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BACKGROUND: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting dental enamel. Among its phenotypes, hypocalcified AI is characterized by mineral deficiency, leading to tissue wear and, consequently, dental sensitivity. Excessive fluoride intake (through drinking water, fluoride supplements, toothpaste, or by ingesting products such as pesticides or insecticides) can lead to a condition known as dental fluorosis, which manifests as stains and teeth discoloration affecting their structure. Our recent studies have shown that extracts from Colombian native plants, Ilex guayusa and Piper marginatum, deposit mineral ions such as phosphate and orthophosphate into the dental enamel structure; however, it is unknown whether these extracts produce toxic effects on the dental pulp. OBJECTIVE: To assess cytotoxicity effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exposed to extracts isolated from I. guayusa and P. marginatum and, hence, their safety for clinical use. METHODS: Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques were employed. For Raman spectroscopy, hDPSCs were seeded onto nanobiochips designed to provide surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS effect), which enhances their Raman signal by several orders of magnitude. After eight days in culture, I. guayusa and P. marginatum extracts at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) were added. Raman measurements were performed at 0, 12, and 24 h following extract application. Fluorescence microscopy was conducted using an OLIMPUS fv1000 microscope, a live-dead assay was performed using a kit employing a BD FACS Canto TM II flow cytometer, and data analysis was determined using a FlowJo program. RESULTS: The Raman spectroscopy results showed spectra consistent with viable cells. These findings were corroborated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, confirming high cellular viability. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity, suggesting that they could be safely applied on enamel for remineralization purposes. The use of nanobiochips for SERS effect improved the cell viability assessment.
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INTRODUCTION: The decline in dental caries has been attributed to the widespread use of fluoride (F). Two forms of presentation are fluoridated toothpaste (FT) and mouthwash (MW), widely used by the population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of combining FT and MW, whether supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) or not, on dental enamel demineralization. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 60) were selected based on initial surface hardness (SHi) and divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 12 each): I) Placebo Toothpaste (without F/TMP); II) 1100 ppm F Toothpaste (FT); III) 1100F associated with a MW at 100 ppm F (FT + MW 100F); IV) 1100F associated with a MW at 225 ppm F (FT + MW 250F); and V) 1100F associated with a MW at 100 ppm F supplemented with 0.4 % TMP (FT + MW 100F-TMP). The blocks were treated twice a day, undergoing 5 pH cycles over 7 days. Thus, the percentage change in surface hardness (%SH), integrated subsurface hardness loss (ΔKHN), and the concentration of F, phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) in the enamel were determined. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). RESULTS: The 1100F group was statistically inferior to the groups associated with MW for %SH, ΔKHN, and the concentration of P and Ca in the enamel (p < 0.001). Blocks treated with FT + MW 225F and FT + MW 100F-TMP showed significantly lower %SH compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The FT + MW 100F - TMP group exhibited the lowest depth mineral loss (ΔKHN), and higher concentration de P in enamel (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The adjunct use of MW with FT produces a greater protective effect in inhibiting enamel demineralization, and the supplementation of TMP to the MW with 100F provides a superior effect compared to MW with 225F. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This combination of treatments could be regarded as one of several alternative fluoride supplements for subjects at elevated risk of caries.
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Cariostáticos , Esmalte Dentário , Fluoretos , Dureza , Antissépticos Bucais , Polifosfatos , Desmineralização do Dente , Cremes Dentais , Animais , Bovinos , Polifosfatos/uso terapêutico , Polifosfatos/farmacologia , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Cremes Dentais/uso terapêutico , Cremes Dentais/química , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Fluoretos/uso terapêutico , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/análise , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fluorine plays a significant role in agrochemical science because approximately 25% of herbicides licensed worldwide contain this element. In a pool of previously synthesized benzoxazinones, some compounds contained fluorine and demonstrated inhibitory activities against protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO). Therefore, three data sets of benzoxazinone derivatives with known inhibitory activity against PPO were employed to build a multivariate image analysis applied to a quantitative structure-activity relationships (MIA-QSAR) model to identify improved analogs with at least one fluorine substituent. RESULTS: The QSAR model was vigorously validated and demonstrated to be highly predictive (r2 = 0.85, q2 = 0.71, and r2 pred = 0.88); thus, the model can provide reliable estimations for the PPO inhibitory activity of unknown derivatives. From these compounds, a couple of N-substituted benzoxazinones that contained the -CH2CHF2 group were found with predicted pKi values larger than 8 (Ki in mol L-1) and higher lipophilicity than the most active data set compounds. In addition, we carried out a systematic investigation of the binding mode of PPO by performing computational docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations. The proposed binding mode was consistent with experimental studies, and several potential key residues were identified. CONCLUSION: Two new proposed benzoxazinones exhibited better performance than compounds of the data set, and fluorine substituents played pivotal roles in describing the biological activities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Benzoxazinas , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase/química , Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase/metabolismo , Benzoxazinas/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Herbicidas/química , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Halogenação , Estrutura Molecular , Desenho de FármacosRESUMO
In this study, we report the simultaneous determination of bromine and fluorine using Second-Order Calibration High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Molecular Absorption Spectrometry (HR CS MAS). The instrumental data acquired correspond to the time versus wavelength matrix per sample that were analyzed using Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC), along with Unfold and N-way Partial Least Squares combined with a post-calibration step known as Residual Bilinearization (U and N PLS/RBL). Despite the significant difference in sensitivity between bromine and fluorine, all approaches provided reasonably accurate results when predicting both analytes in synthetic mixtures within a controlled environment. The relative prediction error (REP) values for bromine were 29.8 % (PARAFAC), 23.6 % (N-PLS/RBL), and 13.1 % (U-PLS/RBL), while for fluorine, the REP values were 3.4 % (PARAFAC), 3.5 % (N-PLS/RBL), and 3.2 % (U-PLS/RBL). When applying this approach to predict unknown samples, a comparison was made between the estimated nominal concentrations of fluorine and bromine obtained using either a reference method or based on labeled values or spiked mass, and those obtained using the proposed method. It was observed that PARAFAC was unable to predict the samples accurately, whereas the REP values for the prediction of bromine and fluorine using N-PLS/RBL and U-PLS/RBL methods were 19.3 %/19.2 % and 13.6 %/13.1 %, respectively.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The determination of the total metabolic tumour volume based on [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) PET/CT images in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has a potential clinical value for detecting early relapse in this type of heterogeneous lymphoproliferative tumours. Tumour segmentation is a key step in this process. For this purpose, our objective was to determine a segmentation threshold of [18F]FLT PET/CT images, based on a reference tissue uptake, on a cohort of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that have been scanned at different stages of the treatment. METHODS: We enrolled 23 adult patients with DLBCL confirmed in II-IV stages without nervous system compromise. All patients were scanned using [18F]FLT PET/CT at the time of diagnosis (baseline PET), interim PET (iPET), and at the end of treatment (fPET). The administered activity was 1.8-2.6 MBq/kg body weight, performed 60-70 min after injection and without use of contrast-enhanced CT. First, we assessed the [18F]FLT uptake stability in liver and bone marrow along the patient follow-up. For the lesion segmentation, three threshold values were assessed. RESULTS: Both, liver, and bone marrow can be indistinctly taken as reference tissue. The SUV threshold for a voxel to be considered as belonging to a lesion is expressed in terms of a percentage relative to the patient's uptake in the reference tissue. Found thresholds were: for liver, 62%, 33%, 27%; and for bone marrow, 35%, 21% and 22%, for baseline, iPET and fPET stages, respectively. The relative threshold throughout the treatment has a decreasing tendency along the stages. CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained with [18F]FLT PET/CT during staging and follow-up in patients with DLBCL, reference values were obtained for each stage referring to liver and bone marrow uptake that could be used in clinical practice oncology.
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La fluorosis dental se caracteriza por una hipomineralización de la estructura dental causada por ingesta excesiva de flúor sistémico. En la dentición decidua, su diagnóstico precoz es importante, dado que será un predictor para la aparición de lesiones en la dentición permanente. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia científica sobre la fluorosis dental en dentición decidua reportando su etiología y factores relacionados, prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos Pub-Med/Medline, EbscoHost y ScienceDirect (noviembre/2020), utilizando las palabras clave "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". El desarrollo de fluorosis dental en dentición decidua se relacionó con la ingesta de múltiples fuentes de flúor principalmente, agua potable, alimentos de la dieta, fórmulas infantiles, suplementos y uso de dentífricos fluorados en dosis inadecuadas. Algunos factores prenatales, como vivir en terrenos montañosos o de gran altitud y habitar en lugares cercanos a minas de combustión de carbón, también fueron asociados. La prevalencia de fluorosis dental reportada en los estudios varió entre 6,2 y 96,6 %, dependiendo principalmente de la concentración de flúor en agua potable. Para el diagnóstico de la fluorosis dental en la dentición decidua se deben considerar características como la localización, aspecto, extensión y color de la lesión, realizando diagnóstico diferencial con otro tipo de defectos en esmalte y dentina. Así mismo, el tratamiento de las lesiones dependerá de la severidad del defecto y condiciones individuales del paciente.
Dental fluorosis is characterized by a hypomineralization of the tooth structure caused by excessive intake of systemic fluoride. In the deciduous dentition, its early diagnosis is important since it will be a predictor for the appearance of lesions in the permanent dentition. The objective of this review was to describe the scientific evidence on dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition, reporting its etiology and related factors, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment. Electronic searches were conducted PubMed / Medline, EbscoHost and ScienceDirect (November / 2020) databases, using the keywords "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". The development of Dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition was related to the intake of multiple sources of fluoride mainly; drinking water, diet foods, infant formulas, supplements and the use of luoridated toothpastes in inadequate doses. Some prenatal factors such as living in mountainous or high altitude terrain and living in places near coal-burning mines were also associated. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in early childhood reported in the studies varied between 6.2% and 96.6%, depending mainly on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. For the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in the deciduous dentition, characteristics such as the location, appearance, extension and color of the lesion must be considered, making a differential diagnosis with other types of enamel and dentin defects. Evenly, the treatment of lesions will depend on the severity defects and individual patient conditions.
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Ultrasensitive electroanalytical monitoring of interleukin-6 levels in serum samples has emerged as a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. Despite its advantages, there is a lack of strategies for the label-free voltammetric determination of cytokines. Here, a novel chitosan/genipin modified fluorine tin oxide electrode was developed providing an in-situ hydrogel formation (FTO/CSG). This platform was applied for the detection of interleukin-6, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated genipin serves as an efficient green cross-linker to build the immunosensing platform (FTO/CSG/anti-IL-6). EIS showed an increase in charge transfer resistance from 326 to 1360 kΩ after the immobilization of anti-IL-6 antibodies. By square wave voltammetry, this method achieved a detection limit of 0.03 pg mL-1 with a wide linear range of 0.05-1000 pg mL-1. Additionally, it displayed a high selectivity index when tested in the presence of three inflammatory cytokines as interfering proteins: IL-12, IL-1ß, and TNF-α. The sample matrix effect showed a peak current variation lower than 5 %. The novel method was applied for the quantification of IL-6 in serum samples of septic mice. No statistical differences were observed between the standard ELISA and the proposed method using a confidence level of 95 %.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Quitosana , Sepse , Animais , Camundongos , Interleucina-6 , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Biomarcadores , Eletrodos , Imunoensaio/métodos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The study aims to analyse the fluoride concentration in the water supply of the capital of each province of Mozambique, 2019 and compare with previous data 1978 and 2008. Methods: The water supply in cities of Mozambique were analysed in 1978, 2008 and 2019 and water from Tete's River in 1978 and 2019. The fluoride concentration of the water samples was determined in duplicate, using the ion-sensitive electrode (Orion 9609), coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720), adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: The average fluoride concentration found in the years 1978, 2008 and 2019 was 0.31, 0.33 and 0.14 mg F/L, respectively. The fluoride concentrations collected from household taps in 1978, 2008 and 2019 were: Cabo Delgado/Pemba (0.62, 0.28 and 0.07 mg F/L), Niassa/Lichinga (0.18, 0.98 and 0.07 mg F/L), Nampula/Nampula (0.18, 0.01 and 0.06 mg F/L), Zambézia/Quelimane (0.81, 0.37 and 0.15 mg F/L), Tete/Tete (1.00, 0.97 and 0 .46 mg F/L), Sofala/Beira (0.00, 0.01 and 0.10mg F/L), Manica/Chimoio (0.04, 0.01 and 0.07 mg F/L), Inhambane/Inhambane (0.00, 0.05 and 0.19 mg F/L), Gaza/Xai-Xai (0.01, 0.06 and 0.06 mg F/L) and Maputo (0.23, 0.36 and 0.23 mg F/L), respectively. In the waters of the Zambeze River was 5.5 mg F/L in 1978 and 0.12 mg F/L in 2019. There was no significant change between the fluoride concentrations in the water collected from the taps during the periods studied (p=0.83), however there was a significant difference in the water collected from the river (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tete' River showed a significant reduction in fluoride concentration, and in the piped water collected in all municipalities, the fluoride content was below optimum.
RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo visa analisar a concentração de flúor no abastecimento de água da capital de cada província de Moçambique, 2019 e comparar com dados anteriores de 1978 e 2008. Métodos: A água de abastecimento das cidades de Moçambique foi analisada em 1978, 2008 e 2019 e a água do Rio Tete em 1978 e 2019. A concentração de flúor das amostras de água foi determinada em duplicata, utilizando o eletrodo íon-sensível (Orion 9609), acoplado a um potenciômetro (Procyon, modelo 720), adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A concentração média de flúor encontrada nos anos de 1978, 2008 e 2019 foi de 0,31, 0,33 e 0,14 mg F/L, respectivamente. As concentrações de flúor recolhidas nas torneiras das casas em 1978, 2008 e 2019 foram: Cabo Delgado/Pemba (0,62, 0,28 e 0,07 mg F/L), Niassa/Lichinga (0,18, 0,98 e 0,07 mg F/L), Nampula/Nampula (0,18, 0,01 e 0,06 mg F/L), Zambézia /Quelimane (0,81, 0,37 e 0,15 mg F/L), Tete/Tete (1,00, 0,97 e 0,46 mg F/L), Sofala/Beira (0,00, 0,01 e 0,10 mg F/L), Manica/Chimoio (0,04, 0,01 e 0,07 mg F/L), Inhambane/Inhambane (0,00 , 0,05 e 0,19 mg F/L), Gaza/Xai-Xai (0,01, 0,06 e 0,06 mg F/L) e Maputo (0,23, 0,36 e 0,23 mg F/L), respectivamente. Nas águas do rio Zambeze foi de 5,5 mg F/L em 1978 e 0,12 mg F/L em 2019. Não houve alteração significativa entre as concentrações de flúor na água coletada das torneiras durante os períodos estudados (p=0,83), porém houve diferença significativa na água captada no Rio (p<0,05). Conclusão: O Rio Tete apresentou redução significativa na concentração de flúor, e na água das torneiras coletada em todas as cidades, o teor de flúor estava abaixo do ideal.
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Introducción: La enseñanza-aprendizaje de los métodos de prevención y control de la caries dental en estomatología requiere de una formación académica que implique el conocimiento y desarrollo de habilidades del uso del flúor. Objetivo: Analizar la contribución de los programas de las asignaturas de la disciplina Estomatología General del plan de estudio E de la carrera Estomatología a la sistematización en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del flúor. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa mediante revisión de documentos curriculares de la carrera y programas de las asignaturas de la disciplina Estomatología General del plan de estudio E. Se analizaron los temas, contenidos, objetivos y sistemas de habilidades, orientaciones metodológicas y estrategias curriculares de los programas y su relación con la enseñanza aprendizaje del flúor. Resultados: Las ocho asignaturas que contribuyen al aprendizaje del flúor abarcan todos los años de la carrera, más de la mitad abordan de manera directa este contenido, en tres sus vínculos son indirectos y no se aborda dentro de los contenidos o habilidades en el programa. El sistema de conocimientos y sistema de habilidades, seguido de los objetivos, resultó ser donde más se plantea la enseñanza del flúor. Solo dos asignaturas lo abordan en las orientaciones metodológicas. Conclusiones: La estructura del diseño curricular posibilita el enfoque en sistema de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del flúor, sin embargo, no existe una estrategia de la disciplina que garantice la sistematización del conocimiento de las acciones preventivas y curativas.
Introduction: The teaching-learning process of methods for the prevention and control of dental caries in dentistry requires academic training that involves knowledge and development of skills in the use of fluoride. Objective: To analyze the contribution of the programs of the subjects of General Dentistry discipline in the Plan E of Dentistry career to the systematic teaching and learning process of the use of fluoride. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out by revising curricular documents of the studies and programs of the subjects of General Dentistry discipline of Plan E. Themes, contents, objectives and systems of abilities, methodological orientations and curricular strategies of the programs were analyzed as well as their relationship with the teaching-learning process of the use of fluoride. Results: The eight subjects that contribute to the leaning of the use of fluoride cover all the academic years of the dental studies. More than half of the subjects directly considers this topic in their programs. Three of the subjects has indirect approach of the topic in question, and it is not taught in the content or abilities in the program. The teaching of the use of fluoride was emphasized in the knowledge system and system of abilities, followed by the objective. It was only covered in two subjects, in the methodological orientations. Conclusions: The structure of the curricular design makes possible the system approach of the teaching-learning process of the use of fluoride. Unfortunately, there is no a strategy of the discipline that guarantees systematization of the knowledge of preventive and healing actions.
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Resumo Introdução A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento tem sido apontada em estudos nacionais e internacionais como a mais eficiente e equânime forma de acesso a fluoretos na prevenção da cárie dentária. Objetivo Relatar os resultados do heterocontrole nas águas de abastecimento público do município de Colombo/PR, no período de dezembro de 2013 a novembro de 2014. Método Foram coletadas amostras mensais em 15 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, em dias da semana aleatórios, no período de 12/2013 a 11/2014. As amostras foram analisadas pelo método eletrométrico na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Resultados Foram analisadas 180 amostras, que variaram de <0,001 a 1,480 mg/L (média 0,715±0,232 mg/L). De acordo com o critério estabelecido pelo Centro Colaborador do Ministério da Saúde em Vigilância da Saúde Bucal, 51,11% das amostras apresentavam níveis de fluoretos adequados, 13,34% concentrações de flúor acima do ideal, e 35,56% abaixo do ideal. Conclusão O heterocontrole representa uma das principais estratégias de vigilância em saúde bucal, e, dessa forma, deve ser implementado e efetuado em todas as regiões que utilizam água fluoretada, a fim de garantir a manutenção de níveis ótimos de fluoretos.
Abstract Background The fluoridation of water supply has been pointed out in national and international studies as the most efficient and equal way of accessing fluorides in the prevention of dental caries. Objective To report the results of heterocontrol in public water supply in the municipality of Colombo/PR, from December 2013 to November 2014. Method The samples were monthly collected in 15 Basic Health Units, on random days of the week, from 12/2013 to 11/2014. The samples were analyzed by the electrometric method at the Faculty of Dentistry of Fluminense Federal University. Results 180 samples were analyzed, ranging from <0.001 to 1.480 mg/L (mean 0.715 ± 0.232 mg/L). According to the criteria established by the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health in Oral Health Surveillance, 51.11% of the samples had adequate fluoride levels, 13.34% above ideal fluoride levels, and 35.56% below ideal levels. Conclusion Heterocontrol could represent one of the main strategies of oral health surveillance, and, therefore, it should be implemented and carried out in all regions that use fluoridated water, in order to guarantee the maintenance of optimal fluoride levels.