RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Elder abuse (EA), depressive symptoms, and loneliness represent a growing risk to the health, well-being, and premature mortality of older adults. However, the role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms has not yet been examined. AIMS: To investigate the associations between these constructs and to explore the possible mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older Mexican people. METHODS: A representative community-dwelling survey of older adults aged 60 and older was conducted in two cities in Mexico (Mexico City and Xalapa) in 2018-2019. Measurements of EA, loneliness, depressive symptoms, health, and sociodemographic data were collected. Regression and mediation models were tested to analyze the associations between these variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of EA was 16.3%, loneliness was 50%, and depressive symptoms were 25.5%. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depressive symptoms was 2.7 when the combined effects of EA and loneliness were considered. The proportion of the effect that could explain the mediating role of loneliness was 31%. CONCLUSION: To effectively reduce depressive symptoms in older individuals affected by emotional or psychological abuse and neglect, it is crucial to address both the mediating influence of loneliness and EA itself in therapeutic and preventive interventions.
Assuntos
Depressão , Abuso de Idosos , Solidão , Humanos , Solidão/psicologia , Idoso , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Masculino , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Vida Independente/psicologiaRESUMO
O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as representações sociais sobre a imagem da pessoa idosa associadas a pandemia de COVID-19 nas publicações do Instagram. Caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, com estratégia de investigação pautada no estudo de caso. Os dados consistiram em 19 memes publicados na internet na rede social Instagram por meio da busca aleatória do maior número possível de memes, a partir do buscador "idoso" e "quarentena". A partir da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin emergiram duas categorias analíticas: Categoria 1. Recolhimento/enclausuramento da pessoa idosa (52,63%) e Categoria 2. Impedimento/limitação da mobilidade das pessoas idosas fora de casa (47,37%). As representações sociais acerca da pessoa idosa publicadas nas redes sociais relacionadas ao caso da COVID-19 desvelaram um sentido negativo atribuído ao envelhecer e demonstram como há um processo de naturalização da estigmatização e invisibilidade da violência contra pessoas idosas. (AU)
The article aims to analyze the social representations of the image of the elderly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Instagram publications. It is characterized as an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with an investigation strategy based on the case study.The data consisted of 19 memes published on the internet on the social network Instagramthrough the random search of the largest possible number of memes, using the search engine "elderly" and "quarantine". From the Content Analysis Technique proposed by Bardin, two analytical categories emerged: Category 1. Withdrawal/enclosure of the elderly person (52.63%) and Category 2. Impediment/limitation of mobility of elderly people outside the home (47.37 %). The social representations about the elderly person published on social networks related to the case of COVID-19 revealed a negative meaning attributed to aging and demonstrate how there is a process of naturalization of stigmatization and invisibility of violence against the elderly. (AU)
El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales de la imagen del anciano asociado a la pandemia COVID-19 en publicaciones de Instagram. Se caracteriza por ser un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, con una estrategia de investigación basada en el estudio de caso. Los datos consistieron en 19 memes publicados en Internet en la red social Instagram através de la búsqueda aleatoria del mayor número posiblede memes, utilizando el motor de búsqueda "ancianos" y "cuarentena". De la Técnica de Análisis de Contenidos propuesta por Bardin surgieron dos categorías analíticas: Categoría 1. Retiro/encerramiento del anciano (52,63%) y Categoría 2. Impedimento/limitación de la movilidad de los ancianos fuera del hogar (47,37%). Las representaciones sociales sobre las personas mayores publicadas en las redes sociales relacionadas con el caso de COVID-19 revelaron un significado negativo atribuido al envejecimiento y demuestran cómo hay un proceso de naturalización de la estigmatización e invisibilidad de la violencia contra las personas mayores. (AU)
Assuntos
Idoso/psicologia , Estigma Social , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/psicologia , Representação Social , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/psicologiaRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo analisar as representações sociais, para homens e mulheres idosos, acerca da violência na velhice. Método estudo qualitativo baseado no referencial teórico-metodológico das representações sociais. Participaram 40 idosos usuários de Unidades de Saúde da Família em João Pessoa-PB, Brasil, através de entrevistas individuais, organizadas e submetidas ao software IRAMUTEQ, por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados a análise apontou cinco classes: Suscetibilidade da pessoa idosa; Prevenção da violência; Responsabilidade social; Expressão social da violência ao idoso; e Violência intrafamiliar. Os dados denotam que as representações da violência são expressas por fatores individuais, comunitários e relacionais/sociais, revelando algumas diferenças de gênero. Conclusões e implicações para a prática percebe-se que o gênero é elemento significativo nas representações. Enquanto os homens indicaram a necessidade de prevenção do fenômeno por meio da educação e responsabilização social, as mulheres apontaram noções subjetivas, incluindo abusos cometidos por familiares, e destacaram a relevância do profissional de saúde para a sua identificação. Tais aspectos apartam singularidades que carecem de um olhar apurado da enfermagem e demais profissionais das equipes da atenção básica, reconhecendo possíveis casos, notificando-os e agindo intersetorialmente para a interrupção das situações verificadas.
Resumen Objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales, de hombres y mujeres mayores, sobre la violencia en la vejez. Método estudio cualitativo basado en el referencial teórico-metodológico de las representaciones sociales. Los participantes fueron 40 personas mayores usuarios de Unidades de Salud de la Familia en João Pessoa-PB, Brasil, a través de entrevistas individuales, organizadas y enviadas al software IRAMUTEQ, por medio de la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados el análisis evidenció cinco clases: Susceptibilidad de los mayores; Prevención de la violencia; Responsabilidad social; Expresión social de la violencia contra los mayores; y Violencia intrafamiliar. Los datos muestran que las representaciones de la violencia son expresadas por factores individuales, comunitarios y relacionales/sociales, revelando algunas diferencias de género. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica se percibe que el género es un elemento significativo en las representaciones. Mientras los hombres señalaron la necesidad de prevenir el fenómeno a través de la educación y la responsabilidad social, las mujeres señalaron nociones subjetivas, incluyendo los abusos cometidos por familiares, y destacaron la relevancia del profesional de la salud para su identificación. Tales aspectos separan singularidades que carecen de una mirada certera por parte de la enfermería y demás profesionales de los equipos de atención primaria, reconociendo posibles casos, notificándolos y actuando intersectorialmente para interrumpir las situaciones verificadas.
Abstract Objective to analyze the social representations, for elderly men and women, about violence in old age. Method qualitative study based on the theoretical-methodological framework of social representations. Participants were 40 elderly users of Family Health Units in João Pessoa-PB, Brazil, through individual interviews, organized and submitted to the IRAMUTEQ software, concluded by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results the analysis pointed to five classes: Susceptibility of the elderly; Violence prevention; Social responsibility; Social expression of violence against the elderly; and Intrafamily violence. The data show that the representations of violence are expressed by individual, community and relational/social factors, revealing some gender differences. Conclusions and implications for practice it is clear that gender is a significant element in representations. While men indicated the need to prevent the phenomenon through education and social accountability, women pointed to subjective notions, including abuses committed by family members, and highlighting the relevance of the health professional for its identification. Such aspects separate out singularities that lack an accurate look from nursing and other professionals of the primary care teams, recognizing possible cases, notifying them and acting intersectorally to interrupt the situations verified.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Saúde do Idoso , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Representação Social , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Vulnerabilidade em Saúde , Violência de GêneroRESUMO
Este artigo aborda o luto por abandono e perdas na velhice, fundamentado na Teoria do Apego e na Psicologia do Luto. Consiste num estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, resultado da atuação num projeto de extensão realizado numa Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos de Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. Discute-se a caracterização do projeto EntreLAÇOS e o perfil do público atendido; o luto relacionado ao envelhecimento, ao abandono e à institucionalização, bem como intervenções em luto com idosos institucionalizados. Evidencia diferenças no luto de si mesmo pela velhice e por abandono de acordo com suas especificidades, embora se observem semelhanças nas reações emocionais entre essas perdas.
Este artículo trata sobre el duelo por abandono y pérdidas en la vejez, basado en la teoría del apego y en la psicología del dolor. Consiste en un estudio descriptivo, del tipo de informe de experiencia, resultado del desempeño en un proyecto de extensión llevado a cabo en una institución a largo plazo para ancianos en Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. Se discute la caracterización del proyecto EntreLAÇOS y el perfil del público servido; duelo relacionado con el envejecimiento, el abandono y la institucionalización; así como intervenciones de duelo con ancianos institucionalizados. Muestra diferencias en el duelo de uno mismo por la vejez y por el abandono de acuerdo con sus especificidades, aunque hay similitudes en las reacciones emocionales entre estas pérdidas.
This article addresses the mourning for abandonment and reproduction of old age, based on Theory of Attachment and on Psychology of Grief. It consists of a descriptive study, of the type of experience report, result of the performance in the extension project carried out in the Institution of Long Stay for the Elderly of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Discuss a characterization of the EntreLAÇOS project and the profile of the public served; mourning related to aging, abandonment and institutionalization; as well as reproduce in mourning with institutionalized elderly. Evidence of differences in ignition and abandonment according to their specificities, although there are similarities in the emotional changes between these changes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Luto , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Instituição de Longa Permanência para IdososRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze a historical series of cases of elder abuse as described in police reports. METHOD: Descriptive, retrospective and documentary study based on police reports issued at the older adult police department whose information was collected through an instrument developed by the researchers. RESULTS: Five categories were identified: 1 - physical violence; 2 - violence report; 3 - psychological violence; 4 - habits related to psychoactive substance use; 5 - reasons for violence. CONCLUSION: Elder abuse is a complex issue that requires intervention on the part of nurses by the report of incidents and provision of support to the victim.
Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Polícia , Violência , Idoso , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Relatório de Pesquisa , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de SubstânciasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between frailty and elder abuse in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Secondary cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort. SETTING: The Frailty, Dynapenia and Sarcopenia in Mexican Adults study, a cohort of community-dwelling adults from 2 municipalities in Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older (N=487, mean age 73.2 ± 8.0, 80% female). MEASUREMENTS: Elder abuse was assessed using the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale and frailty using the Frailty Phenotype. Abuse was then classified as total abuse (any subtype), conflict abuse (physical, psychological, sexual abuse), financial abuse, and caregiver neglect. Information was also obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, mental status, nutritional status, disability, and polypharmacy. RESULTS: Prevalence of total abuse was 35.7%. Frailty was associated with total abuse (odds ratio (OR)=2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22-5.21, p=.01) and conflict abuse (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.18-5.33, p=.02) after adjusting for confounders but not with financial abuse or caregiver neglect. Depression was an effect modifier in the association between frailty and total abuse. Frailty was associated with total abuse in participants with depression (OR=5.23, 95% CI=1.87-14.56, p=.002) but not in those without (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.10-2.87, p=.47). CONCLUSION: Frailty is associated with total and conflict abuse in community-dwelling older adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of frailty on elder abuse and investigate the effectiveness of interventions for primary and secondary prevention.
Assuntos
Abuso de Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cidades , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Feminino , Idoso Fragilizado/psicologia , Fragilidade/psicologia , Humanos , Vida Independente/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the conceptions of the nursing professionals working in Basic Health Units regarding the detection and prevention of violence against the elderly. METHODS: Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study. Performed in two BHUs in Mossoró/RN, using a semi-structured interview script, from March to August of 2013. Sample composed of four nurses and six nursing technicians. The content analysis, pre-analysis, material exploration, and treatment of results were performed. RESULTS: Four categories were identified: Strategies used to identify violence against the elderly; Types of violence against the elderly; Conduct used after finding a suspicion of violence; SUS and the problem of violence against the elderly. Many professionals recognize/distrust possible cases, however, they do not know how to proceed. The dimension of the problem requires that pragmatic interventions be performed in the clinical setting and in the social context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There is a need for continuing education for professionals and greater communication between the bodies responsible for reporting and embracement.
Assuntos
Abuso de Idosos , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Assistentes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Violência , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Brasil , Violência Doméstica/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência Doméstica/prevenção & controle , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Abuso de Idosos/diagnóstico , Abuso de Idosos/legislação & jurisprudência , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Visita Domiciliar , Humanos , Masculino , Notificação de Abuso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Delitos Sexuais/legislação & jurisprudência , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Violência/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/psicologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Understand the social representations of violence against rural women, from the perspective of the elderly, considering how the generation and gender influence this aggravation. METHODS: Qualitative study, based on the Theory of Social Representations.It was carried out with 12 elderly rural women from a city of Rio Grande do Sul, in July and August of 2013. The data obtained through a projective technique and semi-structured interviews has been analyzed through the reference of the Social Representations and content analysis. RESULTS: On one hand, the elderly represent violence as distant distress, anchored in extreme acts of aggression. On the other hand, they represent it as present in their relationships, showing themselves vulnerable to the domination of men in the context of life and work. CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed the invisibility of violence against elderly women in the rural context, where the male figure overlaps with the female.
Assuntos
Abuso de Idosos , Violência de Gênero , População Rural , Idoso , Brasil , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Existe incongruencia en las definiciones e interpretación del abuso hacia los adultos mayores. Una definición apropiada y unificada es la que expone la Organización Mundial de la Salud, según la cual el abuso hacia el adulto mayor es cualquier acto aislado o repetitivo, o la falta de acción apropiada, ocurrida en cualquier relación de la que se espera confianza y seguridad, que causa daño o malestar a la persona mayor. El maltrato y el no mejor trato de este grupo de personas, es un problema a resolver a escala mundial. En este artículo se abordan los aspectos relacionados con el tema, algunos tipos de maltrato y causas identificadas en estudios realizados, así como la necesidad de estrategias y medidas para combatirlo, no solo en el sector salud, sino en la sociedad en general. Cuba no permanece al margen de esta problemática; la población cubana envejece y es preocupante el reto que representan las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en ese sentido, sobre todo el cáncer, la demencia, la discapacidad y la postración por diferentes causas, dolencias más frecuentes en las personas ancianas.
There is inconsistency in the definition and understanding of abuse to the elder. An appropriate and unified definition is presented by the World Health Organization. It states that elder abuse is any isolated or repeated act, or the absence of appropriate action, that occurs in any relation from which confidence and safety is expected and produces damage or general discomfort. Mistreatment and the not best treatment to these people is a problem to be solved worldwide. In this article issues related to the topic are approached, some types of mistreatment, causes identified in studies carried out so as strategies and actions to fight them. These aspects are presented not only for the health system but for the society as well. Cuba is not exempted of this situation; the Cuban population ages and chronic non communicable diseases are a challenge to be concerned, mainly cancer, dementia, disability and prostration due to different causes which are the most frequent illnesses in elder people.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Abuso de Idosos/psicologiaRESUMO
In many parts of the world, elder abuse happens almost unnoticed. Until recently, this serious social problem was hidden from public view and was regarded as an essentially private matter. However, there is growing evidence that elder abuse is an important problem of public health and in the society. The objective of this study is to determine the degree of abuse of elder and vulnerable people in the families and communities of Eastern Bolivia. With this end in mind, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample size of 210 60-year-old people coming from different health care areas. Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI) and Yaffe's Evaluation Form of Social Work were used. An abuse rate of 39% of the older adults was identified. The most common type of abuse observed was psychological abuse (32.4% of cases), followed by neglect (21.9%). Children were identified as triggers of the abuse in 66.7% of cases of abuse. The prevalence of elder abuse was similar to the prevalence of other types of abuse that exist in Bolivia, such as the gender-based abuse. Also, this prevalence is comparable to other developing countries and European countries. The profile of abused older adult is as follows: woman, widow, 70 years old, incomplete primary education, without an occupation, and an average of 4.59 children. The information obtained shows that dysfunctional families have a higher percentage of elder abuse.