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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Enzootic bovine leukosis is a disease economically important to the dairy farming industry worldwide. The virus is of the Deltaretrovirus genus and is primarily transmitted iatrogenically. Most bovines infected with the virus remain asymptomatic with only 5-10% of cattle having lymphomas. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) in Sotaquirá, Boyacá, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, observational epidemiological cross-sectional study using the simple random sampling method with a sample size of 1000. Blood samples from random bovine were processed using the SERELISA® BLV Ab Mono Blocking indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Zoetis, USA). The assay had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 98%. The collected data were processed using Epi Info® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). From the study, we could determine a high seroprevalence of BLV in Sotaquirá. RESULTS: We established a high seroprevalence on BLV in the municipality, with 31.1% apparent seroprevalence and 30.6% real seroprevalence rate. We found that male cattle more than 4 years old (39.4%) and the Ayrshire breed (45.5%) had the highest prevalence rates of the virus. In this study, we could establish statistically significant associations according to breed, age, and gender of the cattle under study. Moreover, we identified the risk factors for BLV infection. We found that in cattle aged <1 year and those older than 4 years of age and those of the Holstein breed, the presentation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, mucosal secretions, mastitis, fetal death, the presence of a corral, and the implementation of artificial insemination practices were risk factors for BLV infection. CONCLUSION: Determining the prevalence of BLV within the herd and identifying the associated risk factors for the disease are fundamental in developing efficient programs for the control and eradication of BLV within herds.

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BACKGROUND: Bovine anaplasmosis is an endemic disease in tropical and subtropical areas. It is caused by a bacterium named Anaplasma marginale, and represents an economic problem for cattle farmers due to the losses it generates, such as: mortalities, reduced production, quarantine measures, treatments and control of vectors. The method most often used to diagnose this haemotrophic bacterium is direct examination on blood smear, which sensitivity and specificity are limited compared to other methods such as PCR. The present study aimed at investigating the presence of A. marginale in dairy cattle of Luz de América commune, province of Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas. Two PCRs were used to amplify specific regions of the Rickettsia for its molecular identification. RESULTS: At first, 151 blood samples were tested: msp5 specific gene of A. marginale was identified in 130 samples, meaning 86.1% of them were infected by the rickettsia. Two positive samples were further randomly selected to confirm the presence of A. marginale through amplification, cloning and sequencing of the conserved region of gene 16S rRNA. The analysis of sequences obtained through cloning revealed a 100% identity between both samples and those registered in GenBank for A. marginale. CONCLUSION: This is the first report and molecular identification of A. marginale in the bovine population of Ecuador and its prevalence was high at the level of farms and animals. These results demonstrate the importance of proceeding to evaluate and characterize bovine Anaplasmosis in Ecuador in order to establish control measures and reduce their impact.

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Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common pathogens leading to mastitis in dairy herds worldwide; consequently, the pathogen causes major economic losses for affected farmers. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), genotypic capsular typing by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virulence gene detection were performed to address the molecular epidemiology of 59 bovine (mastitis) S. agalactiae isolates from 36 dairy farms located in the largest milk-producing mesoregions in Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Pernambuco). We screened for the virulence genes bac, bca, bibA, cfb, hylB, fbsA, fbsB, PI-1, PI-2a, and PI-2b, which are associated with adhesion, invasion, tissue damage, and/or immune evasion. Furthermore, five capsular types were identified (Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV), and a few isolates were classified as non-typeable (NT). MLST revealed the following eight sequence types (STs): ST-61, ST-67, ST-103, ST-146, ST-226, ST-314, and ST-570, which were clustered in five clonal complexes (CC64, CC67, CC103, CC17, and CC314), and one singleton, ST-91. Among the virulence genes screened in this study, PI-2b, fbsB, cfb, and hylB appear to be the most important during mastitis development in cattle. Collectively, these results establish the molecular epidemiology of S. agalactiae isolated from cows in Brazilian herds. We believe that the data presented here provide a foundation for future research aimed at developing and implementing new preventative and treatment options for mastitis caused by S. agalactiae.(AU)

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Abstract Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common pathogens leading to mastitis in dairy herds worldwide; consequently, the pathogen causes major economic losses for affected farmers. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), genotypic capsular typing by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virulence gene detection were performed to address the molecular epidemiology of 59 bovine (mastitis) S. agalactiae isolates from 36 dairy farms located in the largest milk-producing mesoregions in Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Pernambuco). We screened for the virulence genes bac, bca, bibA, cfb, hylB, fbsA, fbsB, PI-1, PI-2a, and PI-2b, which are associated with adhesion, invasion, tissue damage, and/or immune evasion. Furthermore, five capsular types were identified (Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV), and a few isolates were classified as non-typeable (NT). MLST revealed the following eight sequence types (STs): ST-61, ST-67, ST-103, ST-146, ST-226, ST-314, and ST-570, which were clustered in five clonal complexes (CC64, CC67, CC103, CC17, and CC314), and one singleton, ST-91. Among the virulence genes screened in this study, PI-2b, fbsB, cfb, and hylB appear to be the most important during mastitis development in cattle. Collectively, these results establish the molecular epidemiology of S. agalactiae isolated from cows in Brazilian herds. We believe that the data presented here provide a foundation for future research aimed at developing and implementing new preventative and treatment options for mastitis caused by S. agalactiae.

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Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common pathogens leading to mastitis in dairy herds worldwide; consequently, the pathogen causes major economic losses for affected farmers. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), genotypic capsular typing by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virulence gene detection were performed to address the molecular epidemiology of 59 bovine (mastitis) S. agalactiae isolates from 36 dairy farms located in the largest milk-producing mesoregions in Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Pernambuco). We screened for the virulence genes bac, bca, bibA, cfb, hylB, fbsA, fbsB, PI-1, PI-2a, and PI-2b, which are associated with adhesion, invasion, tissue damage, and/or immune evasion. Furthermore, five capsular types were identified (Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV), and a few isolates were classified as non-typeable (NT). MLST revealed the following eight sequence types (STs): ST-61, ST-67, ST-103, ST-146, ST-226, ST-314, and ST-570, which were clustered in five clonal complexes (CC64, CC67, CC103, CC17, and CC314), and one singleton, ST-91. Among the virulence genes screened in this study, PI-2b, fbsB, cfb, and hylB appear to be the most important during mastitis development in cattle. Collectively, these results establish the molecular epidemiology of S. agalactiae isolated from cows in Brazilian herds. We believe that the data presented here provide a foundation for future research aimed at developing and implementing new preventative and treatment options for mastitis caused by S. agalactiae.

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Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, with 5-8 year-old (average 6.6 years), Holstein Friesian cattle (7) and Jersey (1) breeds. These cattle had a clinical history of severe pruritus, anorexia, apathy, decreased milk production, weight loss, and hyperthermia. Grossly, lesions were characterized by alopecia (8/8), crusts (7/8), lichenification and seborrhea (2/8), and exudative lesions (2/8), and involved the head (7/8), limbs (5/8), neck (4/8), trunk (4/8), perineum area (3/8), udder (3/8), and tail (3/8).[...](AU)

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Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, w

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Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, w

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Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, w

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Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, with 5-8 year-old (average 6.6 years), Holstein Friesian cattle (7) and Jersey (1) breeds. These cattle had a clinical history of severe pruritus, anorexia, apathy, decreased milk production, weight loss, and hyperthermia. Grossly, lesions were characterized by alopecia (8/8), crusts (7/8), lichenification and seborrhea (2/8), and exudative lesions (2/8), and involved the head (7/8), limbs (5/8), neck (4/8), trunk (4/8), perineum area (3/8), udder (3/8), and tail (3/8).[...]

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