Assuntos
Aspirina/história , Pediatria/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Síndrome de Reye/história , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/história , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Criança , História do Século XX , Humanos , Síndrome de Reye/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Hypersensitivity reactions to acetylsalicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs constitute a major medical concern worldwide. This article presents an overview of the observations that led to the discovery of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, as a prerequisite to better understand the basic concepts supporting seminal investigations carried out in order to elucidate the clinical features, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis and modern management of these common conditions. There are some unmet needs in this clinical area which will have to be solved in the future, especially concerning the pathogenesis of these reactions and the availability of novel in vitro diagnostic methods sparing both patient and physician of the risks inherent to in vivo provocation tests.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/história , Aspirina/síntese química , Aspirina/história , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , HumanosRESUMO
El presente artículo trata acerca de la evolución histórica de los diferentes métodos que ha usado el hombre para el tratamiento del dolor físico, desde los primeros intentos que vienen de tiempos remotos con el empleo de brebajes y procedimientos diversos, hasta la aparición de la Anestesia General, Anestesia Local, los AINES y otros métodos terapéuticos que se usan en la actualidad.
Assuntos
Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/história , Dor/história , EntorpecentesRESUMO
Even at the beginning of the next millennium, aspirin will still offer surprises. Its relatively young pharmacological history compares with the early use of salicylate-containing plants since antiquity. The Assyrians and the Egyptians were aware of the analgesic effects of a decoction of myrtle or willow leaves for joint pains. Hippocrates recommended chewing willow leaves for analgesia in childbirth and the Reverend Edward Stones is acknowledged as the first person to scientifically define the beneficial antipyretic effects of willow bark. At the beginning of the 19th century salicin was extracted from willow bark and purified. Although a French chemist, Charles Gerhardt, was the first to synthesize aspirin in a crude form, the compound was ignored, and later studied by Felix Hoffmann. He reportedly tested the rediscovered agent on himself and on his father, who suffered from chronic arthritis--a legend was born and Bayer Laboratories rose to the heights of the pharmacological world. First used for its potent analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties, aspirin was successfully used as an antithrombotic agent. Sir John Vane elucidated aspirin's active mechanism as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase and received the Nobel Price in Medicine for this work in 1982. Two isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) have now been identified, each possessing similar activities, but differing in characteristic tissue expression. The cox enzyme is now a target of drug interventions against the inflammatory process. After two centuries of evaluation, aspirin remains topical, and new therapeutic indications are increasingly being studied.