RESUMO
Young neurons in the adult brain are key to some types of learning and memory. They integrate in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus contributing to such cognitive processes following timely developmental events. While experimentally impairing GABAergic transmission through the blockade or elimination of the ionic cotransporter NKCC1 leads to alterations in the proper maturation of young neurons, it is still unknown if the in vivo administration of common use diuretic drugs that block the cotransporter, alters the development of young hippocampal neurons and affects DG-related functions. In this study, we delivered chronically and intracerebroventricularly the NKCC1 blocker bumetanide to young-adult rats. We analyzed doublecortin density and development parameters (apical dendrite length and angle and dendritic arbor length) in doublecortin positive neurons from different subregions in the DG and evaluated the performance of animals in contextual fear learning and memory. Our results show that in bumetanide-treated subjects, doublecortin density is diminished in the infra and suprapyramidal blades of the DG; the length of primary dendrites is shortened in the infrapyramidal blade and; the growth angle of primary dendrites in the infrapyramidal blade is different from control animals. Behaviorally, treated animals showed the typical learning curve in a contextual fear task, and freezing-time displayed during contextual fear memory was not different from controls. Thus, in vivo icv delivery of bumetanide negatively alters DCX density associated to young neurons and its proper development but not to the extent of affecting a DG dependent task as aversive context learning and memory.
RESUMO
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con el propósito de constatar la inserción de la bioética desde la perspectiva de la transversalidad curricular en las unidades curriculares de la carrera Odontología de la Universidad del Zulia, durante el periodo académico anual 2010, a través de la presencia de contenidos y objetivos bioéticos y relacionando los objetivos generales de la carrera con los terminales de las unidades curriculares. Se trata de un diseño de investigación de fuente documental, transeccional, contemporáneo y univariable; la población de estudio estuvo conformada por las unidades curriculares del primero al quinto año de la carrera; la muestra fue de tipo censal. Se emplearon técnicas de revisión documental. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS, versión 14. Al analizar los resultados se observó que el 80% de los programas de las asignaturas no presentan contenidos bioéticos, sólo el 20% lo expresa como propósito de la unidad curricular, el 27,5% como objetivo general de la asignatura, el 30% como objetivos terminales, el 10% de las materias presentan objetivos específicos actitudinales, el 12,5% lo presentan cognitivos y el 10% de naturaleza procedimental. En conclusión, la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Zulia presenta la bioética como eje transversal, sin embargo, aun no se observa la inserción plena de la misma en todas las unidades curriculares del Pensum de Estudio
Descriptive research was conducted in order to verify the inclusion of bioethics from the perspective of the transversal axis in the curricular units of the Dentistry School of the University of Zulia, during the academic year 2010, through of contents and bioethical objectives, relating the generals and teminals objectives of the curricular units. The design of research was created from a mixed-source (field and documentary), transactional univariate contemporary, the study population consisted of curriculum units from first to fifth year of the carrer of dentistry, the sample was of census type, were used techniques of document review and interview. For data processing we used the statistical program SPSS, version 14. The analysis of the results showed that 80% of programs have no bioethical contents, only 20% expresses them as the purpose of the curricular unit, 27,5% expresses them as general objectives, 30% as terminal objectives, 10% of the subjects as attitudinal specific objectives, 12,5% has cognitive objectives and 10% procedural. In conclusion, Dentistry School of the University of Zulia presents the bioethics as a transversal axis, however, still is not observed the full insertion of the same in all curricular units of study Pensum