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Triclosan (TCS) is an antibacterial compound used mainly in personal care products. Its widespread use for decades has made it one of the most widely detected compounds in environmental matrices and in biological fluids. Although it has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor in rats and aquatic species, its safe use by humans is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to TCS in female rats. To this end, 14 rats were divided into two groups and fed daily as follows: the control group with sesame oil and the TCS group at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Any signs of toxicity in the rats were observed daily, and the weight and phase of the estrous cycle were recorded. At the end, the rats were decapitated, the serum and ovaries were collected. The levels of testosterone and progesterone in serum were determined by immunoassay and mass spectrometry. Estradiol (in serum) and kisspeptin-10 (in serum and ovary) were measured only by immunoassays. Trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The weight gain study of the rats showed a significant decrease by exposure to TCS, while the estrous cycle was not significantly affected compared to the control. The optimized methods based on mass spectrometry showed a significant decrease in the levels of progesterone and testosterone due to exposure to TCS. In addition, elements determined by ICP-MS in rat serum showed significant changes in calcium, lithium and aluminum due to TCS treatment. Finally, the kisspeptin-10 levels did not show a negative effect due to the treatment by TCS. The results suggest that medium-term exposure to TCS did not significantly alter estrous cyclicity but caused alterations in growth, sex hormone levels and some elements in the rat serum.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of oil pulling in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: A total of 62 patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as OSMF were incorporated in the present study. The subjects are randomly divided equally into two groups, Group A (oil pulling group) and Group B (placebo group). Subjects in Group A were asked to perform OP with sesame oil on an empty stomach in the morning for 3 months and Group B was given placebo capsules for 3 months. Assessment of various clinical parameters was done regularly, and data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Eighty-two percent had a habit of betel nut chewing, while 18% of the patients had tobacco chewing habits, which were among the main causative factors for OSMF. Clinical improvements in mouth opening, tongue protrusion, difficulty in speech and deglutition, and burning sensation were significant in the Group A. None of the patients reported any discomfort or side effects. The symptoms were not severe in nature and resolved in few days without stopping the therapy. Conclusion: Oil pulling can bring about significant clinical improvements in the symptoms like a mouth opening and tongue protrusion.

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Abstract Each year, the consumption of vegetable oils increases gradually. Some oils, such as chia, sesame, and quinoa, are consumed due to the nutritional properties and health promoters that have been recognized in their components. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to characterize chia (Salvia hispanica), sesame (Sesamum inducum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) oils, in order to enable their applications in the development of new food products. Chia oil presented higher degradation, as it stood out with higher amounts of free fatty acids (4.46%) and peroxide value (18.35 meq/kg). It is an oil that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (75.47%), and, consequently, with high refractive index (1,475) and iodine value (192.86 g/100 g). Quinoa oil stood out for its higher oxidative stability (17.55 h) and higher amount of phenolic compounds (190.84 mg/100 g). Sesame and quinoa oils showed no significant difference for carotenoids, but sesame oil had higher content of total tocopherols (656.50 mg/kg). Thus, the oils can be used in technological processes and/ or in the formulation of new food products, in order to their increase the nutritional value.

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Consumption of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is related to improvement in the inflammatory response associated with decreases in metabolic disorders of obesity, such as low-grade inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil is a primary source of n-3 fatty acids (FAs) of plant origin, particularly α-linolenic acid, and provides an alternative for the ingestion of n-3 PUFA by persons allergic to, or wishing to avoid, animal sources. In our study, we evaluated the effect of the consumption of different lipidic sources on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in Wistar rats. We split 56 male rats into four groups that were fed for 60 days with the following diets: sesame oil, (SO, Sesamum indicum), linseed oil (LO), SO + LO (SLO), and a control group (CG) fed with animal fat. Our results reveal that the use of LO or SLO produced improvements in the hepatic tissue, such as lower values of aspartate aminotransferase, liver weight, and hepatic steatosis. LO and SLO reduced the weight of visceral fats, weight gain, and mediated the inflammation through a decrease in interleukin (IL)-6 and increase in IL-10. Though we did not detect any significant differences in the intestine histology and the purinergic system enzymes, the consumption of α-linolenic acid appears to contribute to the inflammatory and hepatic modulation of animals compared with a diet rich in saturated FAs and or unbalanced in n-6/n-3 PUFAs, inferring possible use in treatment of metabolic disorders associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

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To date, most of studies have only focused on metabolic effects of dietary oils while recent evidence proposes that they can influence kidneys structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term consumption of olive, cottonseed and sesame oils on renal morphology in rats. 70 male Wistar rats randomly assigned into seven equal groups and treated with standard diet (control), the standard diet enriched with 10% or 20% (W/W) of either olive oil (OLI10%, OLI20%), cottonseed oil (COT10%, COT20%) or sesame oil (SES10%, SES20%) for 5 months. Quantitative features of the kidney including kidney and cortex volumes and the number of glomeruli were analyzed stereologically. Moreover, kidney sections histologically were evaluated. All of the studied oils in low concentration had no devastating effects on renal morphology and also its pathological features. However, only in SES20% group, kidney volume as well as, cortical volume was higher than the control group. Besides, accumulation of carbohydrate macromolecules and renal fibrosis were markedly increased in SES20% group compared to the control. The results suggest that sesame oil, especially at high concentration, may lead to renal deformities as a result of histopathological changes such as dilatation, fibrosis, and tubular defects.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, oxidative stress, and fatty acid profiles of lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) fed diets containing different lipid sources: soybean oil, linseed oil, and freshwater fish residue oil combined or otherwise with sesame oil (SEO). The fish (mean weight 0.95±0.46 g; mean length 4.21±2.77 cm) were distributed into 24 cages (cage capacity: 0.70 m3; fish density: 276 individuals m−3) in six treatments and four replicates. After 80 days of feeding, they were weighed, and samples were collected for assay of catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities in muscle and analysis of the fatty acid profiles of polar and neutral fractions of whole eviscerated fish. The addition of SEO reduced docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) levels but increased the percentage of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids and the DHA: eiocosapentaenoic acid ratio, while reduced GR and LDH enzyme activities in muscle. Thus, certain blends of oils added to fish diets can improve the lipid profile of lambari and protect consumers against reactive oxygen species.(AU)

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In this systematic review, we discuss the scientific evidence about the effect of dietary intake of seeds and sesame derivatives on lipid profile and blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive and dyslipidemic individuals. Clinical trials published in English, Portuguese or Spanish were searched on the following databases: Lilacs, PubMed, Isi Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Trip Data Base and Scielo. The bibliographic search period was started in September 2013 and ended in January 2014. The biases of risk analysis were carried out considering 6 of the 8 criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1. Of the 7 clinical trials included, five evaluating individuals with hypertension observed a significant reduction in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure. The two articles that evaluated individuals with dyslipidemia showed improvement in lipid profile. The mechanisms of action are still being studied. Regarding the bias risk analysis, clinical trials included showed few descriptions of the methods applied. There are few studies about sesame ingestion, and it was observed high risk for bias in the selected studies. More standardized methods with attention to the design of studies are needed to improve the level of the evidence.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different oil sources and alpha-lipoic acid levels on pacus performance, chemical composition of fillets and histological changes in the liver. Were used 480 pacu juveniles (3.35 ± 0.78 g), distributed in 24 experimental units (n = 20). Six treatments were delineated in a completely randomized design (CRD), in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three sources of oil (soybean, sesame and linseed) and two levels of alpha-lipoic acid (0 and 0.1 %), with four replications. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (5%). Diets containing linseed oil as the only lipid source provided better indices of final body weight and individual weight gain in pacu juveniles. Crude protein content was higher in fish fillets that fed diets without alpha-lipoic acid. Liver’s histology was not affected by the experimental diets. In conclusion, linseed oil improved final body weight and individual weight gain on pacus, and alpha-lipoic acid did not affect the performance of the animals, however its absence promoted higher levels of crude protein in fish fillets.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de óleos vegetais e níveis de ácido alfa-lipoico sobre o desempenho de pacus, composição química de filés e alterações histológicas no fígado. Foram utilizados 480 juvenis de pacu (3,35 ± 0,78 g), distribuídos em 24 unidades experimentais (n = 20). Foram testados seis tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), no esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três fontes de óleo (soja, gergelim e linhaça) e dois níveis de ácido alfa-lipoico (0e 0,1%), com quatro repetições. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (5%). As dietas contendo óleo de linhaça como única fonte lipídica proporcionaram melhores índices de peso médio e ganho de peso individual nos juvenis de pacu. O teor de proteína bruta foi maior nos filés dos peixes alimentados com as dietas sem ácido alfa-lipoico. Os fígados de juvenis de pacu não foram afetados pelas dietas experimentais. Conclui-se que o óleo de linhaça promoveu os melhores índices de peso médio e ganho de peso individual em pacus e o ácido alfa-lipoico não afetou o desempenho dos animais, mas a sua ausência promoveu maiores teores de proteína bruta nos filés dos pacus.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different oil sources and alpha-lipoic acid levels on pacus performance, chemical composition of fillets and histological changes in the liver. Were used 480 pacu juveniles (3.35 ± 0.78 g), distributed in 24 experimental units (n = 20). Six treatments were delineated in a completely randomized design (CRD), in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three sources of oil (soybean, sesame and linseed) and two levels of alpha-lipoic acid (0 and 0.1 %), with four replications. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test (5%). Diets containing linseed oil as the only lipid source provided better indices of final body weight and individual weight gain in pacu juveniles. Crude protein content was higher in fish fillets that fed diets without alpha-lipoic acid. Livers histology was not affected by the experimental diets. In conclusion, linseed oil improved final body weight and individual weight gain on pacus, and alpha-lipoic acid did not affect the performance of the animals, however its absence promoted higher levels of crude protein in fish fillets.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de óleos vegetais e níveis de ácido alfa-lipoico sobre o desempenho de pacus, composição química de filés e alterações histológicas no fígado. Foram utilizados 480 juvenis de pacu (3,35 ± 0,78 g), distribuídos em 24 unidades experimentais (n = 20). Foram testados seis tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), no esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três fontes de óleo (soja, gergelim e linhaça) e dois níveis de ácido alfa-lipoico (0e 0,1%), com quatro repetições. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (5%). As dietas contendo óleo de linhaça como única fonte lipídica proporcionaram melhores índices de peso médio e ganho de peso individual nos juvenis de pacu. O teor de proteína bruta foi maior nos filés dos peixes alimentados com as dietas sem ácido alfa-lipoico. Os fígados de juvenis de pacu não foram afetados pelas dietas experimentais. Conclui-se que o óleo de linhaça promoveu os melhores índices de peso médio e ganho de peso individual em pacus e o ácido alfa-lipoico não afetou o desempenho dos animais, mas a sua ausência promoveu maiores teores de proteína bruta nos filés dos pacus.(AU)

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