RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of rituximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to treatments with MTX or TNFi agents. METHODS: We searched 6 databases until January 2023 for phase 2-4 RCTs evaluating patients with RA refractory to MTX or TNFi therapy treated with rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab (intervention arm) compared to controls. Study data were independently assessed by two investigators. The primary outcome was considered as achieving ACR70 response. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 19 RCTs, with 7,835 patients and a mean study duration of 1.2 years. Hazard ratios for achieving an ACR70 response at six months were not different among the bDMARDs, however, we found high heterogeneity. Three factors showing a critical imbalance among the bDMARD classes were identified: baseline HAQ score, study duration, and frequency of TNFi treatment in control arm. Multivariate meta-regression adjusted to these three factors were conducted for the relative risk (RR) for ACR70. Thus, heterogeneity was attenuated (I2 = 24%) and the explanatory power of the model increased (R2 = 85%). In this model, rituximab did not modify the chance of achieving an ACR70 response compared to abatacept (RR = 1.773, 95%CI 0.113-10.21, p = 0.765). In contrast, abatacept was associated with RR = 2.217 (95%CI 1.554-3.161, p < 0.001) for ACR70 compared to tocilizumab. CONCLUSION: We found high heterogeneity among studies comparing rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab. On multivariate metaregressions, if the conditions of the RCTs were similar, we estimate that abatacept could increase the chance of reaching an ACR70 response by 2.2-fold compared to tocilizumab.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide , Humanos , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Metanálise em Rede , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the distinct impact of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) combination and monotherapy in immune response to an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: This phase 4 prospective study analysed seroconversion (SC) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralising antibodies (NAb) induced by the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in patients with RA in comparison to controls (CG). Disease activity and treatment were also assessed. Only participants with baseline negative IgG/NAb were included. RESULTS: Patients with RA (N=260) and CG (N=104) had comparable median ages (59 years (50-65 years) vs 58 years (49.8-64 years), p=0.483). Patients with RA had moderate but lower SC (61.8% vs 94.2%, p<0.001) and NAb positivity (45% vs 78.6%, p<0.001) in comparison to CG after full vaccination. Baseline disease activity did not influence immunogenicity (p>0.05). After multivariate analyses, factors independently related to reduced SC were: older age (OR=0.79 (0.70-0.89) for each 5-year interval, p<0.001), methotrexate (OR=0.54 (0.29-0.98), p=0.044), abatacept (OR=0.37 (0.19-0.73), p=0.004) and number of DMARD (OR=0.55 (0.33-0.90), p=0.018). Regarding NAb, age (OR=0.87 (0.78-0.96) for each 5-year interval, p=0.007) and prednisone >7.5 mg/day (OR=0.38 (0.19-0.74), p=0.004) were negatively related to the presence of NAb. Further comparison of SC/NAb positivity among RA treatment subgroups and CG revealed that methotrexate/tofacitinib/abatacept/tocilizumab use, in monotherapy or in combination, resulted in lower responses (p<0.05), while tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and other conventional synthetic DMARD interfered solely when combined with other therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RA under DMARD have a moderate immunogenicity to CoronaVac. We identified that nearly all DMARD combinations have a deleterious effect in immunogenicity, whereas a more restricted number of drugs (methotrexate/tofacitinib/abatacept/tocilizumab) also hampered this response as monotherapy. These findings reinforce the need of a broader approach, not limited to specific drugs, to improve vaccine response for this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS: NCT04754698.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide , COVID-19 , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Resultado do Tratamento , Vacinas de Produtos InativadosAssuntos
Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim , Plasmaferese/métodos , Adulto , Protocolos Clínicos , Cálculos da Dosagem de Medicamento , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune disease in which treatment has evolved with a variety of therapeutic classes. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have improved therapy; however, the continued long-term use of these drugs with sustained safety and efficacy remains a challenge. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze time of use and reasons for discontinuation of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.SettingIt is as part of REAL (Rheumatoid Arthritis in Real Life), a multicenter project that evaluated Brazilian patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a real-life setting. Eleven referral centers for the treatment in the public network participated in the study.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the REAL study from August to October 2015 study. The patients were submitted to clinical evaluation and analysis of medical records.Results1125 patients were included (89.5% women; median age: 56.6 years; and disease time: 12.8 years). A total of 406 (36.09%) participants were on a biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Infliximab was the drug with the longest time of use (12 years). Most (64.4%) drug suspension episodes were due to inefficacy. Adalimumab and certolizumab had a greater number of suspensions due to primary inefficacy, while discontinuations for abatacept were due more to secondary inefficacy. Infliximab had fewer suspensions due to primary inefficacy and golimumab had fewer episodes of secondary inefficacy. Regarding side effects, infliximab was suspended a greater number of times because of clinical and laboratory side effects. Abatacept and adalimumab had fewer suspensions due to clinical side effects, and certolizumab, rituximab and tocilizumab had fewer laboratory adverse effects. Conclusion Among the biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs being used for long periods, infliximab had greater time of use. Most drug suspensions (64%) were due to primary or secondary inefficacy. Number of discontinuations due to clinical and laboratory adverse effects for each drug was analyzed, and these data should be confirmed by other real-life studies. Knowledge of what is happening in real life is essential to health professionals, who need to be aware of the most common adverse effects and to health managers, who aim for greater cost-effectiveness in the choice of medications.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Etanercepte/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
O Informe Diário de Evidências é uma produção do Ministério da Saúde que tem como objetivo acompanhar diariamente as publicações científicas sobre tratamento farmacológico e vacinas para a COVID-19. Dessa forma, são realizadas buscas estruturadas em bases de dados biomédicas, referentes ao dia anterior desse informe. Não são incluídos estudos pré-clínicos (in vitro, in vivo, in silico). A frequência dos estudos é demonstrada de acordo com a sua classificação metodológica (revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, coortes, entre outros). Para cada estudo é apresentado um resumo com avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Essa avaliação tem por finalidade identificar o grau de certeza/confiança ou o risco de viés de cada estudo. Para tal, são utilizadas ferramentas já validadas e consagradas na literatura científica, na área de saúde baseada em evidências. Cabe ressaltar que o documento tem caráter informativo e não representa uma recomendação oficial do Ministério da Saúde sobre a temática. Foram encontrados 14 artigos e 13 protocolos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Ganciclovir/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Oseltamivir/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 1/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Linezolida/uso terapêutico , Darunavir/uso terapêutico , Cobicistat/uso terapêutico , Interferon beta-1a/uso terapêutico , Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Etanercepte/uso terapêutico , Cefepima/uso terapêutico , Meropeném/uso terapêutico , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
O Informe Diário de Evidências é uma produção do Ministério da Saúde que tem como objetivo acompanhar diariamente as publicações científicas sobre tratamento farmacológico e vacinas para a COVID-19. Dessa forma, são realizadas buscas estruturadas em bases de dados biomédicas, referente ao dia anterior desse informe. Não são incluídos estudos pré-clínicos (in vitro, in vivo, in silico). A frequência dos estudos é demonstrada de acordo com a sua classificação metodológica (revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, coortes, entre outros). Para cada estudo é apresentado um resumo com avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Essa avaliação tem por finalidade identificar o grau de certeza/confiança ou o risco de viés de cada estudo. Para tal, são utilizadas ferramentas já validadas e consagradas na literatura científica, na área de saúde baseada em evidências. Cabe ressaltar que o documento tem caráter informativo e não representa uma recomendação oficial do Ministério da Saúde sobre a temática. Foram encontrados 17 artigos e 9 protocolos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Vacinas/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Fingolimode/uso terapêutico , Mesilato de Imatinib/uso terapêutico , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Abatacept is a biological agent that modulates T-cell costimulation by blocking CD28 signalling. This cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig fusion protein was approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a few case reports have revealed respiratory failure after abatacept treatment. In this report, we present a patient with RA who developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and who passed away 2 months after starting abatacept. A comprehensive analysis including radiology, blood examinations, infectious panel and flow cytometry lymphocyte analysis was done to determine the cause of respiratory failure. Since no infection was detected in this patient, an association between ARDS and abatacept is a strong possibility due to significant adverse reactions to the biological agent. Considering the rapid progression of respiratory failure after abatacept treatment in this report, we suggest that pulmonary function testing and lung structure evaluation be regarded throughout the early stage of treatment of patients with RA.
Assuntos
Abatacepte/efeitos adversos , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/induzido quimicamente , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
We recently reported that Tregs from long-term Belatacept-treated kidney transplant patients displayed an altered phenotype and impaired suppressive function compared to Tregs from healthy controls. However, it remains unknown whether ex vivo expansion of Tregs from patients who underwent long-term immunosuppression may be feasible to be used in their treatment. In this work, Tregs from Belatacept-treated patients were polyclonally expanded in vitro in the presence of rapamycin and IL-2. After four weeks of expansion, Tregs from patients expressed high levels of FOXP3, CD25, CTLA-4, Helios and CCR7, and showed strong suppressive activity, even in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, FOXP3 TSDR demethylation remained lower in expanded Tregs from Belatacept-treated patients compared to healthy control Tregs. These data suggest that ex vivo expansion of Tregs from patients undergoing long-term immunosuppression may require the use of epigenetic modifying agents to stabilize FOXP3 expression to be considered as treatment in kidney transplant patients.
Assuntos
Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Desmetilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Fenótipo , Sirolimo/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate long-term effects on gamma-globulins and autoantibodies of abatacept (ABA) versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHOD: Eighteen RA patients undergoing abatacept (ABA-RA) and 18 age/sex-matched patients treated with TNFi (TNFi-RA) were compared regarding clinical data, total gamma-globulins (TGG), specific subtypes (IgG, IgM, IgA), free light chains (FLC), IgM/IgG rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP3), and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV), assessed before and every 6 months, up to 24 months. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: previous abatacept/rituximab or low TGG (< 0.7 g/dL). RESULTS: At baseline, female sex (78 vs. 78%), age (55 vs. 53 years), DAS28 (5.73 vs. 5.67), TGG (1.4 vs. 1.35 g/dL), IgG (1168 vs. 1079 mg/dL), IgM (107 vs. 113 mg/dL), IgA (333 vs. 322 mg/dL), kappa (342 vs. 249 mg/dL), lambda (170 vs. 150 mg/dL), IgM-RF (76 vs. 53 UI), IgG-RF (63 vs. 25 UI), anti-CCP3 (216 vs. 189 UI), and anti-MCV (202 vs. 102 UI) were comparable in ABA-RA and TNFi-RA (p > 0.05). Similar disease activity improvement was observed in both groups. In ABA-RA, significant decreases (p < 0.05) were observed in TGG (1.4 vs. 1.05 g/dL), IgG (1168 vs. 997), IgA (333 vs. 278 mg/dL), kappa (342 vs. 257 mg/dL), lambda (170 vs. 144 mg/dL), IgM-RF (76 vs. 37 UI), IgG-RF (65 vs. 24 UI), anti-CCP3 (216 vs. 183 UI), and anti-MCV (202 vs. 60 UI) at 6 months, without further decreases. In contrast, TNFi-RA showed no decrease in any of such parameters. ABA-RA also had more often transient IgG levels under the lower limit of normality (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.046). No severe infection occurred. DAS28, ESR, and CRP correlated significantly to gamma-globulins and FLC at baseline (p < 0.05), but these correlations were longitudinally lost in ABA-RA, but not in TNFi-RA. CONCLUSION: ABA, but not TNFi, induces a safe, persistent, long-term, and non-progressive reduction in gamma-globulins and autoantibodies, including anti-MCV. This pattern is dissociated from disease activity control.Key Points⢠ABA induces a long-term and non-progressive reduction in gamma-globulins and FLC, which occurs regardless of disease activity control.⢠ABA-induced reduction in gamma-globulins and FLC promotes a dissociation of such parameters and disease activity.⢠The same pattern of reduction is observed in autoantibodies: IgM-RF, IgG-RF, anti-CCP3, and anti-MCV.⢠Low transient IgG can be observed in RA patients treated with ABA, but does not correlate to infection.