RESUMO
NAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, as a direct consequence of the high prevalence of childhood obesity. This study aimed to characterize body composition trajectories from childhood to adolescence and their association with the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during adolescence. The participants were part of the 'Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study', comprising 784 children who were followed prospectively from age 3 years. Annual assessments of nutritional status and body composition were conducted, with ultrasound screening for NAFLD during adolescence revealing a 9.8% prevalence. Higher waist circumference measures were associated with NAFLD from age 3 years (p = 0.03), all skin folds from age 4 years (p < 0.01), and DXA body fat measurements from age 12 years (p = 0.01). The fat-free mass index was higher in females (p = 0.006) but not in males (p = 0.211). The second and third tertiles of the fat mass index (FMI) had odds ratios for NAFLD during adolescence of 2.19 (1.48-3.25, 95% CI) and 6.94 (4.79-10.04, 95% CI), respectively. Elevated waist circumference, skin folds, and total body fat were identified as risk factors for future NAFLD development. A higher FMI during childhood was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD during adolescence.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Obesidade Infantil , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effect of chemotherapy (CT) and its different types of regimens on the anthropometry and body composition of women with breast cancer. Three-hundred-and-four women with breast cancer were enrolled in this multicenter study. The participants were evaluated before the infusion of the first cycle of CT (pre-CT), and until two weeks after CT completion (post-CT), regarding body weight, body mass index (BMI); waist circumference (WC); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); conicity index (C-index); fat mass index (FMI); and fat-free mass index (FFMI). CT regimens were classified as anthracycline-based (AC-doxorubicin or epirubicin); anthracyclines and taxane (ACT); cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF); or isolated taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel). Women significantly increased BMI and FMI post-CT (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). The ACT regimen increased FMI (p < 0.001), while FFMI increased after AC (p = 0.007). It is concluded that the CT negatively impacted body composition and the type of regime had a strong influence. The ACT regimen promoted an increase in FMI compared to other regimens, and the AC increased FFMI. These findings reinforce the importance of nutritional monitoring of breast cancer patients throughout the entire CT treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Brasil , Composição Corporal , Docetaxel/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Impaired physical performance (IPP) and physical disability (PD) are two serious public health problems in older adult populations worldwide. While studies show that changes in body composition are important risk factors for developing these conditions, there is little evidence that the fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) indices (FFMI and FMI, respectively) are associated with IPP in older men and women. This study assessed the association among FFMI, FMI, and IPP using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in Mexican men and women aged over 60 years. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 217 older people (men 34.6%, women 65.4%; 60-92 years). FFM and FM were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, assuming a two-compartment model. FFM and FM were adjusted by height squared and the indices were obtained. After assessment of physical performance by SPPB, subjects with scores ≤6 were classified as having IPP. Associations were tested by multiple logistic regression analysis in separated models. RESULTS: IPP prevalence was 14.3%. Women were affected more than men. Regression analysis showed no significant association between FFMI and IPP, but FMI was strongly-associated, as for each unit increase in FMI, the risk of IPP rose significantly (OR: 1.14), and this result remained significant after adjusting for age, comorbidity, polypharmacy, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR: 1.23; p ≤ 0.001). These results emphasize the importance of preventing increases in FM and avoiding overweight and obesity in older men and women.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Limitação da MobilidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: International cutoff points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are not applicable to the Chilean population due to previous evidence of a lower lean mass and strength in this population. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is used to establish fat-free mass cutoff points to define sarcopenia in the Chilean population and analyze its association with handgrip strength in older adults. METHODS: Appendicular fat-free mass (AFFM) was calculated from 4062 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometries of healthy Chileans, ages 18 to 99 y. Possible cutoff points for sarcopenia were obtained using four methods: A) Normative, -2 standard deviation (SD) below mean AFFM/height2 (AFFMI) of adults age <40 y; B) normative -1 SD, -1 SD under the average AFFMI of adults age <40 y; C) stratification, 25th percentile of the residual distribution obtained with the regression equation to predict AFFM in the entire sample; and D) percentage, -2 SD under the average skeletal muscle mass/total body mass of individuals age <40 y. Additionally, in a subsample of elderly subjects, the correlation between handgrip strength and the four calculated cutoff points was analyzed. RESULTS: Using the normative method, sarcopenia was defined as an AFFMI <6.4 kg/m2 in men and <4.8 kg/m2 in women and at -1 SD, the cutoff points were <7.5 kg/m2 and <5.6 kg/m2, respectively. With the stratification method, sarcopenia was defined as -1.33 kg and -1.05 kg of AFFM with respect to the expected value according to the regression equation in men and women, respectively. According to the percentage method, the cutoff points for sarcopenia were <30% and <22.9% in men and women, respectively. The concordance of the four methods was slight to moderate. Only the percentage method showed a progressive increase in the proportion of subjects with sarcopenia as age increased. The latter and the normative -1 DS predicted lower handgrip strength in elderly women, unlike the other diagnostic methods. For elderly men, only the normative -1 DS method predicted weaker handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS: The AFFM of young Chileans is lower than that reported in Western countries but similar to Latin American data; therefore, the use of the traditional normative method would not be appropriate with -2 SD to establish cutoff points, and using -1 DS resulted in values that are higher than Baumgartner's. Stratification is advantageous because this method throws expected values of AFFM for each population; however, overdiagnosis of sarcopenia is a possibility and thus the method requires a representative sample. The percentage method is simple and showed the expected decrease of muscle mass with age, and also correlated well with handgrip strength in elderly women. Thus, this method represented our method of choice to detect sarcopenia.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Sarcopenia/metabolismo , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Compartimentos de Líquidos Corporais , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Body composition is known to influence the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). We sought to characterize the unique anthropometric phenotypes that present with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic bronchitis across four distinct settings in Peru. METHODS: We collected sociodemographic, clinical history, and spirometry data from 2959 participants from Lima, Tumbes, and rural and urban Puno. We compared the prevalence of CRDs among different study sites and described disease phenotypes. We used single and multivariable linear regression to model the influence of CRD status on various descriptors of body composition. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of CRDs varied across sites with the highest prevalence of asthma in Lima (14.5%) and the highest prevalence of COPD in rural Puno (9.9%). Measures of body composition also varied across sites, with highest mean body mass index (BMI) in Lima (28.4 kg/m2) and the lowest mean BMI in rural Puno (25.2 kg/m2). Participants with COPD had the lowest mean fat mass index (FMI) (10.5 kg/m2) and waist circumference (88.3 cm), whereas participants with asthma had the highest mean FMI (14.5 kg/m2), and waist circumference (94.8 cm). In multivariable analysis, participants with COPD had a lower waist circumference (adjusted mean - 2.97 cm, 95% CI 4.62 to - 1.32 cm) when compared to non-CRD participants. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that asthma and chronic bronchitis are more likely to be associated with obesity and higher fat mass, while COPD is associated with being underweight and having less lean mass.
Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Composição Corporal , Bronquite Crônica/epidemiologia , Recursos em Saúde , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Magreza/epidemiologia , Tecido Adiposo , Adulto , Idoso , Asma/fisiopatologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Bronquite Crônica/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , População Rural , População Urbana , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
A la fecha, pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre las medidas antropométricas y la obsesión por la musculatura (OM). Por lo anterior, el propósito de este estudio fue examinar los correlatos antropométricos de la OM. 76 varones universitarios contestaron la Escala de Obsesión por la Musculatura e individualmente se midió su peso, su talla y cuatro panículos adiposos (biceps, triceps, supraescapular y suprailiaco). No se observaron correlaciones significativas entre la puntuación total de la OM y los indicadores antropométricos (índice de masa corporal, densidad corporal, porcentaje de grasa, índice de masa libre de grasa e índice cintura cadera). Los índices antropométricos no se relacionaron con la OM, lo cual sugiere que la composición corporal actual de los participantes no se relaciona con la OM. El hecho de que el índice de masa libre de grasa no se relacionó con la OM es notable porque se esperaría mayor OM en los hombres con musculatura media. Una posible explicación es que la OM podría asociarse con la figura corporal, más que con la masa muscular corporal. Los hallazgos del presente estudio incrementan nuestro conocimiento de la OM en varones y pueden contribuir en el diseño de intervenciones enfocadas a disminuir la OM.
To date, few studies have assessed the relationship between anthropometric measures and drive for muscularity (DM). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine anthropometric correlates of DM. 76 college men answered the Drive for Muscularity Scale, and individually their weight, height and four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, suprascapular, and suprailiac) were measured. There were no significant correlations between DMS total score and anthropometric indicators (body mass index, body density, body-fat percentage, fat-free mass index, and waist to hip ratio). Anthropometric indices were not related to the DM, suggesting that the current body composition of participants was not related to the DM. The fact that the fat-free mass index was not associated with DM is significant because we expect more DM in men with average muscularity. One possible explanation is that the DM could be associated with body shape, rather than lean body mass. The findings of this study increase our understanding of the DM in men and may help in designing interventions to decrease the DM.