RESUMO
Adenomyosis is associated with dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain; however, the triggering mechanisms of painful stimuli and the role of uterine nerve fibers in the manifestation of pain remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the role of uterine nerve fibers' presence and density in the occurrence of pain in patients with adenomyosis. An electronic search was performed using the Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Cochrane databases. We included all studies from inception to November 2023. A total of ten studies that compared uterine biopsies samples of women with and without adenomyosis were included. The biomarker antiprotein gene product 9.5 was decreased or absent in the endometrium of most included women with adenomyosis. None of the included studies observed a difference in neurofilament (NF) staining between the adenomyosis and non-adenomyosis groups. Studies that assessed nerve growth factor (NGF) staining were heterogeneous in design. One study reported no difference in immunohistochemistry staining in any endometrial layer between the adenomyosis and non-adenomyosis groups, while another reported increased staining in the adenomyosis functional endometrial layer, and a third study reported overexpression of NGF, synaptophysin (SYN), and microtubule-associated protein 2 mRNA in focal adenomyosis alone. Preliminary data from poor-quality studies suggest an increase in the uterine density of nerve fibers in patients with adenomyosis. Well-designed studies are essential to assess the cause-and-effect relationship between uterine nerve fibers and pain in patients with adenomyosis.
Assuntos
Adenomiose , Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Adenomiose/metabolismo , Adenomiose/patologia , Adenomiose/complicações , Útero/inervação , Útero/patologia , Útero/metabolismo , Dor Pélvica/metabolismo , Dor Pélvica/etiologia , Dor Pélvica/patologia , Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Nervos Periféricos/metabolismo , Endométrio/inervação , Endométrio/metabolismo , Endométrio/patologia , Dismenorreia/metabolismoRESUMO
Objective: To compare Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) expression in patients with and without adenomyosis. Methods: A prospective design was performed including 49 patients submitted to hysterectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on anatomopathological samples staged in paraffin blocks from patients with and without adenomyosis. The sample contained 28 adenomyosis cases and 21 controls. Student's t-test and multivariate logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. Associations were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results: We found no significant association between adenomyosis and: smoking (p = 0.75), miscarriage (p = 0.29), number of previous pregnancies (p = 0.85), curettage (p = 0.81), pelvic pain (p = 0.72) and myoma (p = 0.15). However, we did find a relationship between adenomyosis and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) (p = 0.02) and previous cesarean section (p = 0.02). The mean TGF-ß1 intensity (mean ± SD) in the ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis showed no significant association (184.17 ± 9.4 vs.184.66 ± 16.08, p = 0.86) from the topic endometrium of women without adenomyosis. Conclusion: TGF-ß1 expression was not increased in the ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis.
Assuntos
Adenomiose , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Humanos , Feminino , Adenomiose/metabolismo , Adenomiose/patologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to contrast the prognoses of patients with endometrial cancer who had adenomyosis against those that did not. METHODS: All patients who had received surgical staging for hysterectomy-based endometrial cancer had their medical data retrospectively examined. The analysis covered 397 patients, who were split into two groups depending on the presence of adenomyosis. Comparisons were made between patients covering type of surgery, histopathology, endometrial cancer stage, lymphovascular space invasion, presence of biochemical or histochemical markers, adjuvant therapy, presence of adenomyosis in the myometrial wall, and outcomes in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival or overall survival rates between endometrial cancer patients with and without adenomyosis. This is based on comparisons of tumor stage, tumor diameter, histological type and grade of tumor, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and biochemical markers that affect the course of the disease. The median follow-up times were 61 months for the adenomyosis-positive group and 56 months for the group without adenomyosis. CONCLUSION: Coexisting adenomyosis in endometrial cancer has no bearing on survival rates and is not a prognostic factor.
Assuntos
Adenomiose , Neoplasias do Endométrio , Feminino , Humanos , Adenomiose/complicações , Adenomiose/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Endométrio/complicações , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Prognóstico , Miométrio , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Adenomyosis has been studied throughout the years, however, its aetiology and physiopathology are still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of PIWI proteins in women with adenomyosis. METHODS: We included 72 participants to be part of this study and were divided into two groups based on their anatomopathological diagnosis, control (n = 36) or adenomyosis (n = 36). All samples were tested for PIWIL1, PIWIL2 and PIWIL4 proteins by immunohistochemistry. The evaluation of protein expression was performed by the digital histological score (DHSCORE) and by the pathologist's analysis. RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 44.28 ± 5.76 years and 45.81 ± 4.86 years in the control and adenomyosis groups, respectively (p ≥ 0.05). Other clinical characteristics of the participants showed no statistical difference as well. PIWIL2 is highly expressed in the adenomyosis in comparison to the control group (p = 0.0001). The PIWIL1 is downregulated in the adenomyosis (p = 0.003) and PIWIL4 showed no difference in its expression (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: PIWIL2 might be involved in cellular survival and PIWIL1 may be downregulated due to the loss of tissue's function and response to the hostile environment of the myometrium. This is the first time that PIWI proteins are studied in the adenomyosis.
Assuntos
Adenomiose/genética , Proteínas Argonautas/metabolismo , Adenomiose/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adenomyosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. The true prevalence is unknown and has been reported to range from 1 to 70%. It has a significantly negative impact on women's quality of life, causing abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and chronic pelvic pain. The definitive treatment for adenomyosis is hysterectomy, although it does not contemplate patients who wish to preserve their fertility. The aim of this paper is to discuss the latest evidence on the surgical techniques for the treatment of adenomyosis published in medical-scientific databases. METHOD: A comprehensive literature search for articles published from 1996 to 2017 related to surgery for adenomyosis was made in Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, in English, by the following MeSH terms: adenomyosis, surgery, pathogenesis, dysmenorrhea and infertility. RESULTS: There is extensive evidence on several surgical approaches for the improvement of adenomyosis-related symptoms; however, there is no robust evidence that they are effective for infertility. CONCLUSION: The management of adenomyosis is quite complex and controversial. Complications after extensive uterine reconstruction, such as uterine rupture, should be considered and discussed with the patient. There are still limited data to support surgery effectiveness, especially for infertility, and further well-designed studies are required.
Assuntos
Adenomiose/cirurgia , Dismenorreia/cirurgia , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/métodos , Embolização da Artéria Uterina/métodos , Miomectomia Uterina/métodos , Adenomiose/complicações , Adenomiose/patologia , Dismenorreia/complicações , Dismenorreia/etiologia , Dismenorreia/patologia , Endométrio/patologia , Endométrio/cirurgia , Feminino , Fertilidade , Humanos , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Miométrio/irrigação sanguínea , Miométrio/patologia , Miométrio/cirurgia , Dor Pélvica/cirurgia , Gravidez , Qualidade de Vida , Doenças Uterinas/cirurgia , Útero/patologia , Útero/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic foci of endometrial glandular tissue and/or stroma within the myometrium. The diagnosis of adenomyosis is traditionally made through histologic evaluation of the postsurgical specimen. More recently, imaging with transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) has been used for the preoperative diagnosis of adenomyosis. As yet, there is no consensus regarding the best imaging feature or combination thereof for the nonsurgical diagnosis of adenomyosis. This study systematically evaluated the literature in the last 10 years to determine the accuracy of 2-dimensional (2D) TVUS, different imaging features, enhancing methods such as 3-dimensional (3D) TVUS, elastography and color Doppler in the nonsurgical diagnosis of adenomyosis. A total of 8 studies were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for 2D TVUS for the diagnosis of adenomyosis for all combined imaging characteristics was 83.8% and 63.9%, respectively. Pooled sensitivity for 355 total patients with use of imaging feature of heterogeneous myometrium with 2D TVUS was highest (86.0%), and pooled specificity for 283 total patients with use of globular uterus was highest (78.1%). After including the "question mark" sign with other TVUS features, higher sensitivity and specificity, of 92% and 88%, respectively, were noted. For 3D TVUS, pooled sensitivity and specificity for all combined imaging characteristics was 88.9% and 56.0%, respectively. Poor definition of junctional zone showed the highest pooled sensitivity (86%) and the highest pooled specificity (56.0%) for the diagnosis of adenomyosis with 3D TVUS. There was no improvement in overall accuracy in 3D TVUS compared with 2D TVUS. Preliminary results of TVUS with color Doppler showed a high sensitivity and specificity for the differentiation between adenomyosis and myomas (95.6% and 93.4%, respectively). Also, TVUS elastography in 1 study showed an improvement in specificity (82.9%) compared with 2D TVUS (63.9%), albeit with comparable sensitivity. Larger studies are needed to advance our understanding of the different types of adenomyosis and their clinical impact.
Assuntos
Adenomiose/dietoterapia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adenomiose/patologia , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Miométrio/diagnóstico por imagem , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Adenomyosis or endometriosis genitalis interna is a frequent benign disease of women in fertile age. It causes symptoms like bleeding disorders and dysmenorrhea and seems to have a negative effect on fertility. Adenomyosis can be part of a complex genital and extragenital endometriosis but also can be found as a solitary uterine disease. While peritoneal endometriosis can be easily diagnosed by laparoscopy with subsequent biopsy, the determination of adenomyosis is difficult. In the following literature review, the diagnostic methods clinical history and symptoms, gynecological examination, 2D and 3D transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy will be discussed step by step in order to evaluate their predictive value in the diagnosis of adenomyosis.