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Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del consumo de cápsulas de Allium sativum en una dosis diaria de 1 g por 12 semanas en pacientes con dislipidemia residentes en la ciudad de Huancayo (3200 msnm). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental de un solo grupo de intervención con comparación pre-post. Se evaluaron a 33 sujetos (hombres y mujeres) con diagnóstico de dislipidemia de acuerdo a los criterios ATP III; quienes recibieron cápsulas con dosis de 1g diario por doce semanas. Se analizaron los valores de colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c y triglicéridos antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Después de doce semanas, se encontraron reducciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0.001) de los valores de colesterol total (Δ 62.4 mg/dl; IC 95%: 59.1-65.7), LDL-c (Δ 63.7 mg/dl; IC 95%: 60.3-67.1) y Triglicéridos (Δ 21.5 mg/dl; IC 95%: 14.3-28.7) y aumento del HDL-c (Δ 4.1 mg/dl; IC 95%: 2.9-5.3). Conclusión: La intervención por doce semanas con cápsulas de Allium savitum en pacientes con dislipidemia mostró efectos estadísticamente significativos en los niveles de colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c y triglicéridos. Se recomienda realizar estudios clínicos aleatorizados para poder evaluar en real magnitud las tendencias observadas en estos resultados preliminares.

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Protocolos eficientes de crescimento de ápices caulinares de alho (Allium sativum L.) e posterior bulbificação in vitro são importantes para limpeza clonal e manutenção da fidelidade genética. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de tipos e concentrações de reguladores de crescimento sobre a morfogênese de plantas de alho in vitro. Ápices caulinares com até dois primórdios foram excisados de bulbilhos de alho da cv. 'Jonas' e submetidos ao cultivo in vitro em meio de cultura suplementado de ácido indolacético (0; 1,07; 2,69 e 5,37µM), ácido indolbutírico (0; 0,49; 0,98 e 2,46µM), ácido naftalenoacético (0; 1,07; 2,69 e 5,37µM), ácido jasmônico (0; 1,0; 5,0 e 10,0µM) e ácido abscísico (0; 0,38; 1,89; e 3,78µM). A concentração de 1,07µM de ácido naftalenoacético aplicado ao meio de cultura promoveu incrementos na maioria das variáveis analisadas. O ácido jasmônico induziu a formação de bulbos de alho in vitro, embora tenha apresentado performance inferior ao verificado com o uso de ANA. Por outro lado, a adição de ácido abscísico no meio de cultura inibiu o crescimento de plantas, porém, não impediu a formação de bulbos, sobretudo em concentrações reduzidas. De um modo geral, as variáveis número de bulbos e porcentagem de bulbificação diminuiram com o uso de concentrações elevadas dos reguladores de crescimento testados. Entre os reguladores de crescimento de plantas, o ANA apresenta maior efeito na morfogênese in vitro de plantas de alho, entretanto, o ácido jasmônico e o ABA também apresentam potencial para induzir a formação de bulbos de alho in vitro como o ANA.(AU)

Efficient protocols for garlic (Allium sativum L.) shoot tips growth and later in vitro bulbing are significant for pathogen removal and maintenance of genetic fidelity. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different types and concentrations of growth regulators on in vitro morphogenesis of garlic plants. Shoot meristems with up to two primordial were excised from garlic bulbils (cv. 'Jonas') and cultivated in vitro in culture media supplemented with indoleacetic acid (0; 1,07; 2,69 e 5,37µM), indolbutyric acid (0; 0,49; 0,98 e 2,46µM), naphthaleneacetic acid (0; 1,07; 2,69 e 5,37µM), and abscisic acid (0; 0,38; 1,89; e 3,78µM). The concentration of 1,07µM indoleacetic acid applied to the culture medium promoted increases in most variables analyzed. Jasmonic acid induced formation of garlic bulbs in vitro, although it showed lower performance than that verified with the use of NAA. On the other hand, addition of abscisic acid in culture media inhibited plant growth. However, it did not impede the formation of bulbs, especially when in reduced concentrations. Generally speaking, variables such as number of bulbs and rate of bulbing decreased with the use of high concentrations of the assessed growth regulators. Among plant growth regulators, NAA showed a stronger effect on in vitro morphogenesis of garlic plants. Nonetheless, jasmonic acid and ABA also showed potential to induce formation of garlic bulbs in vitro such as NAA.(AU)

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Garlic (Allium sativum) is propagated asexually. Since sexual cross breeding is almost impossible, means for effective breeding are not currently available and the available production cultivars are seriously aged and degenerated. A possible alternative for breeding is chemical induction. Trifluralin, a type of herbicide, has been reported to provoke chromosome doubling. However, this chemical had not been tested on garlic. We tested various trifluralin concentrations and treatment durations for efficiency in the induction of tetraploid garlic. A clove base of garlic with a stem cv. Gailiang was used as the ex-plant to induce calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium; the calluses were then inoculated onto MS medium containing different levels of trifluralin and cultured to induce chromosome number variation in vitro. Garlic calluses were effectively induced via the ex-plant and both shoots and roots differentiated well on MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine at 3.0 mg/L and indole-3-acetic acid at 0.1 mg/L. However, increases in trifluralin concentration and treatment duration reduced the survival rate and differentiation rate of calluses. Garlic callus cultured for 15 days on medium containing 100 µM trifluralin gave the highest rate of chromosome doubling. Through observation of chromosome number in the root apical cells and the morphology of guard cells on the leaf epidermis of the regenerated plantlets, it was clear that chromosome number variation was induced and tetraploids were produced in vitro by trifluralin treatment.

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This work evaluated the qualitative and quantitative cellular changes induced by treatment with 5-aminouracil (5-AU) and a combination of 5-AU and caffeine in plant cells in relation to DNA damage, repaired damage, and residual damage. As biological material, Allium cepa L. root tips were used, grown in filtered water, in darkness, with aeration at constant temperature of 25 degrees C +/- 0.5. Cell populations were synchronized using 5 mM caffeine in order to study the effects of 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment on the DNA content and their incidence in the entrance to mitosis. The results showed a delay in the G2 period due to induced DNA damage by the 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment, shown by aberrant metaphases, anaphases and telophases. The effect of caffeine in the combined treatment was heightened in spite of lengthening the checkpoints route that retains the cells in G2. The existence of G2 checkpoints was shown in the cell population studied, inducing lesions in the DNA, chromosomic aberrations and cellular instability.

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