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INTRODUCTION: Dental anxiety is an important factor in influencing patients' decisions to access treatment. It is crucial dental care professionals understand its causative factors in order to prevent and manage it, particularly as dentally anxious patients often have poor oral health. This report is of an elective study that tried to ascertain whether children with signs of dental neglect suffered greater dental anxiety, as existing research suggests that anxiety can stem from previous experiences. METHOD: 100 children in both the United Kingdom and Peru were examined for signs of dental neglect using the PUFA (Pulpal exposures, Ulcers, Fistulas & Abscesses) system, and their anxiety levels surveyed with the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale. A Spearman's rank analysis was performed. RESULTS: Both groups showed similar disease levels, but Peruvian children were significantly less anxious. The r values (United Kingdom r=-0.020 Peru r=-0.0099) were less than rc=0.165 at a significance level of P=0.05, showing that increased dental neglect does not make children more anxious. DISCUSSION: It appears that having a neglected dentition as a child does not make you more anxious, but the resultant invasive treatment procedures likely to have been experienced as a child may have a role. Ultimately, cultural background and attitude to dental care are suggested as being more important in determining the dental anxiety levels of children.

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Oral lesions in the context of lupus erythematosus (LE) have long been described. However, definitive agreement on about the exact nature and correct classification of these manifestations is lacking in published studies. Controversy exists on the significance of oral LE lesions regarding patient outcome. In this article, medical and dental literature on clinical and histopathological aspects of oral LE lesions are reviewed and critically discussed. A clinico-pathological correlation of oral lesions (interface mucositis-lupus mucositis) with cutaneous lesions (interface dermatitis-lupus dermatitis) is established, for those represent the mucosal counterparts of cutaneous LE. Validity about widely used but imprecise terms such as "oral ulcers", "ulcerative plaques", and others, in the context of LE, is discussed, and the uncertain relationship of these alterations to systemic disease with a worse outcome is commented. Furthermore, insights about the nature, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of oral lesions in LE patients are presented.

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A mucosal ulcer is a breach in the epithelial continuity that results in the exposure of underlying connective tissue to the external environment. Mucosal erosion, on the other hand, is a shallow depression resulting from the loss of a few layers of epithelial cells. In erosive lesions the connective tissue is not exposed to the external environment. In dental practice oral mucosal ulcers and erosions are commonly encountered. Most ulcerative and a few erosive lesions are symptomatic and patients seek consultation for relief from discomfort and pain. Oral ulceration and erosion can result from several causes which may operate at local or systemic levels. Diagnosis of oral ulcerative and erosive lesions is not easy. This is because of the fact that ulcers, in particular, may often look clinically similar regardless of the differences in their causative factors. Some ulcers may also possess malignant potential or frank malignant features at the time of patient's first visit (AU)

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El propósito de este trabajo es describir un caso clínico de úlcera eosinofílica de la lengua en una mujer de 71 años y hacer énfasis en sus características clínicas e histológicas, así como en el diagnóstico diferencial con carcinoma epidermoide, cuyo tratamiento y pronóstico es diferente. Otras entidades con las que puede confundirse incluyen: tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, chancro, infiltración leucémica, linfoma, etc. Se destaca la importancia de la biopsia y el establecimiento del diagnóstico correcto

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Objective. The purpose of this open clinical trial and follow-up study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy of levamisole used with low-dose prednisolone in 30 patientes with oral lichen planus, 6 patients with erythema multiforme, 3 patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid, and 2 patients with early pemphigus vulgaris. Study design. All patients were given 150 mg/day of levamisole and 15 mg/day of prednisolone for 3 consecutive days each week, along with topically applied dexamethasone orobase (dexaltin). Results. Twenty-three patients showed dramatic remission of signs symptoms within 2 weeks; 18 patients experimenced partial remission. Forty patients reported significant pain relief, and almost none showed evidence of oral ulcerative lesions after 4 to 8 weeks of treatment. In contrat, 1 patient with oral lichen planus with allergy to levamisole reported a partial response from prednisolone alone. All 29 patients with oral lichen planus remained free from symptoms for more than 6 months. All 6 patients with erythema multiforme, all 3 patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid, and bot patients with pemphigus vulgaris also remained free from symptoms for 3 to 3 years. There were few side effects from the teatment; there applied dexaltin in the treatment of diffuse atrophic or ulcerative gingivitis. Conclusions. The addition of levamisole to prednisolone may produce improved results in the management of orosive lichen planus, erythema multiforme, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and early pemphigus vulgaris

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