RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The knowledge on bovine vaccines against respiratory viruses on bronchoalveolar fluid cells is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a commercial intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) vaccine against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex viruses on bronchoalveolar fluid cells of healthy heifers. METHODS: 21 healthy heifers were assigned to three treatment groups: control (CO, N = 7), intranasally vaccinated (IN) (n = 7), and intramuscularly vaccinated (IM) (n = 7). The IN group received 1 mL of the commercial vaccine in each nostril once containing attenuated BoHV-1, bPIV-3, and BRSV. The IM group was vaccinated with two doses of 2 mL with an interval of 21 days of the commercial vaccine containing attenuated BoHV-1, bPIV-3, and BRSV plus inactivated BVDV. At day 0 (D0), before the first vaccine dose, and at D3, D7, and D21, after the last vaccine dose, airway bronchoscopy was performed to observe local irritation and collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The bronchoalveolar count, cytological evaluation, bronchoalveolar cell oxidative metabolism, and total bronchoalveolar IgA and IgG were measured. RESULTS: The IN vaccine increased neutrophil cellularity at D7 and D21 and total IgA at D3 in BALF. Total IgA in BALF also increased at D3 and oxidative metabolism of bronchoalveolar cells at D21 lowered compared to the CO group. Following IM vaccination there was no alteration of immunoglobulins or cell oxidative metabolism in BALF. Both vaccines reduced the number of alveolar macrophages. CONCLUSION: Both vaccines induced bronchoalveolar inflammation during the establishment of the vaccine immunity, which was more expressive in the IN protocol.
Assuntos
Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/veterinária , Administração Intranasal/efeitos adversos , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Animais , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/prevenção & controle , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Imunoglobulina A , Imunoglobulina G , Injeções Intramusculares/efeitos adversos , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Bovina , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino , Infecções por Respirovirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Respirovirus/veterinária , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered naso-ruminally in continuous flow in adult goats subjected to water and food restriction. Six adult non-pregnant and non-lactating female goats, aged between two and five years old, were used in a crossover (6 × 2) study. Solution 1 (SEE1) comprised: 4.5 g sodium chloride (NaCl); 1 g potassium chloride (KCl); 0.5 g magnesium chloride (MgCl); 1 g calcium chloride in 1,000 ml of water (measured osmolarity: 202 mOsm/l). Solution 2 (SEE2) comprised: 4.5 g of NaCl; 1 g of KCl; 0.5 g of MgCl; 2 g of calcium acetate in 1,000 ml of water (measured osmolarity: 212 mOsm/l). The solutions were administered naso-ruminally at a dose rate of 15 ml/kg/hr, for 12 hr. The animals were evaluated at times T-24, T0, T4, T8, T12, and T24. Both enteral electrolytic solutions were effective in expanding blood volume. SEE1 showed a low-intensity acidifying potential, while SEE2 showed behavior of a neutral enteral electrolytic solution.
Assuntos
Eletrólitos/administração & dosagem , Cabras , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Administração Oral , Animais , Gasometria/veterinária , Estudos Cross-Over , Eletrólitos/sangue , Feminino , Concentração Osmolar , Cloreto de Potássio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Potássio/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Rúmen , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Sódio/sangueRESUMO
The equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an important cause of myeloencephalopathy and respiratory disease in horses. Animal models for EHV-1 infection have been specially developed using mice and Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). However, few studies have attempted to evaluate the pathogenesis of EHV-1 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory system of hamsters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis of four Brazilian EHV-1 strains within the CNS and lungs of Syrian hamsters. Hamsters intranasally infected with A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, and Iso/72 EHV-1 strains developed severe neurological and respiratory signs and died during acute EHV-1 infection within 3 to 5days post-inoculation. However, neurological signs were more severe in A4/72 and A9/92-infected hamsters, whereas respiratory signs were more prominent in A3/97 and Iso/72-infected hamsters. In the latter, lesions in the CNS were predominantly inflammatory, whereas in A4/72 and A9/92-infected hamsters, neuronal and liquefactive necrosis were the predominant lesions. EHV-1 infected hamsters also developed an interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of alveolar septa by macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, with the exception of A9/92-infected hamsters, which developed severe hemorrhages within the airways. EHV-1 antigens were detected along with CNS and pulmonary lesions. EHV-1 was also recovered from CNS of all infected hamsters, whereas the virus was recovered from the lungs of A4/72, A9/92, and Iso/72-infected hamsters. Brazilian EHV-1 strains caused both severe CNS and respiratory disease in hamsters, thus making this species an interesting model for EHV-1 infection in the CNS and respiratory system.
Assuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Herpesvirus Equídeo 1/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Cavalos/virologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Animais , Cricetinae , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Camundongos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Doenças Respiratórias/patologia , Doenças Respiratórias/virologiaRESUMO
Frequentemente o Médico Veterinário é requisitado para realização de diversos procedimentos em aves, os quais geralmente necessitam de sedação ou anestesia geral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos sedativos do midazolam (5 mg.kg-1) associado ou não ao butorfanol (1 mg.kg-1) pelas vias de administração intranasal ou intramuscular. Sete periquitos australianos foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos em delineamento do tipo crossover com 15 dias de intervalo. Foram avaliados os períodos de latência, tempos de decúbito dorsal, tempos de sedação, tempos de recuperação, grau de sedação e qualidade de recuperação. Os resultados paramétricos foram avaliados por análise de variância de uma via seguida por teste de Student-Newman-Keuls e os dados não paramétricos foram submetidos ao teste Kruskal-Wallis ambos com 5% de significância. A técnica intranasal demonstrou melhores graus de sedação, no entanto, concluiu-se que ambos os protocolos e as vias de administração avaliados são seguras e viáveis para sedação em periquito australiano.(AU)
Often veterinarians have attended various species of birds to perform clinical procedures, which require sedation or generalanesthesia. The aim of this study was compare the intranasal or intramuscular sedative effects of midazolam (5 mg.kg-1) withor without butorphanol (1 mg.kg-1). Seven budgerigards (Melopsitacus undulates) were submitted in a crossover design to fourtreatments. The procedures were performed with 15 days washout. Were evaluated the on set time, dorsal recumbency timeduration, total sedation period, total recovery time, sedation degree and recovery quality. The parametric results were analisedby one way ANOVA following Student-Newman-Keuls test and non-parametric datas were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test, bothwith 5% significance. The intranasal technical demonstrates best degrees of sedation, however, this study concluded that bothprotocols and the administration routes are safe and viable for sedation in budgerigards.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Melopsittacus/anatomia & histologia , Melopsittacus/fisiologia , Midazolam/administração & dosagem , Butorfanol/administração & dosagem , Administração Intranasal , Administração Intranasal/veterináriaRESUMO
This study aimed at determining the clinical and pathological effects of the coinfection of young SPF chickens with chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine strains. The clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions were determined after the experimental coinfection broilers with a CAV genotype 1 vaccine strain given intraperitoneally on the first day of age and a MG F-strain vaccine given intranasally on the 8th day of age. The experimental groups included the negative control (group 1), a group infected with the MG F-strain vaccine (group 2), and a group coinfected with CAV and MG vaccines (group 3). Chicks were examined clinically and post mortem at 23 days of age, and gross and microscopic lesions of the trachea, thymus, and air sacs were compared among treatments (Kruskal-Wallis test). Infections were confirmed by PCR for specific genetic fragments of each agent in the target tissues. Mortality was only observed in chicks on group 3, with two deaths and more severe lesions in the trachea, thymus and air sacs compared with groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). Dead chicks presented reduced thymus and spleen size, hemorrhagic trachea with catarrhal exudate and partial obstruction, pericarditis, catarrhal airsacculitis, lungs with liquid and ascites. The surviving chicks in group 3 showed more severe respiratory changes than those in group 2, in addition to thymus and spleen size reduction. Results indicate the adverse effects of the coinfection of young chickens with MG F-strain and CAV genotype 1 vaccines.
Assuntos
Animais , Coinfecção/fisiopatologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Galinhas/fisiologia , Mycoplasma gallisepticum/patogenicidade , Vírus da Anemia da Galinha/fisiologia , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Injeções Intraperitoneais/veterinária , Vacinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
This study aimed at determining the clinical and pathological effects of the coinfection of young SPF chickens with chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine strains. The clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions were determined after the experimental coinfection broilers with a CAV genotype 1 vaccine strain given intraperitoneally on the first day of age and a MG F-strain vaccine given intranasally on the 8th day of age. The experimental groups included the negative control (group 1), a group infected with the MG F-strain vaccine (group 2), and a group coinfected with CAV and MG vaccines (group 3). Chicks were examined clinically and post mortem at 23 days of age, and gross and microscopic lesions of the trachea, thymus, and air sacs were compared among treatments (Kruskal-Wallis test). Infections were confirmed by PCR for specific genetic fragments of each agent in the target tissues. Mortality was only observed in chicks on group 3, with two deaths and more severe lesions in the trachea, thymus and air sacs compared with groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). Dead chicks presented reduced thymus and spleen size, hemorrhagic trachea with catarrhal exudate and partial obstruction, pericarditis, catarrhal airsacculitis, lungs with liquid and ascites. The surviving chicks in group 3 showed more severe respiratory changes than those in group 2, in addition to thymus and spleen size reduction. Results indicate the adverse effects of the coinfection of young chickens with MG F-strain and CAV genotype 1 vaccines.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coinfecção/fisiopatologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Galinhas/fisiologia , Vírus da Anemia da Galinha/fisiologia , Mycoplasma gallisepticum/patogenicidade , Vacinas/uso terapêutico , Injeções Intraperitoneais/veterinária , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterináriaRESUMO
Intranasal anesthesia in birds is considered a safe, simple and efficient technique. The aim of this study was compare the anesthetic effects of midazolam (5 mg.kg-1) with racemic (R) or S+ (S) ketamine (15 mg.kg-1), administered intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly (IM) in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Eight budgerigars were used in a crossover design with four treatments: INR, INS, IMR and IMS. Onset time, dorsal recumbency time duration, total anesthesia time, total recovery time, sedation degree and recovery quality were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in onset time between INS (40.25±10.55 sec) and IMR (74.32±21.77 sec); between administration vials for dorsal recumbency time, INS (23.93±7.51 min) and INR (28.68±16.13 min), which were different from IMS (60.08 ± 27.37 min) and IMR (74.3±21 min). In total anesthesia time, INS (45.48±17.94 min) and INR (39.24±15.62 min) were different from IMS (75.84±20.20 min) and IMR (20.73±79.4 min). The total recovery time was significantly higher in INS (21.55±18.43 min) compared to IMR (5.1±3.56 min). The results of this study indicated that both administration vials can be used for short time non-invasive procedures and the intranasal vial is preferable for fast procedures
A anestesia intranasal em aves é considerada uma técnica anestésica segura, simples e eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos anestésicos da associação de midazolam (5 mg.kg-1) e cetamina (15 mg.kg-1) nas formulações racêmica (R) ou S+ (S) administrados pela via intranasal (IN) ou intramuscular (IM) em periquitos australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus). Foram utilizados oito periquitos em delineamento do tipo crossover, em quatro tratamentos: INR, INS, IMR e IMS. Foram avaliados os tempos de latência, decúbito dorsal, anestesia e recuperação, grau de sedação e qualidade de recuperação. Foi observada diferença significativa no tempo de latência entre INS (40,25±10,55 seg) e IMR (74,32±21,77 seg); entre as vias de administração para o tempo de decúbito dorsal, INS (23,93±7,51 min) e INR (28,68±16,13 min), diferente de IMS (60,08±27,37 min) e IMR (74,3±21,77 min) e para tempo de anestesia, INS (45,48±17,94 min) e INR (39,24±15,62 min), diferentes de IMS (75,84±20,20 min) e IMR (79,4±20,73 min). O tempo de recuperação foi significativamente maior em INS (21,55±18,43 min) comparado a IMR (5,1±3,56 min). Pode-se concluir que as duas vias de administração avaliadas podem ser utilizadas em procedimentos de curta duração e não invasivos e a via intranasal é preferível para procedimentos rápidos
Assuntos
Animais , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Administração Oral , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária , Ketamina/análise , Melopsittacus , Midazolam/análise , Anestesia/veterinária , Benzodiazepinas/análiseRESUMO
Intranasal anesthesia in birds is considered a safe, simple and efficient technique. The aim of this study was compare the anesthetic effects of midazolam (5 mg.kg-1) with racemic (R) or S+ (S) ketamine (15 mg.kg-1), administered intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly (IM) in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Eight budgerigars were used in a crossover design with four treatments: INR, INS, IMR and IMS. Onset time, dorsal recumbency time duration, total anesthesia time, total recovery time, sedation degree and recovery quality were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in onset time between INS (40.25±10.55 sec) and IMR (74.32±21.77 sec); between administration vials for dorsal recumbency time, INS (23.93±7.51 min) and INR (28.68±16.13 min), which were different from IMS (60.08 ± 27.37 min) and IMR (74.3±21 min). In total anesthesia time, INS (45.48±17.94 min) and INR (39.24±15.62 min) were different from IMS (75.84±20.20 min) and IMR (20.73±79.4 min). The total recovery time was significantly higher in INS (21.55±18.43 min) compared to IMR (5.1±3.56 min). The results of this study indicated that both administration vials can be used for short time non-invasive procedures and the intranasal vial is preferable for fast procedures(AU)
A anestesia intranasal em aves é considerada uma técnica anestésica segura, simples e eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos anestésicos da associação de midazolam (5 mg.kg-1) e cetamina (15 mg.kg-1) nas formulações racêmica (R) ou S+ (S) administrados pela via intranasal (IN) ou intramuscular (IM) em periquitos australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus). Foram utilizados oito periquitos em delineamento do tipo crossover, em quatro tratamentos: INR, INS, IMR e IMS. Foram avaliados os tempos de latência, decúbito dorsal, anestesia e recuperação, grau de sedação e qualidade de recuperação. Foi observada diferença significativa no tempo de latência entre INS (40,25±10,55 seg) e IMR (74,32±21,77 seg); entre as vias de administração para o tempo de decúbito dorsal, INS (23,93±7,51 min) e INR (28,68±16,13 min), diferente de IMS (60,08±27,37 min) e IMR (74,3±21,77 min) e para tempo de anestesia, INS (45,48±17,94 min) e INR (39,24±15,62 min), diferentes de IMS (75,84±20,20 min) e IMR (79,4±20,73 min). O tempo de recuperação foi significativamente maior em INS (21,55±18,43 min) comparado a IMR (5,1±3,56 min). Pode-se concluir que as duas vias de administração avaliadas podem ser utilizadas em procedimentos de curta duração e não invasivos e a via intranasal é preferível para procedimentos rápidos(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Melopsittacus , Midazolam/análise , Ketamina/análise , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Administração Oral , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária , Anestesia/veterinária , Benzodiazepinas/análiseRESUMO
A falta de protocolos de sedação seguros para uso em papagaios na literatura demonstra a necessidade de conhecer os anestésicos que são eficazes nestes animais. Devido a pouca massa muscular desta espécie, notou-se a necessidade de estudar outra via de administração, menos invasiva e dolorosa ao animal, como a via intranasal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e a viabilidade da administração intranasal, em comparação à via intramuscular, de 15mg/kg de Cetamina e 1mg/kg de Midazolam. Foram utilizados 14 papagaios das espécies Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea, de ambos os sexos, adultos, peso médio de 388,5±29,1g. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: intramuscular (IM, n=7) e intranasal (IN, n=7). No grupo intramuscular, a administração dos anestésicos foi realizada nos músculos peitorais, utilizando seringas de insulina e no grupo intranasal, com auxílio de uma micropipeta. Avaliou-se o período de latência, tempo de duração, qualidade de sedação, e o tempo de recuperação total. A média para o período de latência no grupo IM foi de 6,13±2,02 minutos e no grupo IN de 4,84±2,37 minutos. Já para o tempo de duração da sedação no grupo IM a média foi de 35,81±29,56 e no grupo IN de 24,52±14,83 minutos. Ambas as vias promoveram sedação adequada, pois a média do escore da qualidade de sedação obtida pelo grupo IM foi 2±1,5 e pelo grupo IN 1,28±1,1. O tempo de recuperação total no grupo IM foi de 27,04±11,69 e no grupo IN de 17,67±11,64 minutos. Apesar do grupo IN ter apresentado os menores tempos de período de latência, duração e de recuperação total e ter obtido melhor escore na qualidade de sedação, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que a administração de 15 mg/kg de cetamina e 1mg/kg de midazolam pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaios (Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea) produzem sedação adequada para pequenos procedimentos como colocação de anilha, coleta de sangue e radiografias; porém a via intranasal mostrou ser uma alternativa menos invasiva quando comparado à via intramuscular.
The lack of safe sedation protocols for use in parrots in the literature, demonstrate the need to know that the anesthetics are effective in these animals. Due to low muscle mass this bird, it was noted the need to consider other routes of administration, less invasive and painful to the animal, such as intranasal. The aim of this study was to evaluate sedative effects of intranasal administration compared to intramuscular 15mg.kg-1 of Ketamine and Midazolam 1mg.kg-1. We used 14 parrots (Amazona aestiva and Amazona vinacea), adults, and mean weight of 388.5±29.1g. The animals were randomly into two groups: intramuscular (IM, n=7) and intranasal (IN, n=7). In group intramuscular, administration of anesthetics was performed in the pectoral muscles, using insulin syringes and intranasal group with a micropipette. We evaluated the latency period, duration, quality of sedation, and the total recovery time. The average for the period of latency in the IM group was 6.13±2.02 and IN group 4.84±2.37 minutes. As for the duration of sedation in the IM group was 35.81±29.56 and in IN group 24.52±14.83 minutes. Both pathways promoted adequate sedation, the mean score for the quality of sedation obtained by the IM group was 2±1.5 and 1.28±1.1 in the IN group. The total recovery time in the IM group was 27.04±11.69 and 17.67±11.64 minutes in the IN group. Although the IN group the lowest times of onset, duration and full recovery and have better scores on quality of sedation, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The results of this study indicate that administration of ketamine (15mg.kg-1) and midazolam (1mg.kg-1) intranasal or intramuscular in parrots (Amazona aestiva/Amazona vinacea) produce adequate sedation for minor procedures, but the intranasal route could be an alternative less invasive when compared to intramuscular injection.
Assuntos
Animais , Anestésicos/normas , Ketamina/efeitos adversos , Midazolam/efeitos adversos , Papagaios/fisiologia , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária , Guias como Assunto/métodosRESUMO
A falta de protocolos de sedação seguros para uso em papagaios na literatura demonstra a necessidade de conhecer os anestésicos que são eficazes nestes animais. Devido a pouca massa muscular desta espécie, notou-se a necessidade de estudar outra via de administração, menos invasiva e dolorosa ao animal, como a via intranasal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e a viabilidade da administração intranasal, em comparação à via intramuscular, de 15mg/kg de Cetamina e 1mg/kg de Midazolam. Foram utilizados 14 papagaios das espécies Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea, de ambos os sexos, adultos, peso médio de 388,5±29,1g. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: intramuscular (IM, n=7) e intranasal (IN, n=7). No grupo intramuscular, a administração dos anestésicos foi realizada nos músculos peitorais, utilizando seringas de insulina e no grupo intranasal, com auxílio de uma micropipeta. Avaliou-se o período de latência, tempo de duração, qualidade de sedação, e o tempo de recuperação total. A média para o período de latência no grupo IM foi de 6,13±2,02 minutos e no grupo IN de 4,84±2,37 minutos. Já para o tempo de duração da sedação no grupo IM a média foi de 35,81±29,56 e no grupo IN de 24,52±14,83 minutos. Ambas as vias promoveram sedação adequada, pois a média do escore da qualidade de sedação obtida pelo grupo IM foi 2±1,5 e pelo grupo IN 1,28±1,1. O tempo de recuperação total no grupo IM foi de 27,04±11,69 e no grupo IN de 17,67±11,64 minutos. Apesar do grupo IN ter apresentado os menores tempos de período de latência, duração e de recuperação total e ter obtido melhor escore na qualidade de sedação, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que a administração de 15 mg/kg de cetamina e 1mg/kg de midazolam pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaios (Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea) produzem sedação adequada para pequenos procedimentos como colocação de anilha, coleta de sangue e radiografias; porém a via intranasal mostrou ser uma alternativa menos invasiva quando comparado à via intramuscular.(AU)
The lack of safe sedation protocols for use in parrots in the literature, demonstrate the need to know that the anesthetics are effective in these animals. Due to low muscle mass this bird, it was noted the need to consider other routes of administration, less invasive and painful to the animal, such as intranasal. The aim of this study was to evaluate sedative effects of intranasal administration compared to intramuscular 15mg.kg-1 of Ketamine and Midazolam 1mg.kg-1. We used 14 parrots (Amazona aestiva and Amazona vinacea), adults, and mean weight of 388.5±29.1g. The animals were randomly into two groups: intramuscular (IM, n=7) and intranasal (IN, n=7). In group intramuscular, administration of anesthetics was performed in the pectoral muscles, using insulin syringes and intranasal group with a micropipette. We evaluated the latency period, duration, quality of sedation, and the total recovery time. The average for the period of latency in the IM group was 6.13±2.02 and IN group 4.84±2.37 minutes. As for the duration of sedation in the IM group was 35.81±29.56 and in IN group 24.52±14.83 minutes. Both pathways promoted adequate sedation, the mean score for the quality of sedation obtained by the IM group was 2±1.5 and 1.28±1.1 in the IN group. The total recovery time in the IM group was 27.04±11.69 and 17.67±11.64 minutes in the IN group. Although the IN group the lowest times of onset, duration and full recovery and have better scores on quality of sedation, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The results of this study indicate that administration of ketamine (15mg.kg-1) and midazolam (1mg.kg-1) intranasal or intramuscular in parrots (Amazona aestiva/Amazona vinacea) produce adequate sedation for minor procedures, but the intranasal route could be an alternative less invasive when compared to intramuscular injection.(AU)