RESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos doadores de tecidos oculares humanos na área de atuação do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba, destacando o impacto da sorologia positiva para hepatite B no descarte dos tecidos para transplante. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e utilizou dados do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022. Dados sobre procedência, idade, sexo, causa do óbito, tempo entre óbito e enucleação, resultados sorológicos e motivo de descarte das córneas dos doadores foram coletados. Resultados: O maior motivo de descarte foi por sorologia positiva (56,5%), sendo positivadas as sorologias positivas para hepatite B e HBsAg em 11,1% e 4,75% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A sorologia positiva para hepatite B como um critério de descarte absoluto é responsável por grande parcela de descartes, apesar da pouca informação sobre suas repercussões e representação de infectividade nos receptores do transplante.
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the profile of human ocular tissue donors in the area covered by the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB), highlighting the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) in the disposal of tissues for transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional that uses data from the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB) between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on origin, age, sex, cause of death, time between death and enucleation, serological results, and reason for discarded donor corneas were collected. Results: The main reason for discarding was due to positive serology (56.5%), with positive anti-HBc and HBsAg serology in 11.1% and 4.75% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-HBc positive serology as an absolute disposal criterion is responsible for great part of disposals, despite little information about its repercussions and representation of infectivity in transplant recipients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Córnea/normas , Transplante de Córnea/estatística & dados numéricos , Seleção do Doador/normas , Bancos de Olhos/normas , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Testes Sorológicos/normas , Vírus da Hepatite B , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/legislação & jurisprudência , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/estatística & dados numéricos , Bancos de Olhos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/transmissão , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análiseRESUMO
An electrochemical immunosensor devoted the core hepatitis B antibody detection, based on polytyramine (PTy) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite was developed. The antibody interactions with immobilized antigens were detected by reduction on the electron transfer from ionic species coming from reactive amine groups of PTy. The synthesis in acid medium of PTy-CNT composite favorite a great amount of NH3+ ionic species, forming a nanocomposite with high catalytic activity on the electrode surface. As proof-of-concept, antibodies against the core hepatitis B virus were label-free and reagentless electrochemically detected by square wave voltammetry (SWV) through decrease on cathodic peaks. It was recently reported that hepatitis B core antigen antibodies (anti-HBc) is a powerful biomarker for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, being more specific than HBsAg due to the possibility of detecting the occult HBV infections. The nanostructured film was characterized by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical techniques. This immunosensor showed linear responses from 1.0 to 5.0 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.89 ng mL-1 anti-HBc. It was also tested in assays with negative and positive blood samples using 0.1 M KCl as electrolyte support on readings showing specific responses. This easy reagentless detection platform, showing a remarkable potential to development of bolder and simpler HBV assay for screening of blood bags, in attempting to circumvent point-of-care testing limitations.
Assuntos
Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Eletrodos , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/sangue , Humanos , Imunoensaio , Indicadores e Reagentes , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Coloração e Rotulagem , Tiramina/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: a peculiar form of fulminant hepatitis known as Labrea hepatitis, probably related to hepatitis B and D, has been reported in Brazilian Amazon as early as the 1930s. METHODS: we reviewed the postmortem liver biopsies of 9 patients with Labrea Hepatitis. Immunostaining for HBV and HDV antigens were performed. RESULTS: we found several important characteristics in the liver tissues: 1) moderate hepatocellular necro-inflammation, 2) hepatocellular ballooning, 3) ballooned hepatocytes with fat droplets surrounding the nucleus (morula-like cells or spongiocytes), 4) mild to moderate necrosis and/or mild portoseptal fibrosis. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was identified in 7 of the 9 cases and was concentrated in the Morula-like cells. Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was present in 5 cases, mostly in the hepatocyte's nucleous. The hepatitis D virus antigen (HDV Ag) was present in 5 cases, mostly in the cytoplasm and concentrated in the Morula-like cells. CONCLUSION: labrea hepatitis is a fatal disease mostly affecting isolated communities in the Amazon. Evidence implicates HBV and HDV in the etiology of this disease, but this hypothesis needs to be confirmed with genotyping and sequencing research on HBV DNA and HDV RNA extracted from the liver and sera of these patients.
Assuntos
Hepatite B/patologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Hepatite D/patologia , Hepatite D/virologia , Fígado/patologia , Adolescente , Autopsia , Biomarcadores/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite D/imunologia , Antígenos da Hepatite delta/análise , Humanos , Fígado/virologia , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
We tested 869 subjects attending either an urban adolescent medicine clinic or a school-based clinic for antibody to hepatitis C virus. Demographic data indicated a representative study sample, and behaviors associated with hepatitis C virus transmission. One subject (0.1%) was seropositive for antibody to hepatitis C virus, indicating a very low prevalence of hepatitis C virus exposure in adolescents.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Saúde da População Urbana , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Boston/epidemiologia , Criança , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite C/transmissão , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Assunção de Riscos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The State of Amazonas in the Brazilian Amazon region is an area of high prevalence of hepatitis B and D virus (HBV and HDV) infection. The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological patterns and risk factors of HBV and HDV infections in Barcelos, in the basin of the Negro river. A random sample (798 in all) of the total population in the urban area and in 2 rural villages was surveyed. A standardized questionnaire was used and blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: 1.63% had hepatitis B surface antigen, 12.9% had anti-hepatitis B surface antibody and 21.4% had anti-hepatitis B core antigen. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 24.6%. Anti-hepatitis D was present in 5 subjects, all of them non-natives, and hepatitis B e antigen in 2. A positive association between history of dental treatment with an unqualified dental surgeon was found (P < 0.05). These results suggest a low prevalence of HVB and HDV infection, in contrast with other parts of the Amazon area.
Assuntos
Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hepatite B/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite D/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de AmostragemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This research work intended to describe the characteristics and the seroprevalence of some sexually transmitted diseases (STD), in men working in bars where female commercial sex takes place. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included an evaluation of 171 males during 1993, who were employed in bars and who were potentially at risk of contact with female commercial sex workers (FCSW). A structured survey was conducted in order to collect information about social, demographic and sexual behavior characteristics. Blood samples were also obtained to test for antibodies against Treponema pallidum (RPR/FTA-ABS), human immunodeficiency virus (VIH) (ELISA, Western blot), Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) (Western blot) and the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (ELISA). RESULTS: Test results showed low infection rates of HIV, T: pallidum and HBV: 0%, 2.4% and 1.8%, respectively. However, their HSV-2 infection proportion (32.4%) was considered intermediate in comparison to the prevalence of FCSW from bars (55.5%), to that found in heterosexual men (14.6%), and to proportions found in women general population (29.3% and 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The men's age and a history of sexual intercourse with FCSW were strong predictors of HSV-2 infection. These findings evidence a relationship between men working in bars and FCSW in terms of STD transmission and show the need for preventive care directed to this group.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Ocupações , Trabalho Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Western Blotting , Educação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Teste de Absorção do Anticorpo Treponêmico Fluorescente , HIV/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Herpesvirus Saimiriíneo 2/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/imunologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Treponema pallidum/imunologiaRESUMO
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted in the dialysis setting through blood transfusions and environmental surfaces. Transfusion related hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is very well known, but only recently the environmental transmission of this virus was postulated. In order to study the prevalence, mechanisms of transmission, and the ALT patterns of HBV and HCV infections in hemodialysis and CAPD patients before the implementation of HBV vaccination and HCV screening in the blood bank, we conducted a study from January 1987 to January 1990. Sera from 185 hemodialysis and 124 CAPD patients were stored in this period and later analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV (second generation ELISA). The prevalence of any HBV marker was 55.7% (103/185) for hemodialysis patients and 31.5% (39/124) for CAPD patients (hemodialysis vs. CAPD, p < 0.001). The prevalence of positive anti-HCV was 35.1% (65/185) for hemodialysis and 33.9% (42/124) for CAPD patients (not significant). There was a significant association between HBV markers positivity and anti-HCV positivity. The multivariate analysis of risk factors revealed an association of the positivity of each virus with the duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT), number of previous blood transfusions, and past history of hemodialysis treatment. Thus, besides the transfusion-related transmission, hemodialysis environmental transmission may also occur for both viruses. The findings of a high prevalence of both viruses and evidence for environmental transmission in the dialysis setting are of major importance for the planning of future preventive measures.
Assuntos
Hepatite B/transmissão , Hepatite C/transmissão , Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Feminino , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/análise , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Transplante de Rim , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
In spring 1991, Belizian health officials expressed concern about a possible hepatitis outbreak in a banana farming district. A study was designed to identify cases and to address the serological prevalence of hepatitis virus markers. Three populations were studied: (i) persons meeting a clinical case definition for hepatitis; (ii) designated banana workers; and (iii) people in a random sample of households in the community. Information was collected using questionnaires and sera were collected for laboratory testing. This report presents the preliminary results of a study conducted in June 1991. Among people who met the clinical case definition, 24 percent of 42 tested had immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc IgM). In the worker and household survey populations, 248 and 280 people, respectively, were tested for anti-HBc IgM. In each group, 4 percent were positive. HBV surface antigen was found in 37 percent of 43 clinical cases, 18 percent of workers, and 13 percent of people in the household survey. Among the 3 study populations, the prevalence of HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) ranged from 73 percent to 81 percent. Almost all tested persons had evidence of prior infection with hepatitis viruses A and B was widespread, but an aetiology could not be established for most of the clinical cases. However, the prevalence of hepatitis B markers in this population was very high compared to other reports from the Caribbean (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Rural , Belize/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
In spring 1991, Belizian health officials expressed concern about a possible hepatitis outbreak in a banana farming district. A study was designed to identify cases and to address the serological prevalence of hepatitis virus markers. Three populations were studied: (i) persons meeting a clinical case definition for hepatitis; (ii) designated banana workers; and (iii) people in a random sample of households in the community. Information was collected using questionnaires and sera were collected for laboratory testing. This report presents the preliminary results of a study conducted in June 1991. Among people who met the clinical case definition, 24% of 42 tested had immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc IgM). In the worker and household survey populations, 284 and 280 people, respectively, were tested for anti-HBc IgM. In each group, 4% were positive. HBV surface antigen was found in 37% of 43 clinical cases, 18% of workers, and 13% of people in the household survey. Among the 3 study populations, the prevalence of HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) ranged from 73% to 81%. Almost all tested persons had evidence of prior hepatitis A virus infection. Evidence of prior infection with hepatitis viruses A and B was widespread, but an aetiology could not be established for most of the clinical cases. However, the prevalence of hepatitis B markers in this population was very high compared to other reports from the Caribbean.
Assuntos
Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Rural , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Belize/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
We have analysed anti-HBc and anti-HCV antibodies in serum samples from 799 donors which had their blood or derivates transfused to 111 recipients. Anti-HBc and anti-HCV were reactive in respectively 9 and 2.1 of the donors tested. We have observed that among the 111 recipients, 44 had received at least one positive anti-HBc unit and 67 had been transfused only with negative anti-HBc, units. The risk of developing hepatitis C virus was 4.5 times higher for the recipients who received at least one positive anti-HBc unit. If the test for anti-HBc had been made for the blood donors in the serological screening, about 56 of the HCV cases in the recipients could have been avoided. The population of recipients who received at least one reacting unit of anti-HCV, presented a risk 29 times higher of developing this hepatitis, as compared to the transfused recipients with all anti-HCV negative units. Testing blood from donors for anti-HCV would avoid 79 of the post-transfusional HCV cases. Brazilian candidates to blood donors seem to be carriers either simultaneously or sequentially to hepatitis virus B and C, since 44.4 of the positive anti-HCV were also positive for anti-HBc. Testing for anti-HBc and anti-HCV in blood screening must be indicated in order to prevent post-transfusional hepatitis transmission in our community.