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SUMMARY: The height, weight, diameters, volumes and skin folds were measured on a sample of 242 young soccer players from the Republic of Kosovo and therefore, the body composition, somatotype components, BMI index and maximum oxygen consumption. These were indirectly measured in order to determine their common morphological and functional features and analyze specificity i.e., the likely differences based on the playing positions (goalkeepers, defense, middle players and attackers). Within the statistical analysis, the basic descriptive statistical parameters were calculated, and a multivariate and univariate analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis were applied. Goalkeepers have statistically significantly higher body height and humeral breadth, and lower values of maximum oxygen consumption, in comparison to players who play the other positions on the team and higher body weight regarding the players who play in the middle and the attackers. Defense players have statistically significant higher body weight than the middle players. In the other anthropometric measures and somatotype components, there are no statistically significant differences among the players who play on different positions in the team. The achieved results could serve as normative morphological and functional indicators for regular sports medical examinations of young soccer players in the Republic of Kosovo. They could also be used as a template for comparison of the morphological and functional data of young soccer players at similar level in different countries.

RESUMEN: En el estudio se midieron la altura, peso, diámetros, volumen y pliegues cutáneos en una muestra de 242 jóvenes futbolistas de la República de Kosovo y se midieron indirectamente la composición corporal, los componentes del somatotipo, el índice de IMC y el consumo máximo de oxígeno para determinar sus características morfológicas y funcionales y para analizar la especificidad, es decir, las diferencias probables basadas en las posiciones de juego (porteros, defensa, jugadores medios y atacantes). Dentro del análisis estadístico, se calcularon los parámetros estadísticos descriptivos básicos, y se aplicaron análisis de varianza multivariante y univariado y el análisis post hoc. Los porteros estadísticamente tienen una altura mayor del cuerpo y de amplitud humeral, y valores más bajos de consumo máximo de oxígeno en comparación con los jugadores que juegan en las otras posiciones en el equipo y tienen un mayor peso corporal con respecto a los jugadores que juegan en el medio y los atacantes. Los jugadores de defensa tienen un peso corporal estadísticamente mayor que los jugadores del medio campo. En las otras medidas antropométricas y componentes del somatotipo, no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los jugadores que juegan en diferentes posiciones en el equipo. Los resultados logrados podrían servir como indicadores normativos morfológicos y funcionales para los exámenes médicos deportivos de los jugadores de fútbol en la República de Kosovo. También podrían usarse como una plantilla para comparar los datos morfológicos y funcionales de jugadores jóvenes de fútbol de niveles similares en diferentes países.

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Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 12 adultos mayores, pertenecientes a los sectores de educación y cultura del municipio de Baracoa, provincia de Guantánamo, con vistas a evaluar algunos indicadores funcionales asociados a la creatividad de estos senescentes, desde septiembre del 2014 hasta julio del 2015. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y técnicas de investigación psicológica. Se halló que estos adultos mayores poseen cualidades que les permiten afrontar de manera exitosa y feliz esta etapa de la vida, pues se mantienen en constante actividad y comunicación. El dominio del campo donde se regula su potencial creativo, unido a la motivación hacia lo que hacen, la perseverancia y la autodeterminación, les permiten enfrentar las dificultades en todas las etapas de sus vidas

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 12 elderly, belonging to the education and culture sectors of Baracoa, in Guantánamo, was carried out from September, 2014 to July, 2015 aimed at evaluating some functional indicators associated with their creativity. Theoretical, empiric and technical methods of psychological investigation were used. It was found that these elderly possess qualities that allow them to confront this period of life in a successful and happy way, because they stay in constant activity and communication. The command of the field where their creative potential is regulated, along with the motivation towards what they make, perseverance and self-determination, let them face the difficulties in all the periods of their lives

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BACKGROUND: Zinc is an important cause of morbidity, particularly among young children. The dietary, functional, and biochemical indicators should be used to assess zinc status and to indicate the need for zinc interventions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the zinc status and reference intervals for serum zinc concentration considering dietary, functional, and biochemical indicators in apparently healthy children in the Northeast Region of Brazil. DESIGN: The cross-sectional study included 131 healthy children: 72 girls and 59 boys, aged between 6 and 9 years. Anthropometric assessment was made by body mass index (BMI) and age; dietary assessment by prospective 3-day food register, and an evaluation of total proteins was performed. Zinc in the serum samples was analyzed in triplicate in the same assay flame, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: With respect to dietary assessment, only the intake of fiber and calcium was below the recommendations by age and gender. All subjects were eutrophic according to BMI and age classification. Zinc intake correlated with energy (p=0.0019), protein (p=0.0054), fat (p<0.0001), carbohydrate (p=0.0305), fiber (p=0.0465), calcium (p=0.0006), and iron (p=0.0003) intakes. Serum zinc correlated with protein intake (p=0.0145) and serum albumin (p=0.0141), globulin (p=0.0041), and albumin/globulin ratio (p=0.0043). Biochemical parameters were all within the normal reference range. Reference intervals for basal serum zinc concentration were 0.70-1.14 µg/mL in boys, 0.73-1.17 µg/mL in girls, and 0.72-1.15 µg/mL in the total population. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents pediatric reference intervals for serum zinc concentration, considering dietary, functional, and biochemical indicators, which are useful to establish the zinc status in specific groups. In this regard, there are few studies in the literature conducted under these conditions, which make it an innovative methodology.