RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplementation has endurance and resistance exercise benefits; however, if these short-term performance benefits translate into chronic benefits when combined with resistance training is currently unknown. This study investigated changes of chronic Capsiate supplementation on muscular adaptations, inflammatory response and performance in untrained men. METHODS: Twenty untrained men were randomized to ingest 12 mg Capsiate (CAP) or placebo in a parallel, double-blind design. Body composition and performance were measured at pre-training and after 6 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise session test was performed pre and post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at rest and post-resistance exercise to analyze Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Soluble TNF- receptor (sTNF-r), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS: Exercise and CAP supplementation increased fat-free mass in comparison to baseline by 1.5 kg (P < 0.001), however, the majority of the increase (1.0 kg) resulted from an increase in total body water. The CAP change scores for fat-free mass were significantly greater in comparison to the placebo (CAP ∆%= 2.1 ± 1.8 %, PLA ∆%= 0.7 ± 1.3 %, P = 0.043) and there was a significant difference between groups in the bench press exercise (P = 0.034) with greater upper body strength change score for CAP (∆%= 13.4 ± 9.1 %) compared to placebo (∆%= 5.8 ± 5.2 %), P = 0.041. CAP had no effect on lower body strength and no supplementation interactions were observed for all cytokines in response to acute resistance exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic Capsiate supplementation combined with resistance training during short period (6 weeks) increased fat-free mass and upper body strength but not inflammatory response and performance in young untrained men.
Assuntos
Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Corporal/metabolismo , Capsaicina/administração & dosagem , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fluoride compounds are abundant and widely distributed in the environment at a variety of concentrations. Further, fluoride induces toxic effects in target organs such as the liver and kidney. In this study, we performed an early analysis of renal function using a clearance technique in Wistar rats acutely exposed to fluoride at a plasma concentration of 0.625 µg/ml. Our results revealed that fluoride, at a concentration close to the concentration present in the serum after environmental exposure, induced a significant tubular dysfunction, resulting in diluted urine, impaired protein reabsorption, and increased calcium and phosphate urinary excretion. Our work demonstrates that even acute exposures to low concentrations of NaF may induce renal damage and confirms that, after exposure, the kidney participates directly in the calcium and phosphate deficiencies observed in fluoride-exposed populations.
Assuntos
Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Fluoreto de Sódio/toxicidade , Animais , Pressão Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/sangue , Cálcio/urina , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Testes de Função Renal , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Fosfatos/sangue , Fosfatos/urina , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The perioperative infusion of 2 L of saline is associated with weight gain and decreased serum albumin and hematocrit. We hypothesized that these parameters would respond differently to oral administration and intravenous infusion of saline solution. METHODS: This was a crossover study that included 10 healthy young men (ages 18-26 years). At two times, 8 weeks apart, the participants were randomized to receive 2 L of 0.9% saline over 1 h by intravenous (IV) administration to a forearm vein or by oral intake. The participants were weighed and body masses were calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed with a single-frequency device using tetrapolar distal limb electrodes. Blood samples were collected 1 h after the administration period for laboratory assays: hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood glucose, serum electrolytes, albumin, creatinine, osmolality. RESULTS: There was an increase in body weight (p<0.01), total body water (p<0.01), and lean body mass (p<0.01) after the experiment in both groups, with no difference between them. The volume of urine output was similar in the two experiments. The hemoglobin (oral group from 14.4±0.8 g/dl to 13.8±0.8 g/dl; IV group from 14.4±0.6 g/dl to 12.6±0.6 g/dl) and hematocrit (oral group from 43.2±1.8% to 43.2±2.8%; IV group from 43.6±2.2% to 40.0±2.6%) significantly decreased (p<0.01) with IV saline. Serum albumin remained stable after oral intake but significantly decreased (p=0.04) after IV infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Oral intake of 2 L of 0.9% saline results in minimal variations in serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit when compared to IV infusion of the same volume.
Assuntos
Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Soluções para Reidratação/administração & dosagem , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Cross-Over , Hematócrito , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Soluções Isotônicas , Masculino , Soluções para Reidratação/farmacologia , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Water is an important factor on the appearance and function of the skin and, when dehydrated, it becomes rough and flaky. The measurement of stratum corneum hydration is widely employed to verify the moisture effect of topical products. AIMS: This study has evaluated in vivo the stratum corneum hydration, by the electrical measurements of skin, after treatment with different moisturizers presented in gel base. MoistureMeter and Corneometer were used as bio-instruments. Urea, the herbal extract (Imperata cylindrical), the NMF components and the carbohydrate derivate compound (xylityglucoside, anhydroxylitol, and xylitol) were used as the active substances. METHODS: The study protocol was carried out according to the three-factor factorial design. The gels were applied on both forearms of eight female volunteers. However, each volunteer had one untreated skin area as the skin moisture control. The electrical capacitance of the skin was measured by both instruments in different times: after application (0 time), 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min. RESULTS: Gel base, gel containing herbal extract, and gel containing NMF components statistically have equal moisture effect measurements, according to both bio-instruments. However, the values obtained for urea, carbohydrate derivate compound, and untreated skin (control) have statically different results in both devices. CONCLUSION: The gel containing urea and the carbohydrate derivate compound gel have promoted the most intense moisture effect compared with the other formulations. The measurements of hydration between the devices generated different absolute values; however, the statistical analysis has shown similar precision among the measurements.
Assuntos
Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Química Farmacêutica , Intervalos de Confiança , Capacitância Elétrica , Epiderme/metabolismo , Feminino , Antebraço , Resposta Galvânica da Pele , Humanos , Hidrogéis/metabolismo , Probabilidade , Valores de Referência , Estudos de Amostragem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , Absorção Cutânea/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: This open-label, randomized study evaluated the effect of two different oral contraceptives on body weight and composition during one cycle of treatment. METHOD: Eighty women (mean age, 24.6 years) were randomized into three groups and given one of the following contraceptive methods: ethinylestradiol 15 mug/gestodene 60 mug (EE/GST, n=25), ethinylestradiol 30 mug/drospirenone 3 mg (EE/DRS, n=29) or male condom (control group, n=26). Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was carried out on the first, 10th and 21st days during the use of oral contraceptives or in the menstrual cycle (control group), and total body water (TBW), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured. RESULTS: No significant variations in TBW, FM or FFM were observed in the three groups during the cycle. Intergroup analysis showed no differences in TBW or FM; however, users of EE/GST showed a statistically significant increase in FFM compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The different doses of ethinylestradiol associated with gestodene or drospirenone showed no statistically significant effects on TBW or FM during one cycle of observation.
Assuntos
Androstenos/administração & dosagem , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Anticoncepcionais Orais/farmacologia , Etinilestradiol/administração & dosagem , Norpregnenos/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Impedância Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Tea (Camellia sinensis) has been used for centuries as a medical drink. Around two-thirds of the world's population drink tea. It is originated from southern China and entensive cultivated in Asia and in central African countries. Tea can be grouped into three main types, black, oolong, and green tea. Green tea is not fermented and is a major beverage consumed in Asian countries. Green tea is produced from freshly harvest leaves of the tea plant and they contain water, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and polyphenols of the flavonoid type. The major flavonoids in green tea are catechins which constitute about one third of its total dry weight. The major catechin present is epigallocatechin gallate (>50%). New data have increased the interest in green tea or its catechins and its role in treatment of cardiovascular disease (CHD) risk factors. The aim of the present paper is to review some studies that have found a relationship between green tea and CHD risk factors. From some of them it can be summarized that of green tea and its catechins consumptions (i) decrease body weight by interfering within the sympathoadrenal system and fatty acid synthesis, (ii) decrease cholesterol absorption and plasma levels, (iii) have strong free radical-scavenging activity inhibiting LDL oxidation, (iv) reduce the adhesion molecule expression, (v) have antitrombotic activities by inhibiting platelet aggregation and (vi) decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The positive effects found suggest that a daily intake of 7 cups of green tea (3.5 g catechins) is a good choose for CHD prevention; however, it is still necessary more studies to check the action of the green tea and its catechins in humans in order to recommended its use in the general population or only in target subjects.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Camellia sinensis/química , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Catequina/farmacologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Chá/química , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Chá/classificaçãoRESUMO
The ultrastructural changes produced in the upper mesophyl cells of Spirodela intermedia W. Koch, by the inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the nutrient solution, are related to the degree of the osmotically-induced water shortage. The ultrastructural characteristics of the -0.08 MPa treated fronds differed from the untreated ones in the form of the chloroplasts. PEG up to -0.20 MPa induced considerable cell structural disorganization as the swelling, breaking and disappearance of the outer membrane of the chloroplasts and the breakdown of the tonoplast into small vesicles.
Assuntos
Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/ultraestrutura , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Corporal/fisiologia , Desidratação , Organelas/efeitos dos fármacos , Organelas/metabolismo , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The ultrastructural changes produced in the upper mesophyl cells of Spirodela intermedia W. Koch, by the inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the nutrient solution, are related to the degree of the osmotically-induced water shortage. The ultrastructural characteristics of the -0.08 MPa treated fronds differed from the untreated ones in the form of the chloroplasts. PEG up to -0.20 MPa induced considerable cell structural disorganization as the swelling, breaking and disappearance of the outer membrane of the chloroplasts and the breakdown of the tonoplast into small vesicles.(AU)
Assuntos
Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/ultraestrutura , Privação de Água/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Corporal/fisiologia , Organelas/efeitos dos fármacos , Organelas/metabolismo , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Intragastric administration of clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, macroscopically protected the rat gastric mucosa from 96% ethanol-induced lesions. This protective effect was dose-dependent, the reduction being 92.3, 81.4, 52.2, and 5.4% at doses of 400, 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Clarithromycin protection was not significantly modified by pretreatment with either subcutaneous indomethacin (5 mg/kg), a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or iodoacetamide (100 mg/kg), a specific sulfhydryl blocker. Gastric motor activity, measured by the balloon method, was inhibited by clarithromycin in a dose-dependent fashion. The inhibited gastric motor activity induced by clarithromycin was not modified by pretreatment with either indomethacin or iodoacetamide. Ethanol (1 ml/rat, gavage needle) induced hemorrhagic bandlike lesions in the mucosa of the glandular stomach along the long axis of the greater curvature with the occurrence of a complete inhibition of gastric motor activity. This inhibition was not modified by pretreatment with clarithromycin, indomethacin, or iodoacetamide. There was an increase in the fluid volume for clarithromycin at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg at 30 min and in the mucus volume only for clarithromycin at 400 mg/kg at 30 min. Gastric mucosal blood flow was absent in the ethanol-induced lesions but in the nonlesion areas was the same in clarithromycin-pretreated and vehicle-pretreated rats as in control (no ethanol) rats. Clarithromycin protection was significantly diminished, although not completely abolished by subcutaneous yohimbine (5 mg/kg), a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Yohimbine also significantly reduced both basal and clarithromycin-stimulated gastric mucus secretion. Our data support the conclusion that the protective effect of intragastric clarithromycin was not mediated by endogenous prostaglandins, sulfhydryl compounds of the gastric mucosa, or changes in the gastric contractile patterns. The protection may be the result of an increase in both the fluid volume and the mucus volume retained in the gastric lumen. alpha2-Adrenoceptors possibly are involved by the mucus-dependent mechanism.