RESUMO
Gas station workers are exposed to chemicals known to be carcinogenic, especially benzene. The objective was to analyze the health problems of female gas station workers by means of sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, and laboratorial exams. We performed the genotyping of the polymorphisms BRCA1/P871L and BRCA1/Q356R by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, and of variant allele BRCA2/N372H through direct sequencing. The female workers showed a higher concentration of monocytes (P = 0.039); a greater number of spontaneous abortions (P = 0.025, OR = 4.977, 95% CI = 1.135-30.669); higher tobacco consumption (P = 0.013); and higher alcohol consumption (P = 0.05). The statistical analysis of the polymorphisms associated with the variables monocyte concentration and miscarriage number did not reveal a significant relationship, and smoking and spontaneous abortion were not statistically associated either. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:730-734, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Alcanos/toxicidade , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Uso de Tabaco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Aiouea trinervis Meisn. is a shrub that grows in the "Cerrado" (a savanna ecosystem) of Brazil. In this study, fractionation of ethanol extracts (EEs) from the leaves of A. trinervis led to the isolation of butanolides, namely isoobtusilactone A and obtusilactone A, as well as lignans, namely sesamin, methylpiperitol, and polyprenol-12. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The genotoxic properties were evaluated for mutagenic and recombinogenic effects using the wing spot test (somatic mutation and recombination test, SMART) on Drosophila melanogaster. The standard and high bioactivation crosses were used. The latter cross is characterized by high sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. EEs were evaluated at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/mL. Butanolides (isoobtusilactone A and obtusilactone A) were evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/mL. The results observed in both crosses were similar and indicated that EEs from the leaves of A. trinervis did not show genotoxicity at the doses that were used. However, the individuals resulting from standard and high bioactivation crosses that were treated with isoobtusilactone A and obtusilactone A showed statistically significant increases in mutant spots compared to those that were obtained in the negative control. Similar results were obtained between standard and high bioactivation crosses, indicating that butanolides had a genotoxic activity.
Assuntos
Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Lauraceae/química , Lignanas/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Alcanos/toxicidade , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Lactonas/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Recombinação Genética , Metabolismo SecundárioRESUMO
In the present study Tradescantia pallida micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay was used to assess the genotoxicity of particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) in Tangara da Serra (MT), a Brazilian Amazon region that suffers the impact of biomass burning. The levels of PM (coarse and fine size fractions) and black carbon (BC) collected were also measured. Furthermore, the alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and quantified in the samples taken during the burning period by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The PM and BC results for both fractions indicate a strong correlation (p < 0.001). The analysis of alkanes indicates an anthropic influence. Retene was the most abundant PAH found, an indicator of biomass burning, and 12 other PAHs considered to be potentially mutagenic and/or carcinogenic were identified in this sample. The Trad-MCN bioassay showed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency during the period of most intense burning, possibly related to the mutagenic PAHs that were found in such extracts. This study demonstrated that Trad-MCN was sensitive and efficient in evaluating the genotoxicity of organic compounds from biomass burning. It further emphasizes the importance of performing chemical analysis, because changes in chemical composition generally have a negative effect on many living organisms. This bioassay (ex situ), using T. pallida with chemical analysis, is thus recommended for characterizing the genotoxicity of air pollution.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Tradescantia/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Alcanos/análise , Alcanos/toxicidade , Atmosfera/química , Biomassa , Brasil , Dano ao DNA , Monitoramento Ambiental , Incêndios , Mutagênicos/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Fuligem/análise , Fuligem/toxicidadeRESUMO
Camamu Bay, an Environmentally Protected Area, may be affected by the pressures of tourism and oil exploration in the adjacent continental platform. The current quality of the mangrove sediments was evaluated by porewater bioassays using embryos of Crassostrea rhizophorae and by an analysis of benthic macrofauna and its relationships with organic compounds, trace metals and bioavailability. Porewater toxicity varied from low to moderate in the majority of the samples, and polychaetes dominated the benthos. The Grande Island sampling station (Station 1) presented more sandy sediments, differentiated macrobenthic assemblages and the highest metal concentrations in relation to other stations and guideline values, and it was the only station that indicated a possible bioavailability of metals. The origin of the metals (mainly barium) is most likely associated with the barite ore deposits located in the Grande and Pequena islands. These results may be useful for future assessment of the impact of oil exploration in the coastal region.
Assuntos
Crassostrea/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Rhizophoraceae , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Alcanos/análise , Alcanos/toxicidade , Animais , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Crassostrea/embriologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Metais Pesados/análise , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Análise Multivariada , Petróleo/análise , Petróleo/toxicidade , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Medição de Risco , Água do Mar/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
A series of 11 alpha,omega-diaminoalkanes, (H(2)N(CH(2))(n)NH(2), n=2-12) have been evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Compounds, (H(2)N(CH(2))(n)NH(2), n=9-12), exhibited a very good activities in the range 2.50-3.12 microg/mL, which can be compared with that of the first line drug, ethambutol (3.12 microg/mL). These results and a preliminary QSAR study can be considered an important start point for the rational design of new leads for anti-TB compounds.
Assuntos
Alcanos/química , Antituberculosos/química , Etambutol/farmacologia , Alcanos/síntese química , Alcanos/toxicidade , Animais , Antituberculosos/síntese química , Antituberculosos/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular , Etambutol/química , Camundongos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show statistical associations between levels of air pollutants and respiratory outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of exposure to petrochemical pollution on the respiratory health of children. METHODS: Children aged 6 to 12 years living close to the petrochemical plants in La Plata, Argentina (n = 282), were compared with those living in a region with exposure to heavy traffic (n = 270) or in 2 relatively nonpolluted areas (n = 639). Parents answered a validated questionnaire providing health and demographic data. A random sample (n = 181) had lung function measured. Particulate matter and outdoor and indoor volatile organic compound levels were measured during 4-week study periods and reported as overall means for each study area. RESULTS: Children living near the petrochemical plant had more asthma (24.8% vs 10.1% to 11.5%), more asthma exacerbations (6.7 vs 2.9-3.6 per year), more respiratory symptoms (current wheeze, dyspnea, nocturnal cough, and rhinitis), and lower lung function (>13% decrease in FEV(1) percent predicted) than those living in other regions. Length of residence in the area was a significant risk factor, but age, sex, body mass index, proximity to busy roads and other nonpetrochemical industries, length of breast-feeding, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of children or their families were not. CONCLUSION: Exposure to particulate matter and volatile organic compounds arising from petrochemical plants but not from high traffic density was associated ith worse respiratory health in children.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Asma/fisiopatologia , Petróleo/toxicidade , Alcanos/toxicidade , Argentina/epidemiologia , Asma/epidemiologia , Criança , Cicloparafinas/toxicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Masculino , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This manuscript evaluates the phytotoxicity and biotransformation of n-hexadecane as well as peroxidase activity and cytochrome P450 concentration in microsomes for cell suspension cultures of Cinchona robusta and Dioscorea composita. Phytotoxicity was evaluated based on viability and growth. Cell cultures were exposed to a 2 and 4% (v/v) dose of n-hexadecane. The biotransformation of n-hexadecane was determined based on labeled recovery in polar, nonpolar, and cell residue fractions after cell culture extraction during exponential cell growth phase and stationary phase. Differences were observed in accumulation of label during cell growth phase and stationary phase for the cells of the two plants. Differences also were observed between phases for label in polar and nonpolar fractions. Thin-layer chromatography determined labeled intermediates and some were identified. The activity of peroxidase and concentration of cytochrome P450 was lower in C. robusta than in controls and greater in D. composita than in controls. In vitro biotransformation was not successful.