Assuntos
Grão Comestível , Alimentos Infantis , Valor Nutritivo , Grão Comestível/química , Grão Comestível/normas , Alimentos Fortificados/efeitos adversos , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Alimentos Fortificados/normas , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis/efeitos adversos , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Recomendações Nutricionais/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , United States Food and Drug Administration/normasRESUMO
ANTECEDENTES: La obesidad se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud pública a nivel global, así como también en Chile, donde la obesidad y sobrepeso en adultos se estimó en un 74,2%(1). En el caso de los niños y las niñas, según los datos de población bajo control a diciembre 2019 en la atención primaria de salud pública, el 35,6% de las niñas y niños de 24 a 71 meses tiene malnutrición por exceso, en específico el 13,3% tienen un diagnóstico nutricional integrado de obesidad/obesidad severa y un 22,3% de sobrepeso (3). En el subgrupo de niños y niñas que asisten a kínder y prekínder (4 a 5 años) los porcentajes aumentan, observándose aproximadamente un 25% de obesidad y 26% de sobrepeso. METODOLOGÍA: Esta recomendación se elaboró según la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), este enfoque propone un sistema para evaluar y calificar la certeza del cuerpo de la evidencia. Además, establece un proceso transparente y estructurado tanto para desarrollar los informes de evidencia, como para analizarlos criterios mínimos y necesarios para la formulación de una recomendación en salud. MARCO DE LA EVIDENCIA A LA DECISIÓN: El marco de la evidencia de la decisión es un instrumento propuesto por GRADE para facilitar la toma de decisiones, registrar los juicios y documentar el proceso desde que se analiza la evidencia y antecedentes, hasta generar la recomendación. El marco utilizado propone 11 criterios. Cada uno de los criterios fue analizado por el panel, quienes emitieron un juicio o una respuesta concisa de su parecer y realizaron comentarios adicionales respecto a porqué llegaron a ese juicio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Nutrição da Criança , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , ChileAssuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Comportamento Alimentar , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Necessidades Nutricionais , Pediatria/história , Estados UnidosRESUMO
According to global recommendations, quality diets for complementary feeding (CF) should include a diversity of foods including vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables and sources of high-quality proteins and essential nutrients, particularly animal-source foods (ASF). A key barrier to feeding ASF surrounds beliefs that the preparation of foods of a thicker consistency may cause problems of digestion, "heaviness" or stomach problems, swallowing, and choking. The objective of this study was to explore, through systematic formative research, the acceptability, use, and feasibility of a simple technology, commercial infant food grinders, in two rural Peruvian settings where there is delayed and low consumption of complementary foods of a thick consistency, including ASF. Phase I explored the barriers, constraints, and opportunities related to the provision of foods of a thicker consistency with a focus on ASF. Phase II encompassed household behavioural trials with mothers and infants to assess the acceptability and use of the grinders in the home setting, using key concepts and messages developed from the information obtained during Phase I. The technology was highly acceptable, used by the majority of mothers (87.8%), and led to changes in cultural perceptions, facilitating increased feeding of appropriate textures (thick purees), ASF, and multimicronutrient powders. Energy, protein, and micronutrient intakes were all significantly greater after the household behavioural trials. This simple technology, paired with systematic formative research to appropriately promote its use across cultures, may have a significant effect on improving CF practices globally, particularly for young infants beginning CF at 6 months.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Manipulação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Saúde do Lactente , Carne , Adulto , Animais , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Preferências Alimentares , Humanos , Lactente , Peru , Pós , População Rural , Oligoelementos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introdução: Fórmula infantil para lactentes com necessidades dietoterápicas específicas é aquela cuja composição foi alterada ou especialmente formulada para atender, por si só, às necessidades específicas decorrentes de alterações fisiológicas e/ou doenças temporárias ou permanentes e/ou para a redução de risco de alergias em indivíduos predispostos. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a questão da conformidade das informações contidas na rotulagem de fórmulas infantis sem lactose para lactentes encontradas à venda no varejo da cidade de Sete Lagoas, MG. Método: Foram analisadas, em triplicata, amostras de cinco marcas de fórmulas infantis ditas "zero" lactose. Foram determinados os teores de proteínas, gorduras totais, carboidratos, lactose e sódio e também as informações de peso líquido. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados com as informações declaradas pelo fabricante. Resultados: Com relação ao peso líquido, ao valor energético e aos teores declarados de carboidratos, proteínas, gorduras totais e lactose, os valores declarados estavam de acordo. Já para o teor de sódio, todas as marcas apresentaram valores acima daqueles especificados nos rótulos. Conclusão: Todas as marcas analisadas podem ser comercializadas com a declaração de zero lactose. Com exceção do sódio, todas as demais informações estavam de acordo com o declarado pelos fabricantes.(AU)
Introduction: Infant formula for infants with specific dietetics needs, is one whose composition was changed or specially formulated to meet alone the specific needs arising from physiological and/or temporary or permanent illness and/or to reduce risk of allergies in susceptible individuals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the conformity of the information contained in the labeling of infant formula without lactose for infants found on sale at retail in the city of Sete Lagoas, MG. Methods: We analyzed in triplicate samples of five brands of said infant formula "zero" lactose. They were determined protein, total fat, carbohydrates, lactose, and sodium and also the net weight information. The results were compared to the information declared by the manufacturer. Results: Regarding to the wet weight, the energy value and the declared content carbohydrates, protein, total fat, and lactose the declared values agreed. As for the sodium content of all brands showed values above those specified on the labels. Conclusion: All the analyzed brands may be marketed with the declaration of zero lactose. Excepting sodium, all other information agreed with the declared by manufacturers.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Informação Nutricional , Rotulagem de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Lactose , Manejo de Espécimes/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The Cuban population exhibits high prevalence of overweight and associated chronic non-communicable diseases, trends that begin in childhood. In addition to factors related to the mother's health, factors contributing to excess weight gain in Cuban children are: reduced prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of infants up to six months of age, full-term low birth weight infants and nutritional mismanagement of this group, incorrect complementary feeding, obesogenic diet, family history and sedentary lifestyles. Thus, it is important to adopt comprehensive, multisectoral strategies that promote adequate nutrition and weight control. This is particularly important for full-term low birth weight infants, predisposed to body fat storage.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/tendências , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Alimentos Infantis/efeitos adversos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração , Obesidade/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Cuba/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Recém-Nascido , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Gestantes , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Aumento de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
Knowledge about mothers' perceptions of food classification and values about complementary feeding is necessary for designing educational and food supply interventions targeted to young children. To determine classification, attributes, and consumption/preparation routines of key complementary foods, 44 mothers of children < 2 y of age in 14 manufacturing businesses were studied. Using 31 key foods, we conducted free-listings, pile-sort, and food attributes exercises. Hierarchical clustering showed that mothers identified nine classes of key foods, including milk derivatives, complements, junk food, infant products, chicken parts, and other meats. From multidimensional scaling, mothers used three primary classification systems: food groups, food introduction stages, and food processing. Secondary classification systems were healthy-junk, heavy-light, hot-cold, good-bad fat, and main dish-complement. Child health and nutrition, particularly vitamin content, were salient attributes. Fruits and vegetables were preferred for initiating complementary feeding on the second month of age. Consumption of guava, mango, and legumes, however, was associated with digestive problems (empacho). Red meats were viewed as cold-type, heavy, and hard, not suitable for young children, but right for toddlers. Chicken liver was considered nutritious but dirty and bitter. Egg and fish were viewed as a vitamin source but potentially allergenic. Mothers valued vitamin content, flavor, and convenience of processed foods, but some were suspicious about expiration date, chemical and excessive sugar content and overall safety of these foods. Mothers' perceptions and values may differ from those of nutritionists and program designers, and should be addressed when promoting opportune introduction of complementary foods in social programs.