RESUMO

SUMMARY: The conservation of anatomical pieces goes back five thousand years, beyond ancient Egypt for political and religious purposes. In the 12th century, with the appearance of the University, new techniques were implemented as the corpse became a necessary tool for teaching. During the last two centuries, since the year of its discovery in 1867, formaldehyde has been used as the main source for conservation. However, several years ago, anatomy laboratories around the world have resorted to new techniques and mixtures in order to reduce its use and its reported negative effects on health, such as cancer. This work shows the obtaining of anatomical pieces, by means of the Chilean Conservative Fixative Solution (SFCCh), its process, analysis and experience are described in the following pages.

RESUMEN: La conservación de piezas anatómicas se remonta a cinco mil años, más allá del antiguo Egipto por motivos políticos y religiosos. En el siglo XII, con la aparición de la Universidad, se implementaron nuevas técnicas ya que el cadáver se convirtió en una herramienta necesaria para la enseñanza. Durante los dos últimos siglos, desde el año de su descubrimiento en 1867, el formaldehído se ha utilizado como principal fuente de conservación. Sin embargo, hace varios años, los laboratorios de anatomía de todo el mundo han recurrido a nuevas técnicas y mezclas con el fin de reducir su uso y sus reportados efectos negativos en la salud, como el cáncer. En este trabajo se muestra la obtención de piezas anatómicas, mediante la Solución Fijadora Conservadora Chilena (SFCCh), su proceso, análisis y experiencia se describen en las siguientes páginas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A impressão tridimensional (3D) vem contribuindo para o aprendizado da anatomia e para áreas aplicadas da medicina veterinária utilizando uma interface que pode valorizar o conhecimento da anatomia das espécies domésticas de maneira dinâmica. O presente trabalho objetivou utilizar imagens tridimensionais geradas por tomografias computadorizada (TC) para a obtenção de imagens digitalizadas e de modelos de ossos do crânio de cão por meio de uma impressora tridimensional. Foram gerados arquivos 3D de TC a partir de imagens que foram editadas pelo software Osirix Lite. Partes dos ossos e particularidades anatômicas do crânio foram impressas em escalas de 60% e 100%. Os resultados permitiram gerar imagens digitalizadas e impressões tridimensionais advindas das tomografias, e, assim, foi criado um acervo de imagens e modelos impressos para os estudos da anatomia do crânio da espécie canina. Além disso, a metodologia demonstrou claramente a importância para uso de planejamentos cirúrgicos nos casos de procedimentos que envolvam comprometimento de estruturas ósseas. Produziu-se um material interativo e impresso em 3D com maior durabilidade, o qual poderá ser disponibilizado para fins educacionais.(AU)

The three-dimensional printer (3D) has been contributing to the learning of anatomy and applied areas of veterinary medicine using an interface that can enhance the knowledge of the anatomy of domestic species in a dynamic way. The present study aimed to use three-dimensional images generated by computed tomography (TC) to obtain digitized images and bone models of the dog skull using a three-dimensional printer. The 3D files were generated from images that were edited in Osirix Lite software. Parts of the bones and anatomical features of the skull were printed on 60% and 100% scales. The results allowed to generate digitalized images and three -dimensional impressions from the tomographies, and in this way a collection of images and printed models was created for studies of the anatomy of the canine species. In addition, the methodology clearly demonstrated the importance of using surgical planning in cases involving procedures involving bone structure impairment. Interactive material and 3D printing with high durability that could be made available for educational purposes has been produced.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

PurposeTo develop 3D anatomical models, and corresponding radiographs, of canine jaw fractures.MethodsA base model was generated from a mandibular bone scan. With this model it was possible to perform fracture planning according to the anatomical location.ResultsThe 3D base model of the canine mandible was similar in conformation to the natural bone, demonstrating structures such as canine tooth crowns, premolars and molars, mental foramina, body of the mandible, ramus of the mandible, masseteric fossa, the coronoid process, condylar process, and angular process. It was not possible to obtain detail of the crown of the incisor teeth, mandibular symphysis, and the medullary channel. Production of the 3D CJF model took 10.6 h, used 150.1 g of filament (ABS) and cost US$5.83.ConclusionThe 3D canine jaw fractures models, which reproduced natural canine jaw fractures, and their respective radiographic images, are a possible source of educational material for the teaching of veterinary medicine.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se descrever os acidentes anatômicos dos ossos longos do membro torácico de Tamandua tetradactyla por meio de análises macroscópicas e radiográficas. Foram utilizados 34 espécimes, que foram a óbito por atropelamento. A avaliação do úmero demonstrou as mesmas estruturas presentes nos animais domésticos, além de outras sem prévia descrição. Já no antebraço, rádio e ulna se apresentaram completamente separados, e apesar de, como o úmero, serem identificados alguns dos mesmos acidentes anatômicos descritos em outras espécies, também notamos particularidades. Todas as estruturas descritas na análise macroscópica foram identificadas à radiografia, quando realizada em pelo menos duas projeções ortogonais. As estruturas anátomo-radiográficas dos ossos longos do T. tetradactyla demonstraram grande variaçãoanatômica em comparação a outros mamíferos, o que torna a referida espécie muito singular. Assim o conhecimento de suas particularidades é fundamental para abordagens clínico-cirúrgicas mais seguras.

The objective was to describe the anatomical accidents of the long bones of the thoracic limb of Tamandua tetradactyla by means of macroscopic and radiographic analyzes. We used 34 specimens, which were death by running over. Evaluation of the humerus demonstrated the same structures present in domestic animals, besides others without previous description. In the forearm, radius and ulna were completely separated, and although, like the humerus, some of the same anatomical accidents described in other species were identified, we also noticed particularities. All the structures described in the macroscopic analysis were identified on radiography, when performed in at least two orthogonal projections. The anatomic-radiographic structures of the long bones of T. tetradactyla showed great anatomical variation compared to other mammals, which makes the species very unique. Thus knowledge of their particularities is fundamental for safer clinical-surgical approaches.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Gastrointestinal nematodes are important ecological assets for the maintenance of the biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. They parasitize a number of animals of the local fauna, in which some species can promote serious injuries in the stomach wall of their hosts, which may lead to death. Among these nematodes, parasites of the genus Physaloptera are known to parasitize mammals (particularly carnivores and small rodents), birds and reptiles, being important for the local biodiversity. In this work, three hundred and sixty-two nematodes were recovered from the stomach of twenty-one Metachirus nudicaudatus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) collected in Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, State of Espírito Santo, one of the largest Atlantic Forest remnants and important wildlife refuge of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Analysis using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy as well as phylogenetic assessment using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene showed that the parasites belong to the Physaloptera. Our results show details of the nematode morphology including the cloacal papillae distribution, cuticular topography details, 2D and 3D measurements of the structures with taxonomic importance. Molecular data confirmed the validity of P. mirandai and the phylogeny supported the monophyly of the assemblage formed by Physaloptera and Turgida. The use of a combination of quantitative and multidimensional microscopy tools, such as 3D reconstruction and modeling, allied to phylogenetic analysis may provide grounds for a new approach on helminth taxonomy and structural characterization.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The 3D printer came in the 1980s. Since then, its innovation has allowed its use in many areas suchas: engineering, art, industry, education and medicine. The scanning and 3D printing of anatomical components hasgained relevance in recent years due to the advancement in the technology of scanning equipment and 3D printers.Since 3D models are useful in several areas of health, the present study aimed to standardize the three-dimensionalscanning and printing of the coxal bones and the long ones of the pelvic limbs of dogs. The aim was to build a dynamic3D digital collection, as well as generate templates for didactic use, or for use in both prostheses and orthopedicsurgical planning.Materials, Methods & Results: In present study, a 3D macroscopic scanning system, Creaform brand Go! Scan 3D modeland a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printer (Stratasys Mojo Printer) were used. After proper maceration of thebones under study, these were scanned, edited, printed and washed. Replicas of the coxal and left femur, tibia and fibulabones were obtained, as well as generating digital files that can be converted into PDFs.Discussion: From the models scanned in 3D, a dynamic digital collection was built for anatomical study, which can beused to complement practical classes. The creation of a collection of anatomical pieces printed in 3D can reduce the useof cadavers in class. The printed material can also be used as a template for orthopedic surgical planning or serve as abasis for the manufacture of prostheses, contributing to the improvement of the surgical and orthopedic clinic. 3D printing can be successfully used in veterinary medicine through the production of prostheses for injured animals as well asfor surgical planning of orthopedic procedures. The scan allows the generation of a collection for bioprinting, just as thetomography does in medical practice. Such steps are important in the final generation of parts to be used for both...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The 3D printer came in the 1980s. Since then, its innovation has allowed its use in many areas suchas: engineering, art, industry, education and medicine. The scanning and 3D printing of anatomical components hasgained relevance in recent years due to the advancement in the technology of scanning equipment and 3D printers.Since 3D models are useful in several areas of health, the present study aimed to standardize the three-dimensionalscanning and printing of the coxal bones and the long ones of the pelvic limbs of dogs. The aim was to build a dynamic3D digital collection, as well as generate templates for didactic use, or for use in both prostheses and orthopedicsurgical planning.Materials, Methods & Results: In present study, a 3D macroscopic scanning system, Creaform brand Go! Scan 3D modeland a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printer (Stratasys Mojo Printer) were used. After proper maceration of thebones under study, these were scanned, edited, printed and washed. Replicas of the coxal and left femur, tibia and fibulabones were obtained, as well as generating digital files that can be converted into PDFs.Discussion: From the models scanned in 3D, a dynamic digital collection was built for anatomical study, which can beused to complement practical classes. The creation of a collection of anatomical pieces printed in 3D can reduce the useof cadavers in class. The printed material can also be used as a template for orthopedic surgical planning or serve as abasis for the manufacture of prostheses, contributing to the improvement of the surgical and orthopedic clinic. 3D printing can be successfully used in veterinary medicine through the production of prostheses for injured animals as well asfor surgical planning of orthopedic procedures. The scan allows the generation of a collection for bioprinting, just as thetomography does in medical practice. Such steps are important in the final generation of parts to be used for both...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Com escopo de instituir uma metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem alternativa foram realizadas idênticas avaliações logo após aulas teóricas e práticas com alunos de Anatomia Veterinária da UNICENTRO. Para as respostas empregou-se uma quantificação em escalas conceituais entre 1 a 5. Sendo 1 o conceito de menor compreensão conceitual e domínio do conteúdo e, 5 de maior conhecimento e compreensão. Diversos alunos que se encontravam entre conceitos 2 ou 3 na avaliação pós aula teórica, quando refeita a avaliação após a aula prática, demonstraram avanços conceituais aos valores 4 e 5. Conclui-se que a assimilação do conteúdo foi alcançada com esta metodologia.(AU)

With the objective of establishing an alternative teaching-learning methodology, the same evaluations were developed after theoretical and practical classes with students of Veterinary Anatomy of UNICENTRO. For the answers, we used a quantification in conceptual scales between 1 and 5. Being 1 the concept of less conceptual understanding and mastery of content, and 5 of greater knowledge and understanding. Several students who were between concepts 2 or 3 in the post-theoretical evaluation, when re-evaluation after the practical class, showed conceptual advances to values 4 and 5. It was concluded that the assimilation of content was achieved with this methodology.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Com escopo de instituir uma metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem alternativa foram realizadas idênticas avaliações logo após aulas teóricas e práticas com alunos de Anatomia Veterinária da UNICENTRO. Para as respostas empregou-se uma quantificação em escalas conceituais entre 1 a 5. Sendo 1 o conceito de menor compreensão conceitual e domínio do conteúdo e, 5 de maior conhecimento e compreensão. Diversos alunos que se encontravam entre conceitos 2 ou 3 na avaliação pós aula teórica, quando refeita a avaliação após a aula prática, demonstraram avanços conceituais aos valores 4 e 5. Conclui-se que a assimilação do conteúdo foi alcançada com esta metodologia.

With the objective of establishing an alternative teaching-learning methodology, the same evaluations were developed after theoretical and practical classes with students of Veterinary Anatomy of UNICENTRO. For the answers, we used a quantification in conceptual scales between 1 and 5. Being 1 the concept of less conceptual understanding and mastery of content, and 5 of greater knowledge and understanding. Several students who were between concepts 2 or 3 in the post-theoretical evaluation, when re-evaluation after the practical class, showed conceptual advances to values 4 and 5. It was concluded that the assimilation of content was achieved with this methodology.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The origins, ramifications and distributions of the left and right facial arteries were studied in 30 stillborn pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) of the Sadia lineage, 17 males and 13 females, with the aim of increasing morphological knowledge of these structures in terms of their localization and distribution. The species was chosen for its well known commercial importance. The specimen had its artery system filled with stained solution of neoprene latex 601 A and afterwards fixed in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde at 10%. It was observed that in 100% of the studied animals the facial arteries originated from the ventrolateral surface of  the external carotid artery, rostrally to the lingual artery. The gland branches divided, supplying the mandibular, parotid, monostomática portion of the sublingual and part of the cervical thymus in muscular branches, irrigating the medial pterygoid, masseter, ventral aspect of the digastrics and cutaneous of the face muscles. Furthermore, the pharyngal branch irrigated the soft palate, tympanic bula and basihyoid, and the submentalis artery was directed towards the submental and the dorsal face of the digastrics muscles.

Estudou-se as origens, ramificações e distribuições das artérias faciais direita e esquerda em 30 (trinta) suínos natimortos (Sus scrofa domesticus) da linhagem Sadia, 17 (dezessete) machos e 13(treze) fêmeas. Os espécimes tiveram os seus sistemas arteriais preenchidos com solução corada de neoprene látex 601 A e a seguir foram fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Notou-se que em 100% dos animais pesquisados as artérias faciais originaram-se das superfícies ventrolaterais das artérias carótidas externas, rostralmente às artérias linguais. Ramificaram-se em ramos glandulares suprindo as glândulas mandibulares, parótidas, porção monostomática das glândulas sublinguais e parte cervical do timo; em ramos musculares irrigando os músculos pterigóideos mediais, masseteres, faces ventrais dos músculos digástricos e cutâneos da face. Ainda, o ramo faríngico nutrindo o palato mole, a bula timpânica e o basihióide, e por último as artérias submentonianas que direcionaram-se para os músculos milohióideos e faces dorsais dos músculos digástricos.

Assuntos