RESUMO

Soybean hulls are lignocellulosic residuesgeneratedinthe industrial processing of soybean, representing about 5 % of the mass of the whole bean. This by-product isan importantsource of polymers suchas cellulose(34 %) and hemicellulose (11 %),which could bevalorizedvia biotechnology to improvethe economic returnof the oilseed chain. In the present work,soybean hulls were evaluated as a carbon sourcefor biolipid productionbyLipomycesstarkeyi LPB 53. Initially the hulls were treated physicochemically and enzymatically to obtain fermentable sugars. Subsequently, biomass growth was evaluated using different nitrogen sources andthe lipid production was optimized, reaching a maximum cell biomass concentration of 26.5 g/L with 42.5 % of lipids. Around 65 % of the xylose content was consumed.The obtained oil wasmajorlycomposed of oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and stearic fatty acids in a proportion of 54 %, 32 %, 4 %, 3 % and 2 %, respectively.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the action of commercial and non-commercial cellulases and pectinases in the hydrolysis of soybean hulls (SH) and corn stover and cobs (CSC), the effect of temperature and agitation on the lignocellulosic substrate hydrolysis and the bromatological characteristics of hydrolyzed substrates. The effect of pretreatment on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues and bromatological analysis were also evaluated. The highest hydrolytic activity occurred at 300 rpm for SH (47.95 and 51.43% for cellulase and pectinase, respectively) and at 350 rpm for CSC (26.05 and 9.23% for cellulase and pectinase, respectively). Non-commercial enzymes achieved 7.26-30% of the amount of hydrolysis obtained with commercial enzymes, on the same substrates. Pretreatment with 7.5% of NaOH and a particle size of the substrate of 0.5 mm significantly increased the hydrolysis of SH and CSC for both enzymes. The bromatological characteristics showed that soybean hulls hydrolyzed with both commercial cellulase and pectinase have potential for large-scale use in animal feed production.

RESUMO: Foram avaliadas a ação de celulases e pectinases comerciais e não comerciais na hidrólise de casca de soja (CS) e palha e espigas de milho (PEM), o efeito da temperatura e da agitação na hidrólise do substrato lignocelulósico e as características bromatológicas dos substratos hidrolisados. O efeito do pré-tratamento na hidrólise de resíduos lignocelulósicos e a análise bromatológica também foram avaliados. A maior atividade hidrolítica ocorreu a 300 rpm para CS (47,95 e 51,43% para celulase e pectinase, respectivamente) e a 350 rpm para PEM (26,05 e 9,23% para celulase e pectinase, respectivamente). As enzimas não comerciais atingiram 7,26-30% da quantidade de hidrólise obtida com as enzimas comerciais, nos mesmos substratos. O pré-tratamento com 7,5% de NaOH e um tamanho de partícula do substrato de 0,5 mm aumentou significativamente a hidrólise de CS e PEM para ambas as enzimas. As características bromatológicas mostraram que a casca de soja hidrolisada com celulase e pectinase comercial tem potencial para uso em larga escala na produção de ração animal.

RESUMO

Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in the production of antibacterial products, being often found in wastewater. Therefore, this study developed new materials via soybean hulls (SBHF) and açaí seeds (AÇSF) functionalization with iron oxide nanoparticles to be applied in the TCS adsorption. The characterization confirmed the functionalization of the materials. The adsorption results indicated that the equilibrium of the process occurred after 480 and 960 min for SBHF and AÇSF, respectively. The maximum adsorptive capacity values were 158.35 and 155.09 mg g-1 for SBHF and AÇSF, respectively, at 318 K. The kinetic and isothermal data better fitted to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. Thermodynamics indicated that the processes had an endothermic, spontaneous, and reversible character. The main adsorption mechanisms were H-bond and π-interactions. The pH and ionic strength studies indicated that the adsorption efficiency has not been reduced pronouncedly. The biosorbents reuse was effective for five cycles. In the synthetic mixture, the removal rate was satisfactory (92.53% and 57.02%, respectively for SBHF and AÇSF). These results demonstrate the biosorbents high potential for large-scale application.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. For this reason, the development of new therapies is still essential. In this work we have analyzed the antitumor potential of levoglucosenone, a chiral building block derived from the pyrolysis of cellulose-containing materials such as soybean hulls, and three structurally related analogues. Employing human and murine mammary cancer models, we have evaluated the effect of our compounds on cell viability through MTS assay, apoptosis induction by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and/or flow cytometry and the loss of mitochondrial potential by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester staining. Autophagy and senescence induction were also evaluated by Western blot and ß-galactosidase activity respectively. Secreted metalloproteases activity was determined by quantitative zymography. Migratory capacity was assessed by wound healing assays while invasive potential was analyzed using Matrigel-coated transwell chambers. In vivo studies were also performed to evaluate subcutaneous tumor growth and experimental lung colonization. All compounds impaired in vitro proliferation with IC50 values in a range of low micromolar. Apoptosis was identified as the main mechanism responsible for the reduction of monolayer cell content induced by the compounds without detecting modulations of autophagy or senescence processes. Two of the four compounds (levoglucosenone and its brominated variant) were able to modulate in vitro events associated with tumor progression, such as migratory potential, invasiveness, and proteases secretion. Furthermore, tumor volume and metastatic spread were significantly reduced in vivo after the treatment these two compounds. Here, we could obtain from soybean hulls, a material with almost no commercial value, a variety of chemical compounds useful for breast cancer treatment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Soybean is one of the major world crops, with an annual production of 359 million tons. Each ton of processed soybean generates 50-80 kg of soybean hulls (SHs), representing 5-8% of the whole seed. Due to environmental concerns and great economic potential, the search of SHs re-use solutions are deeply discussed. The lignocellulosic composition of SHs has attracted the attention of the scientific and productive sector. Recently, some studies have reported the use of SHs in the production of medium to high value-added molecules, with potential applications in food and feed, agriculture, bioenergy, and other segments. This review presents biotechnological approaches and processes for the management and exploitation of SHs, including pre-treatment methods and fermentation techniques, for the production of different biomolecules. Great potentialities and innovations were found concerning SH exploration and valorisation of the soybean chain under a biorefinery and circular bioeconomy optic.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to develop optimized enzyme cocktails, containing native and recombinant purified enzymes from five fungal species, for the saccharification of alkali- and acid-pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SBH) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). Basic cellulases were represented by cellobiohydrolase I (CBH) and endo-glucanase II (EG) from Penicillium verruculosum and ß-glucosidase (BG) from Aspergillus niger. Auxiliary enzymes were represented by endo-xylanase A (Xyl), pectin lyase (PNL) and arabinoxylanhydrolase (AXH) from Penicillium canescens, ß-xylosidase (BX) from Aspergillus japonicus, endo-arabinase (ABN) from A. niger and arabinofuranosidase (Abf) from Aspergillus foetidus. Enzyme loads were 5 mg protein/g dry substrate (basic cellulases) and 1 mg/g (each auxiliary enzyme). The best choice for SCB and EFB saccharification was alkaline pretreatment and addition of Xyl + BX, AXH + BX or ABN + BX + Abf to basic cellulases. For SBH, acid pretreatment and basic cellulases combined with ABN + BX + Abf or Xyl + BX performed better than other enzyme preparations.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Asthma epidemics have been shown to be related to where soybeans are loaded and handled, but data are scarce in the literature. This pilot study evaluated the levels of Gly m 1 in dust samples collected in Maringá, Brazil, a city with high soy production and processing. A dust impactor was used to collect seven isolated samples during 2015 and 2016. Samples were analyzed by an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detection method. Gly m 1 was found in all samples, ranging from 0.82-24.38 ng/m3 (median 2.41), regardless of the month or year evaluated. The levels of Gly m 1 were considered low, but the concentrations required to cause sensitization and symptoms are uncertain.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) by Pantoea agglomerans strain BL1 was investigated using soybean hull hydrolysate as substrate in batch reactors. The cultivation media consisted of a mixture of xylose, arabinose, and glucose, obtained from the hemicellulosic fraction of the soybean hull biomass. We evaluated the influence of oxygen supply, pH control, and media supplementation on the growth kinetics of the microorganism and on 2,3-BD production. P. agglomerans BL1 was able to simultaneously metabolize all three monosaccharides present in the broth, with average conversions of 75% after 48 h of cultivation. The influence of aeration conditions employed demonstrated the mixed acid pathway of 2,3-BD formation by enterobacteria. Under fully aerated conditions (2 vvm of air), up to 14.02 g L-1 of 2.3-BD in 12 h of cultivation were produced, corresponding to yields of 0.53 g g-1 and a productivity of 1.17 g L-1 h-1, the best results achieved. These results suggest the production potential of 2,3-BD by P. agglomerans BL1, which has been recently isolated from an environmental consortium. The present work proposes a solution for the usage of the hemicellulosic fraction of agroindustry biomasses, carbohydrates whose utilization are not commonly addressed in bioprocess.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to develop a new production, recovery and formulation process of gibberellic acid (GA3). Low-cost byproducts - citrus pulp (CP) and soybean hulls (SH) - were employed as substrate for GA3 production by Gibberella fujikuroi in semisolid fermentation. A CP/SH mixture (70%/30%) promoted high productivities both in bubble column reactor (1.66 mg L/h), and in stirred tank reactor (2.13 mg L/h). GA3 production medium cost (US$ 6.70/m3) was reduced by 85% when compared to previously reported synthetic media (US$ 44.96/m3). It was described that GA3 fermented extract has low stability, and that liquid and powder formulation of the fermented extract maintained the biomolecule activity over 6 months. Alginate and alginate/kefiran beads containing GA3 showed encapsulation efficiency of 70% and 60%, respectively. This work supports good perspectives for GA3 production using cheap substrates and simple formulation of clarified extract to favour its use in agricultural countries.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fiber source levels on the fecal ammonia nitrogen, growth performance, carcass traits, gastrointestinal tract development, and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 420 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly divided into 5 groups, each with seven replicates of twelve chicks. Rice hulls (RH) and soybean hulls (SH) were ground through a hammer mill with a 2-mm screen. The RH and SH experimental diets were as follows: 0% (control); 2.5% RH; 2.5% SH; 5% RH; and 5% SH. No significant differences were found in growth performance and fecal ammonia nitrogen among the dietary treatment groups (p>0.05). Compared with the control, the experimental diets with 2.5% SH significantly decreased the wing weight of chickens (p 0.05), while no significant differences in the weight of the other visceral organs were observed. Compared with the control, broilers in the 5% SH group had a longer jejunum and ileum (p 0.05). Feeding the broilers SH and RH had no effect on the villus area and crypt depth of the intestine. Compared with the control, the experimental diet with 2.5% RH significantly increased the duodenal villus height of chickens (p 0.05). These findings suggest that the inclusion of 5% SH in the diets resulted in improved intestinal morphology without negatively affecting growth performance and carcass traits.

Assuntos