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PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the behavioral patterns of data on cataract surgery performed in the Brazilian public health system before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak and estimate the setbacks generated by the pandemic to guide public policies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational, longitudinal, and descriptive epidemiological study based on data retrieved from the public health system's databases of cataract surgeries performed each year and in each region from 2015 to 2022. RESULT: In Brazil, compared with the average of the 5-years preceding the pandemic, a 23 % reduction in the number of cataract surgeries was observed in 2020, followed by a 21 % increase in 2021, compensating for the majority of patients that were not operated on. However, the worsening situation of blindness caused by cataracts due to the pandemic not be avoided in the Central-West region, where unrecovered cases continue to accumulate. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic did not worsen the situation of cataract blindness in Brazil due to the efficacy of the measures taken by the government in resuming elective surgeries. However, the auhtors recommend that the distribution of resources for cataract surgeries should consider regional discrepancies based on epidemiological data.
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COVID-19 , Extração de Catarata , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Brasil/epidemiologia , Extração de Catarata/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Catarata/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Cegueira/epidemiologia , Cegueira/etiologia , Cegueira/prevenção & controle , Masculino , SARS-CoV-2 , FemininoRESUMO
A 40-year old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) developed hyporexia, weight loss, followed by progressive and complete blindness. Tomography demonstrated an intracranial mass in the rostroventral brain involving the optic chiasm, with a presumptive diagnosis of neoplasm. However, histopathology revealed a granulomatous meningoencephalitis, and tissue samples tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Doenças dos Símios Antropoides , Cegueira , Meningoencefalite , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Pan troglodytes , Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/microbiologia , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/patologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Cegueira/veterinária , Cegueira/etiologia , Cegueira/microbiologia , Cegueira/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Granuloma/veterinária , Granuloma/microbiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/veterinária , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/complicaçõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic characterization of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) and blindness in Colombia based on the National Health Registry Integrated Social Protection Information System (SISPRO) Database. METHODS: We performed a nationwide population-based study using SISPRO and the International Classification of Diseases. Total and new cases were identified to calculate the prevalence and incidence per 100,000 inhabitants of MSVI and blindness between 2015 and 2019. Blindness was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of less than 20/400 in the better-seeing eye. Meanwhile, MSVI is a BCVA from 20/70 to equal or better than 20/400 in the better-seeing eye. An ANOVA test was performed to identify age differences. A conditional autoregressive model was also employed to depict standardized morbidity rate maps. RESULTS: From the 50 million inhabitants, the average prevalence and incidence of MSVI were 13.94 and 13.34 between 2015 and 2019, respectively, while for blindness, they were 4.03 and 3.53. Females accounted for most reported cases, and there was a notable shift towards individuals over 50 years (p < 0.001). Valle del Cauca was the region with the most cases reported and the greatest disease burden. CONCLUSION: This is the first nationwide population-based study describing the prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic characterization of blindness and MSVI in Colombia. In recent years, there has been an increased number of cases, prevalence, and incidence, with females over 50 particularly affected. This research provides insight into the country's vision impairment epidemiology landscape and contributes to formulating public health policies to improve eye health care.
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BACKGROUND: Blindness and vision loss (BVL) is a major global health issue affecting older adults, but its burden in transition countries has received limited attention. Therefore, we aimed to assess the trends in the burden of BVL among older adults between 1990 and 2019 across Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), and predict the burden by 2040. METHODS: Data on BVL and its related causes were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the temporal trends by calculating the average annual percentage change using joinpoint regression analysis. Subsequently, we performed Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling to estimate the burden of BVL and its related causes by 2040. RESULTS: Most BRICS countries experienced a significant decline (p < 0.05) in age-standardized prevalence rates, and the decreasing trends tend to continue. However, by 2040, the number of BVL cases is expected to increase by approximately 50% across BRICS, with an estimated approximately 192, 170, 25, 17, and 7 million cases in China, India, Russia, Brazil, and South Africa, respectively. The related ranks of BVL causes are also estimated to change in the future, particularly in India. CONCLUSIONS: The different burdens and trends of BVL across BRICS reflected the different stages of population health transition. Effective eye disease prevention requires appropriate public health interventions. Developing effective health policies and services for older adults is urgently needed in BRICS countries.
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Cegueira , Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Idoso , Prevalência , Teorema de Bayes , Cegueira/epidemiologia , Cegueira/etiologia , China/epidemiologia , Índia/epidemiologia , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Orbital decompression is widely performed for the management of proptosis for cosmetic and functional cases of Graves orbitopathy. The main side effects include dry eye, diplopia, and numbness. Blindness after orbital decompression is extremely rare. The mechanisms of vision loss after decompression are not well described in the literature. Considering the devastating effect and rarity of this complication, this study presented two cases of blindness after orbital decompression. In both cases, vision loss was provoked by slight bleeding in the orbital apex.
RESUMO A descompressão orbitária é uma cirurgia amplamente empregada para correção da proptose em casos cosméticos e funcionais da orbitopatia de Graves. Os principais efeitos colaterais induzidos pela descompressão são olho seco, diplopia e parestesias. Amaurose pós descompressão é uma complicação extremamente rara e cujos mecanismos são pouco discutidos na literatura. Considerando o efeito devastador representado pela perda visual e a escassez de relatos dessa complicação, os autores apresentam dois relatos de amaurose após descompressão orbitária. Nos dois casos a perda visual ocorreu devido a sangramento de pequena monta no ápice orbitário.
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Abstract Purpose This study aimed to describe the behavioral patterns of data on cataract surgery performed in the Brazilian public health system before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak and estimate the setbacks generated by the pandemic to guide public policies. Materials and methods This was an observational, longitudinal, and descriptive epidemiological study based on data retrieved from the public health system's databases of cataract surgeries performed each year and in each region from 2015 to 2022. Result In Brazil, compared with the average of the 5-years preceding the pandemic, a 23 % reduction in the number of cataract surgeries was observed in 2020, followed by a 21 % increase in 2021, compensating for the majority of patients that were not operated on. However, the worsening situation of blindness caused by cataracts due to the pandemic not be avoided in the Central-West region, where unrecovered cases continue to accumulate. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic did not worsen the situation of cataract blindness in Brazil due to the efficacy of the measures taken by the government in resuming elective surgeries. However, the auhtors recommend that the distribution of resources for cataract surgeries should consider regional discrepancies based on epidemiological data.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and idiopathic uveitis. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary center. Patients under 18 years old who experienced at least one episode of uveitis and followed between 2000 and 2019 were included. Results: A total of 82 patients were included, of whom 43 had idiopathic uveitis and 39 had uveitis associated with JIA. Anterior uveitis was the primary site of ocular inflammation (76.8%) and occurred in 24 and 39 patients with idiopathic uveitis and uveitis associated with JIA arthritis, respectively (p=0.02). The complete response to corticotherapy was more frequent in uveitis associated with JIA (p=0.001). Total and partial responses to biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs were more frequent in uveitis associated with JIA (p=0.025) and idiopathic uveitis (p=0.045), respectively. There were 203 complications: cataracts were more frequently present in idiopathic uveitis (p=0.05), while synechiae was more frequent in uveitis associated with JIA (p=0.02). Conclusion: Idiopathic uveitis and uveitis associated JIA frequently follow a chronic course and an increased risk of visual loss in childhood. The uveitis associated with JIA showed better response to systemic corticotherapy and total response to biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs more frequently.
RESUMO Objetivos: Descrever as características clínicas e desfechos dos pacientes com uveíte associada à Artrite Idiopática Juvenil (AIJ) e da Uveíte Idiopática. Métodos: Este foi um estudo retrospectivo observacional conduzido em um centro terciário. Foram incluídos pacientes abaixo dos 18 anos de idade que apresentaram pelo menos um episódio de uveíte e que estiveram em acompanhamento médico entre os anos de 2000 e 2019. Resultados: Foram incluídos 82 pacientes, sendo 43 com uveíte idiopática e 39 com uveíte associada à AIJ. A uveíte anterior foi o sítio primário de acometimento (76,8%) em 24 e 39 pacientes com uveíte idiopática e uveíte associada à AIJ, respectivamente (p=0.02). Resposta total à corticoterapia foi mais frequente na uveíte associada à AIJ (p=0.001). Respostas total e parcial às drogas antirreumáticas modificadoras de doença biológicas foram mais frequentes na uveíte associada à AIJ (p=0.025) e na uveíte idiopática (p=0.045), respectivamente. Foram encontradas 203 complicações: a catarata foi mais frequente na uveíte idiopática (p=0.05), enquanto a sinéquia foi mais frequente na uveíte associada à AIJ (p=0.02). Conclusão: A uveíte idiopática e a uveíte associada à AIJ frequentemente apresentam um curso crônico e um risco elevado de perda visual na infância. A uveíte associada à AIJ apresentou melhor resposta à corticoterapia sistêmica e resposta total às drogas modificadoras de doença reumática biológicas mais frequentemente.
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Neurofibromas are neoplasms derived from nerve bundles and are frequent in humans but not common in animals. This report described the macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemistry findings of an orbitofacial neurofibroma in a sow. The sow presented left eyelids with marked expansion, associated with severe ectropion and reddening of both conjunctival mucosae. The mass on the cutting surface was homogeneous, with a light tan, and shiny, measuring 9.0 x 7.0 x 7.0 cm in width, compressing the eyeball. Microscopically, there was paucicellular neoplastic proliferation of elongated cells amid the accentuated myxoid matrix. There were multifocal areas where well-differentiated nervous fascicles and skeletal musculature were seen. Neoplastic cells were immunostained positive for GFAP, neurofilament, S-100, Sox-10, and vimentin. Cytokeratin showed immunolabeling around primitive nerve bundles and desmin around neoformed vessels and muscle bundles within the tumor. Orbitopalpebral and orbitofacial neurofibroma, despite being common in humans, have not been described in domestic pigs and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in eyelid tumors in pigs.
Neurofibromas são neoplasias derivadas dos feixes nervosos e são frequentes em humanos, mas incomuns em espécies animais domésticos. Esse relato tem como objetivo descrever os achados macroscópicos, histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um neurofibroma orbitofacial em uma matriz suína. O animal apresentava as pálpebras esquerdas acentuadamente expandidas, associada a severo ectrópio e avermelhamento de ambas as mucosas conjuntivais. A tumoração palpebral, na superfície de corte, era homogênea, levemente acastanhada e brilhante, medindo 9,0 x 7,0 x 7,0 cm, e comprimia o globo ocular. Microscopicamente foi observada uma proliferação neoplásica pobremente celular de células alongadas no meio de uma acentuada quantidade de matriz mixoide. Havia áreas intratumorias multifocais onde fascículos nervosos bem diferenciados e musculatura esquelética foram observados. As células neoplásicas foram positivas na imuno-histoquímica para GFAP, neurofilamento, S-100, Sox-10 e vimentina. Citoqueratina mostrou uma imunomarcação ao redor de feixes nervosos primitivos e desmina ao redor de vasos neoformados e feixes musculares dentro do tumor. O neurofibroma orbitofacial, apesar de comum em humanos, nunca foi descrito em suínos domésticos e deve ser considerado um diagnóstico diferencial para neoplasias palpebrais em suínos.
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Animais , Doenças dos Suínos , Cegueira/veterinária , Neoplasias Palpebrais/veterinária , Neurofibroma/veterináriaRESUMO
RESUMO Com o crescimento da indústria cosmética global, a busca pela estética e pelo rejuvenescimento impulsionou o aumento de procedimentos estéticos. A gordura autóloga é o tipo de preenchimento mais comum e mais grave relacionado à cegueira iatrogênica. A oclusão iatrogênica da artéria oftálmica é uma complicação rara (mas devastadora) das injeções de preenchimento facial. Embora diversos tratamentos tenham sido relatados e propostos, até o momento não há eficácia comprovada. Na identificação da oclusão de artéria central da retina, o tempo é de fundamental importância para o prognóstico visual do paciente. Os resultados, em geral, são insatisfatórios, e há pouca ou nenhuma evidência favorável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma paciente que apresentou oclusão de artéria central da retina após procedimento cosmético com gordura autóloga em região nasolabial.
ABSTRACT The global cosmetic industry growth and the desire for aesthetics and rejuvenation have increased the aesthetic procedures. Autologous fat is the most common and most serious type of filling related to iatrogenic blindness. Iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery is a rare but devastating complication of facial filler injections. Although several treatments have been reported and proposed, to date there is no proven efficacy. In identifying central retinal artery occlusion, timing is crucial to the patient's visual prognosis. The results, in general, are unsatisfactory and there is little or no favorable evidence. This paper aimed to report the case of a patient who presented central retinal artery occlusion after a cosmetic procedure with autologous fat in the nasolabial region.
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Introdução: Baixa acuidade visual é um problema de alta prevalência, podendo atingir até 25% das crianças em idade escolar e dentre os principais problemas estão a miopia, a hipermetropia, o astigmatismo, a ambliopia, o estrabismo e o daltonismo. Objetivo: O estudo visa determinar a prevalência de deficiências visuais não diagnosticadas em crianças de quatro e cinco anos que frequentam escolas em um município no noroeste paulista, relacionando-a ao sexo e a característica de escola (pública ou privada). Material e Método: Estudo observacional transversal prospectivo quantitativo, realizado em duas escolas públicas e duas privadas, localizadas no munícipio de Catanduva, São Paulo, Brasil, onde se aplicaram testes realizados para possíveis diagnósticos de distúrbios de acuidade visual (Teste de Snellen), Daltonismo (Teste de Ishihara) e Estrabismo (Teste de Hirschberg). Resultados: Foram avaliadas 245 crianças. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher. A prevalência de baixa acuidade visual foi de 29,73% nas escolas particulares, 43,27% nas públicas (p=0,046); no que se refere a sexo, 20,57% dos meninos apresentaram baixa acuidade visual, contra 17,31% das meninas (p=0,52). O Teste de Hirschberg apresentouse alterado em 24,32% dos alunos de escola particular, 17,54% dos de escola pública (p=0,22), 18,44% dos meninos e 21,15% das meninas (p=0,6). Já, alterações no teste de Ishihara manifestaram-se em 5,41% dos alunos das escolas privadas e 4,09% dos de escola pública (p=0,65); 6,38% e 1,92% dos meninos e meninas, respectivamente, apresentaram alterações (p=0,1). Destaca-se a importância do acompanhamento com um oftalmologista desde a infância, visto que a prevalência de deficiências visuais não diagnosticadas permanece significativa, principalmente quanto aos distúrbios de acuidade visual nas escolas públicas. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce de deficiência visual é primordial, pois muitas alterações são reversíveis por apenas um curto período
Introduction: Low visual acuity is a highly prevalent problem, affecting up to 25% of school-age children and the main problems include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, amblyopia, strabismus and color blindness. Objective: The study aims to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed visual impairments in children aged four and five who attend schools in a city in the northwest of São Paulo, relating it to gender and the characteristics of the school (public or private). Material and Method: Quantitative prospective cross-sectional observational study, carried out in two public and two private schools, located in the municipality of Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil, where tests were applied, carried out for possible diagnoses of visual acuity disorders (Snellen Test), Color blindness (Ishihara Test) and Strabismus (Hirschberg Test). Results: 245 children were evaluated. For statistical analysis, Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. The prevalence of low visual acuity was 29.73% in private schools, 43.27% in public schools (p=0.046); Regarding gender, 20.57% of boys had low visual acuity, compared to 17.31% of girls (p=0.52). The Hirschberg Test was altered in 24.32% of private school students, 17.54% of public school students (p=0.22), 18.44% of boys and 21.15% of girls (p =0.6). Changes in the Ishihara test were manifested in 5.41% of students in private schools and 4.09% of those in public schools (p=0.65); 6.38% and 1.92% of boys and girls, respectively, showed changes (p=0.1). The importance of monitoring with an ophthalmologist since childhood is highlighted, as the prevalence of undiagnosed visual impairments remains significant, especially regarding visual acuity disorders in public schools. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of visual impairment is essential, as many changes are reversible for only a short period
Introducción: La baja agudeza visual es un problema altamente prevalente, afecta hasta al 25% de los niños en edad escolar y los principales problemas incluyen miopía, hipermetropía, astigmatismo, ambliopía, estrabismo y daltonismo. Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de discapacidad visual no diagnosticada en niños de cuatro y cinco años que asisten a escuelas de una ciudad del noroeste de São Paulo, relacionándola con el género y las características de la escuela (pública o privada). Material y Método: Estudio observacional cuantitativo, prospectivo, transversal, realizado en dos escuelas públicas y dos privadas, ubicadas en el municipio de Catanduva, São Paulo, Brasil, donde se aplicaron pruebas realizadas para posibles diagnósticos de trastornos de la agudeza visual (Snellen Test), daltonismo (test de Ishihara) y estrabismo (test de Hirschberg). Resultados: Se evaluaron 245 niños. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y exacta de Fisher. La prevalencia de baja agudeza visual fue de 29,73% en colegios privados, 43,27% en públicos (p=0,046); En cuanto al género, el 20,57% de los niños presentó baja agudeza visual, frente al 17,31% de las niñas (p=0,52). El Test de Hirschberg se vio alterado en el 24,32% de los estudiantes de escuelas privadas, el 17,54% de los estudiantes de escuelas públicas (p=0,22), el 18,44% de los niños y el 21,15% de las niñas (p =0,6). Los cambios en la prueba de Ishihara se manifestaron en el 5,41% de los estudiantes de escuelas privadas y el 4,09% de los de escuelas públicas (p=0,65); El 6,38% y el 1,92% de niños y niñas, respectivamente, presentaron cambios (p=0,1). Se destaca la importancia del seguimiento con un oftalmólogo desde la infancia, ya que la prevalencia de deficiencias visuales no diagnosticadas sigue siendo significativa, especialmente en lo que respecta a los trastornos de la agudeza visual en las escuelas públicas. Conclusión: El diagnóstico temprano de la discapacidad visual es esencial, ya que muchos cambios son reversibles sólo durante un período corto