RESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A insuficiência mitral (IM) secundária é resultado da dilatação do anel mitral ou tração do aparelho subvalvar, proveniente de doenças atriais ou ventriculares. A presença de regurgitação mitral associada à miocardiopatia isquêmica ou dilatada é marcador de mau prognóstico. O tratamento deve ser dirigido para doença de base e otimizado seguindo as recomendações das diretrizes de insuficiência cardíaca. Porém a intervenção valvar mitral está indicada em pacientes refratários ao tratamento clínico otimizado. A abordagem percutânea da valva mitral tem emergido como uma possibilidade de tratamento. O Millipede é o primeiro dispositivo, dirigido para redução do anel mitral dilatado, implantado por cateter. Série de 7 casos descritos por Rogers et al em 2019 evidenciaram redução da regurgitação mitral e melhora de classe funcional em 30 dias após o procedimento, porém, com descrições escassas a longo prazo. Apesar de não ser um dispositivo utilizado atualmente, seu uso marca o início das abordagens percutâneas no tratamento da IM secundária. RELATO DE CASO: MCAS, sexo feminino, 75 anos, portadora de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes insulino-dependente, doença renal crônica estagio 3b e doença arterial coronária, submetida à angioplastia para artéria coronária direita em 2012 e circunflexa em 2016 e 2017. A mesma evoluiu com IC refratária ao tratamento clínico otimizado. O ecocardiograma evidenciou IM importante, dilatação do anel mitral, secundária à miocardiopatia, fração de ejeção (FEVE) de 43%. Foi incluída em protocolo de estudo, sendo implantado dispositivo Millipede em dezembro de 2018. Procedimento realizado sem intercorrências, IM discreta pós-procedimento, recebeu alta hospitalar após 2 dias. Paciente mantém seguimento semestral, atualmente com 5 anos de evolução clínica e ecocardiográfica. Paciente mantém-se em classe funcional I, ecocardiograma de controle demonstra prótese normofuncionante, aumento discreto do volume atrial, refluxo mitral discreto e melhora de FEVE (50%). CONCLUSÃO: A anuloplastia percutânea no caso relatado foi segura e eficaz com resultado mantido em 5 anos de evolução. Essa técnica deve ser aperfeiçoada e melhor estudada, sendo uma opção viável para a abordagem da IM secundária, com dilatação do anel mitral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência Cardíaca , CardiomiopatiasAssuntos
Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Coração Auxiliar , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study examines early- and long-term outcomes of mitral valve repairs in a low-volume cardiac surgery centre in the Caribbean. METHODS: Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent mitral valve repair from April 2009 to December 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: functional mitral regurgitation requiring simple mitral annuloplasty (FMR, n=63) or structural degenerative mitral regurgitation requiring more complex repair (DMR, n=33). Data collected prospectively were retrospectively analysed from the unit-maintained cardiac surgery database. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality in the whole series was 2.1%, with 3% in the FMR group and 0% in the DMR group. Early post-operative echocardiography in the FMR group demonstrated 51 patients (83.6%) without mitral regurgitation, 8 patients (13.1%) with trivial to mild regurgitation, and 2 patients (3.3%) with moderate regurgitation. However, at a mean follow-up of 98.2±50.8, only 21 patients (42.8%) were in NYHA class I, with 7 (14.2%) in class II, 16 (32.6%) in class III, and 5 (10.2%) in class IV. There were 9 cardiac-related deaths at final follow-up, with freedom from re-operation and survival of 98% and 75.6%, respectively. In the DMR group, early post-operative echocardiography demonstrated 29 patients (87.9%) without mitral regurgitation, 3 patients (9.1%) with trivial regurgitation and 1 patient (3.0%) with mild regurgitation. At a mean follow-up of 114.1±25.4 months, there was a good functional post-operative status in this group with 93.3% in NYHA class I, and 6.7% in class II. No patient required reintervention, 96.3% of patients had mild or no mitral regurgitation and survival was 90.9%. CONCLUSION: Despite challenges of maintaining skills in a low-volume centre, mitral valve repair can be performed safely with good early- and long-term results.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Seguimentos , Humanos , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/métodos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Mitral valvuloplasty including ring/band support is widely performed despite potential drawbacks of rings. Unsupported valvuloplasty is performed in only a few centers. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of patients undergoing unsupported valvuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) and to identify predictive factors for outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort including patients undergoing mitral valve repair for degenerative MR from 2000 to 2018. The main techniques were Wooler annuloplasty and quadrangular resection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred fifty-eight patients were included (median age: 64.0 years). In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Maximum follow-up was 19.6 years, with a median of 4.7 years (992 patient-years). Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 91.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.7-96.3), 87.6% (95% CI: 80.7-94.5), and 78.1% (95% CI: 65.9-90.3), respectively. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II was an independent predictor of late death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; P=0.016). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 5, 10, and 15 years was 88.1% (95% CI: 82.0-94.2), 82.4% (95% CI: 74.6-90.2), and 75.7% (95% CI: 64.1-87.3), respectively. Left atrial diameter > 56 mm was associated with late reintervention in univariate analysis (HR 1.06; P=0.049). Conclusion: Degenerative MR can be successfully treated with repair techniques without annular support, thus avoiding the technical and logistical drawbacks of ring/band implantation while maintaining good long-term results. EuroSCORE II was a risk factor for late death, and larger left atrium was associated with late reoperation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Abstract A rare case of congenital mitral insufficiency characterized by a fenestration in the anterior leaflet of mitral valve is reported. At operation, the mitral valve was successfully repaired by closure of unusual valvular tissue orifice with bovine pericardium and suture of the free edge between A1 and A2 without a ring annuloplasty.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Tricúspide , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Abstract Background Although cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women, few data exist on risk factors and treatment of these diseases in women. This leads to a delay in the institution of appropriate therapies and worse outcomes in this population. Objective We aimed to identify predictors of morbidity and mortality in women undergoing isolated mitral valve replacement. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study with 104 women who underwent isolated mitral valve replacement at a referral hospital for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, performed from January 2011 to December 2016. Data were obtained from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio, unpaired Student's t-test, and binary logistic regression. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Mean age of patients was 43.73 (±13.85) years. Most patients had a diagnosis of rheumatic disease prior to surgery (76%; N=79). Mortality rate was 4.9% (N = 5). There was a statistically higher risk of death among patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (<50%) (OR = 14.833, 95% CI 2.183 - 100.778, P=0.001) and older age (P = 0.009). There was an inverse association between a previous diagnosis of rheumatic disease and death (OR = 0.064, 95% CI 0.007 - 0.606, P=0.002). Logistic regression showed reduced EF at preoperative evaluation as a predictor of death and a diagnosis of rheumatic disease as a protective factor. Conclusion Older age and reduced EF were associated with postoperative mortality. Reduced EF was a predictor of death, and rheumatic disease was associated with better surgical outcomes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Volume Sistólico , Fatores Etários , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/efeitos adversos , Doenças Reumáticas/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
A rare case of congenital mitral insufficiency characterized by a fenestration in the anterior leaflet of mitral valve is reported. At operation, the mitral valve was successfully repaired by closure of unusual valvular tissue orifice with bovine pericardium and suture of the free edge between A1 and A2 without a ring annuloplasty.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva TricúspideRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Mitral valvuloplasty including ring/band support is widely performed despite potential drawbacks of rings. Unsupported valvuloplasty is performed in only a few centers. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of patients undergoing unsupported valvuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) and to identify predictive factors for outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort including patients undergoing mitral valve repair for degenerative MR from 2000 to 2018. The main techniques were Wooler annuloplasty and quadrangular resection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight patients were included (median age: 64.0 years). In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Maximum followup was 19.6 years, with a median of 4.7 years (992 patient-years). Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 91.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.7-96.3), 87.6% (95% CI: 80.7-94.5), and 78.1% (95% CI: 65.9-90.3), respectively. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II was an independent predictor of late death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; P=0.016). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 5, 10, and 15 years was 88.1% (95% CI: 82.0-94.2), 82.4% (95% CI: 74.6-90.2), and 75.7% (95% CI: 64.1-87.3), respectively. Left atrial diameter > 56 mm was associated with late reintervention in univariate analysis (HR 1.06; P=0.049). CONCLUSION: Degenerative MR can be successfully treated with repair techniques without annular support, thus avoiding the technical and logistical drawbacks of ring/band implantation while maintaining good long-term results. EuroSCORE II was a risk factor for late death, and larger left atrium was associated with late reoperation.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: As biopróteses possuem durabilidade aproximada de 12 a 20 anos. Neste período, complicações relacionadas à degeneração protética podem exigir novas intervenções. Mas o elevado risco de uma reoperação, principalmente se o paciente estiver clinicamente descompensado, tornam a cirurgia convencional muito arriscada ou mesmo proibitiva. Neste cenário, o implante valvar dentro da bioprótese degenerada (valve in valve) se mostrou como opção alternativa e viável. Relatamos um caso de correção de insuficiência aórtica grave por falência estrutural de bioprótese através de valve in valve (ViV) com sucesso em paciente gravemente descompensado. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Homem, 66 anos, hipertenso, implante de bioprótese aórtica e plastia mitral em 2011, devido dupla lesão aórtica e mitral, sem seguimento clínico. Procurou o pronto socorro por dispnéia aos mínimos esforços e anasarca há uma semana. Admitido em IC perfil B. Após tratamento com diuréticos, o ecocardiograma transtorácico (ecoTT) revelou: aumento atrial esquerdo importante (volume indexado de 96 mL/m²); fração de ejeção do VE (FEVE) de 45% - Simpson; bioprótese aórtica apresentava folhetos com hipermobilidade e prolapso, sugestivos de fratura, com refluxo importante, gradiente sistólico (GS) máximo de 69 mmHg, GS médio de 36mmHg e área valvar (AV) de 1,3 cm2. Valva mitral com aspecto de plastia exibindo refluxo de grau importante. Internado para programação cirúrgica a princípio, mas após discussão com Heart Team, e considerando STS de 27 %, indicada a realização de "Valve-in-valve". A angiotomografia com parâmetros anatômicos adequados para o tratamento percutâneo. Procedimento realizado com técnica simplificada e otimizada ("minimalista"), sob sedação. Gradientes pré implante de prótese: VE 120 x 15 mmHg e Aorta 100 x 30 mmHg. Implante de bioprótese Myval 20 e pós dilatação com cateter balão ATLAS GOLD 22 x 40mm com sucesso conforme parâmetros do ecoTT. Após implante valvar, novos gradientes foram adquiridos: VE 130 x 15 mmHg e Aorta 128 x 70 mmHg. Paciente evoluiu com melhora clínica significativa. EcoTT do 1o dia pós procedimento revelou refluxo mitral de grau discreto a moderado e ausência de refluxo aórtico, gradiente GS máximo 21 mmHg, GS médio 11 mmHg, AV 1,4 cm2. O paciente demostrou melhora rápida de sua classe funcional (CF I). CONCLUSÃO: No caso descrito, a realização de "Valve-in-valve" após complicação estrutural de bioprótese constituiu tratamento seguro, efetivo e alternativa à intervenção cirúrgica convencional.