RESUMO
The South African flag sign (SAFS) is an acute, dynamic electrocardiographic (ECG) finding typically associated with first diagonal (D1) artery occlusion. We report the case of a 47-year-old woman who exhibited this pattern but subsequently revealed the dreaded "widow-maker" lesion (100% occluded proximal left anterior descending [LAD] artery) and severe multivessel disease (90% stenosis of the posterior left ventricular [PLV] artery and 80% stenosis of the left circumflex artery [LCx]).
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Constrição Patológica , África do SulRESUMO
Double right coronary artery (RCA) is an extremely uncommon anomaly that is mostly detected incidentally in patients undergoing coronary angiography. It can be a benign and isolated anomaly or associated with other congenital abnormalities, mostly other coronary anomalies. Although atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia have been frequently reported in patients with double RCA, this likely reflects that the patients were evaluated for chest pain rather than the predisposition to atherosclerosis in double RCA. Paralleling the increased awareness of this entity and the availability of non-invasive and cost-effective imaging of the coronary arteries, the diagnosis of double RCA has increased recently. Here, we present a case of double RCA diagnosed by coronary computed tomographic angiography, and provide a mini-review on the demography, anatomic variants, and clinical significance of double RCA.
RESUMO
Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but highly lethal (â¼60%) mechanical complication of myocardial infarction (MI). Although surgical repair has been the gold standard to correct the structural anomaly, percutaneous closure of the defect may represent a valuable therapeutic alternative, with the advantage of immediate shunt reduction to prevent further hemodynamic deterioration in patients with prohibitive surgical risk. Nonetheless, catheter-based VSR closure has faced certain drawbacks that have hampered its application. We describe a clinical case of postinfarction VSR treated with a percutaneous closure device and discuss the procedure's failure mechanism. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
RESUMO
Coronary artery fistulas are rare coronary abnormalities. Most of these fistulas have a congenital origin, and only a few are acquired. We report the case of a patient with late-acquired multiple coronary fistulas secondary to a stab wound, diagnosed in the setting of ischemic heart failure secondary to coronary steal syndrome. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
RESUMO
ST-segment elevation in aVR has traditionally been used for electrocardiographic identification of left main coronary artery (LM) myocardial infarction. We present two ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cases with acute total occlusion of the LM without aVR ST-segment elevation. This report reviews the different electrocardiographic discriminators suggestive of unprotected LM STEMI. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
RESUMO
Intramural coronary hematoma (IMCH) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI). We aim to review the current knowledge and share our experience with the diagnosis and management of a patient presenting with traumatic IMCH leading to an acute ST-segment elevation MI. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
RESUMO
We identified a plasma signature of 11 C14 to C26 ceramides and 1 C16 dihydroceramide predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, those with recent AMI, compared with those without recent AMI, showed a significant increase in 5 of the signature's 12 ceramides in plasma but not simultaneously-biopsied aortic tissue. In contrast, a rat AMI model, compared with sham control, showed a significant increase in myocardial concentrations of all 12 ceramides and up-regulation of 3 ceramide-producing enzymes, suggesting ischemic myocardium as a possible source of this ceramide signature.
Assuntos
Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Eletrocardiografia , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Idoso , Bloqueio de Ramo/complicações , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Single right coronary artery, so defined because all three coronary arteries arise from the single right aortic sinus of Valsalva, is an extremely rare entity occurring in less than 0.03% of the population. This case identifies a single coronary artery with the left anterior descending coronary artery distally connected to the left pulmonary artery with development of pulmonary hypertension. To the author's knowledge, this has never been documented in the English literature.
La arteria coronaria derecha única, definida así porque las tres arterias coronarias salen de un solo seno aórtico derecho de Valsalva, es una entidad extremadamente rara, que ocurre en menos de 0.03% de la población. Este caso identifica una arteria coronaria única con la arteria coronaria descendente anterior izquierda, conectada de forma distal a la arteria pulmonar izquierda con desarrollo de hipertensión pulmonar. Hasta donde el autor conoce, un caso como éste no ha sido nunca reportado en la literatura existente en inglés.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Seio Aórtico/anormalidades , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários , Síndrome de Bland-White-Garland/diagnóstico , Angiografia Coronária , Síndrome de Bland-White-Garland/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologiaRESUMO
La anatomía normal de las arterias coronarias incluye una serie de variantes respecto a su origen, distribución y recorrido, que hacen que no existan 2 pacientes con coronarias exactamente iguales. La arteria descendente anterior puede tener variantes anatómicas que no afectan el aporte normal de sangre al territorio miocárdico correspondiente. En nuestros 25 años de trabajo y más de 11,000 coronariografías realizadas, sólo habíamos encontrado un paciente con un doble sistema, tipo IV, de la arteria descendente anterior. En este artículo mostramos el caso de una paciente con la anomalía coronaria descrita que presentaba, además, una estenosis severa de la arteria circunfleja que fue tratada exitosamente por vía percutánea. También, se propone una actualización de la clasificación de Spindola-Franco, donde se mantienen los 4 tipos originales y se añaden 7 variantes anatómicas o subtipos.
The normal anatomy of coronary arteries includes a kind of variants with regard to its origin, distribution and route, which makes that 2 patients do not have coronary arteries exactly alike. Left anterior descending artery could have anatomical variations that do not affect the normal supply of blood to the corresponding myocardial territory. In our 25 years of experience, and more than 11,000 coronary angiographies, we have found only one patient with a type IV Classification; dual left anterior descending coronary artery. In this article we show the case of a patient with the described coronary anomaly, presenting a severe stenosis of the circumflex artery which was successfully treated percutaneously. Besides, a proposal for updating the classification of Spindola-Franco is made, where the 4 types previously described were kept invariable, and 7 anatomical variants or subtypes were added.