las actividades biológicas con evi dencia empírica, la composición química, las aplicaciones y los objetivos celulares de los extractos y aceites esenciales obtenidos de las hojas de M. communis , lo que brinda una perspectiva para futuros estudios sobre las aplicaciones y formulaciones de l os extractos y EO de M. communis . La eficacia de los componentes individualmente, en asociación con otros componentes bioactivos o en combinación con medicamentos comerciales disponibles proporcionaría información sobre el desarrollo de estos bioactivos co mo medicamentos futuros y sus futuras aplicaciones potenciales en las industrias farmacéutica, alimentaria y aromática
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/química , Myrtus communis , Myrtus/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
Undergraduate students are frequently afflicted by major depressive disorder (MDD). Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. There is no information regarding whether mild outpatient MDD (SDMD) and first episode SDMD (FE-SDMD) are accompanied by O&NS. The current study compared lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation products, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), thiol groups, plasma total antioxidant potential (TRAP), and paraoxonase 1 activities among SDMD and FE-SDMD patients versus healthy controls. We found that SDMD and FE-SDMD exhibit elevated MDA and NOx, and decreased TRAP and LOOH as compared with controls. There was a significant and positive correlation between O&NS biomarkers and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and negative life events (NLEs). O&NS pathways, NLEs and ACEs accounted for 51.7 % of the variance in the phenome of depression, and O&NS and NLS explained 42.9 % of the variance in brooding. Overall, these results indicate that SDMD and FE-SDMD are characterized by reduced total antioxidant defenses and increased aldehyde and NOx production. The combined effects of oxidative and psychological stressors are substantially associated with the manifestation of SDMD.
Assuntos
Malondialdeído , Óxido Nítrico , Estresse Oxidativo , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/sangue , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estudantes/psicologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/psicologia , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/metabolismo , Estresse Nitrosativo/fisiologia , Universidades , Biomarcadores/sangue , Adolescente , Experiências Adversas da InfânciaRESUMO
Chysobalanus icaco L. (C. icaco) is a plant that is native to tropical America and Africa. It is also found in the southeast region of Mexico, where it is used as food and to treat certain diseases. This study aimed to carry out a phytochemical analysis of an aqueous extract of C. icaco seed (AECS), including its total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannins (CT). It also aimed to examine the antioxidant and metal-ion-reducing potential of the AECS in vitro, as well as its toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Antioxidant and metal-ion-reducing potential was examined by inhibiting DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The acute toxicity test involved a single administration of different doses of the AECS (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight). Finally, a single administration at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of the AECS was used in the carrageenan-induced model of subplantar acute edema. The results showed that the AECS contained 124.14 ± 0.32 mg GAE, 1.65 ± 0.02 mg EQ, and 0.910 ± 0.01 mg of catechin equivalents/g dried extract (mg EC/g de extract) for TPC, TFC and CT, respectively. In the antioxidant potential assays, the values of the median inhibition concentration (IC50) of the AECS were determined with DPPH (0.050 mg/mL), ABTS (0.074 mg/mL), and FRAP (0.49 mg/mL). Acute toxicity testing of the AECS revealed no lethality, with a median lethal dose (LD50) value of >2 g/kg by the intragastric route. Finally, for inhibition of acute edema, the AECS decreased inflammation by 55%, similar to indomethacin (59%, p > 0.05). These results demonstrated that C. icaco seed could be considered a source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes due to its antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity derived from TPC, with no lethal effect from a single intragastric administration in mice.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Antioxidantes , Edema , Extratos Vegetais , Sementes , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Camundongos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Sementes/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Carragenina/toxicidade , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Masculino , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The development and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are significantly influenced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy is a promising therapeutic option to enhance the clinical results of these individuals in this particular scenario. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of curcumin, with or without piperine, on cytokines, fecal calprotectin (CalF), and oxidative stress enzymatic and non-enzymatic indicators in patients with IBD. METHODS: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) who were at least 18 years old and had intact liver and kidney function participated in this randomized, double-blind trial (trial registration: ensaiosclinicos.gov.br as RBR-89q4ydz). For 12 weeks, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, curcumin (1000 mg/day), or curcumin plus piperine (1000 mg + 10 mg/day). In order to examine oxidative stress indicators, CalF, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, blood and fecal samples were obtained, both prior to and following the intervention time. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, and type of IBD, the curcumin plus piperine group had substantially higher serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than the placebo group (4346.9 ± 879.0 vs. 3614.5 ± 731.5; p = 0.041). There were no discernible variations between the groups in CalF, inflammatory markers, or other indicators of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), our study indicates that a 12-week curcumin plus piperine treatment effectively increases enzymatic antioxidant defense, especially SOD. These results demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefits of managing redox imbalance in individuals with IBD.
RESUMO
With the increasing need to promote healthy and sustainable diets, seaweeds emerge as an environmentally friendly food source, offering a promising alternative for food production. The aim of this study was to characterize the brown seaweed Sargassum filipendula from the coast of São Paulo, Brazil, regarding its nutritional and techno-functional properties using two dehydration methods, oven drying and lyophilized. A commercial dried sample was used as a control. Analyses of proximate composition, mineral determination, amino acid determination, antioxidant capacity, pH, color, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and techno-functional properties were performed. Seaweed flours showed significant differences in physicochemical composition, with dietary fiber content of seaweed flours exceeding 70 %. Glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant amino acids, with contents of 88.56 and 56.88 mg/g of protein in Sargassum oven drying. Both for antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds, Sargassum lyophilized flours showed the highest levels of compounds. Sargassum lyophilized exhibited lighter color compared to Sargassum oven drying and Sargassum commercial. Emulsion formation, foam formation capacity and stability were higher in Sargassum lyophilized, as well as water and oil absorption. The results suggest that seaweeds can be used to formulate a wide variety of food products, such as sausages, bread, cakes, soups, and sauces.