RESUMO
Resumo A principal causa de óbito na contemporaneidade são as doenças cardiovasculares. Arteriosclerose, aterosclerose, arteriolosclerose e arteriosclerose de Monckeberg são termos frequentemente utilizados como sinônimos, mas traduzem alterações distintas. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir os conceitos de arteriosclerose, aterosclerose, arteriolosclerose e esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg. O termo arteriosclerose é considerado mais genérico, significando o enrijecimento e a consequente perda de elasticidade da parede arterial, abarcando os demais tipos. A aterosclerose é uma doença inflamatória secundária a lesões na camada íntima, que tem como principal complicação obstrução crônica e aguda do lúmen arterial. A arteriolosclerose se refere ao espessamento das arteríolas, particularmente relacionada à hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Já a esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg designa a calcificação, não obstrutiva, da lâmina elástica interna ou da túnica média de artérias musculares. As calcificações vasculares, que incluem lesões ateroscleróticas e a esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg, vêm sendo estudadas como um fator de risco para a morbimortalidade cardiovascular.
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in contemporary times. Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis are terms that are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different vascular pathologies. The objective of this study is to review the concepts of atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis and Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis (MMCS). The term arteriosclerosis is more generic, meaning the stiffening and consequent loss of elasticity of the arterial wall, and encompasses the other terms. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease secondary to lesions in the intimal layer and whose main complication is acute and chronic obstruction of the arterial lumen. Arteriolosclerosis refers to thickening of arterioles, particularly in association with systemic arterial hypertension. MMCS refers to non-obstructive calcification in the internal elastic lamina or the tunica media of muscular arteries. Vascular calcifications, which include atherosclerotic lesions and MMCS, have been studied as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Arteriosclerose/fisiopatologia , Arteriolosclerose/fisiopatologia , Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Esclerose Calcificante da Média de Monckeberg/fisiopatologia , Arteriosclerose/classificação , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Arteriolosclerose/classificação , Aterosclerose/classificação , Esclerose Calcificante da Média de Monckeberg/classificação , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
La arterioesclerosis, es un proceso complejo y multifactorial que se inicia con la identificación de la estría lipídica a los 3 años de edad, lesión que progresa a placa fibrosa y lesión complicada en los años posteriores. La obesidad, es definida como una deposición excesiva de grasa en el cuerpo, que está asociado con consecuencias adversas para parámetros metabólicos, también consecuencias a corto y largo plazo y usualmente también con problemas psicosociales significativos y el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. Las dislipemias son uno conjunto de entidades que afectan al metabolismo lipídico y cuyos efectos nocivos son determinantes en el desarrollo del proceso de arteriosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial complex process that begins with the identification of lipid streak at 3 years of age, injury progressing to fibrous plaque and complicated lesión in subsequent years. Obesity is defined as an excessive deposition of fat in the body, wich is associated with adverse metabolic parameters, also the short-and long-term and usually also with significant psychosocial problems and chronic disease development. The dyslipidemias are one set of entities that affect lipid metabolism and the harmful effects are crucial in the development of aterosclerosis process.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Arteriosclerose/classificação , Arteriosclerose/diagnóstico , Arteriosclerose/metabolismo , Obesidade/classificação , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/classificação , Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos LipídeosRESUMO
Atherosclerosis is a very complex disease and while research about its aetiology and development advances, it is more difficult to understand its pathology. Because of this atherosclerosis is not easy to define. Old and even new definitions are incomplete. Most of them do not take into consideration the endothelium on both sides, and some risk factors such as high blood pressure are ignored. Here we present a proposal for a redefinition of atherosclerosis and look forward to having a better understanding about the why and how of this lethal disease.
Assuntos
Arteriosclerose/classificação , Arteriosclerose/etiologia , Arteriosclerose/patologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicaçõesRESUMO
El progreso logrado en el tratamiento de la diabetes a partir de la introduccion de la insulina permitio que disminuyera la mortalidad causada por las descompensaciones agudas de la enfermedad, pero en cambio dio lugar a un aumento de la frecuencia y la gravedad de las complicaciones cronicas de la diabetes
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Arteriosclerose/classificação , Diabetes Mellitus/complicações , Arteriosclerose/fisiopatologia , Aldeído Redutase , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/fisiologiaRESUMO
A new approach to study the atherosclerotic lesions (AL) applying a vectorial system is presented. The "lesional state vector" (LSV) is formed by using as vectors the three main types of AL, e.g. fatty streak, fibrous plaque and severe plaque (complicated and calcified considered together) as the coordinates. This vectorial representation is part of a biometric system described in 1982 by Carlevaro and Fernández-Britto, to characterize the AL in any vascular sector or group of patients. The LSV is a suitable tool to study the AL since it conserves all the information available as primary data and it is extremely useful for comparative studies applying different statistical techniques, including multivariate approaches. To demonstrate its advantage, we studied the coronary vessels (right, left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries), the cerebral arteries (circle of Willis) and the aorta (thoracic and abdominal segments) in 2,043 autopsies performed during 5 years (1981-1985). The patients were classified according to the primary cause of death, as high atherosclerotic (HAG) or low atherosclerotic groups (LAG), comprising 1,171 and 872 cases, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative gross analysis were done by a digitizer joined to a personal computer (NEC 9801, Japan). These data were processed on computer ES 1040, GDR. The statistical techniques applied (including the multivariate analysis) were those available in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Applying the LSV to the arteries studied it was found that in the coronary arteries and in the circle of Willis, the severe plaque and the fibrous plaque played the most important roles, respectively. Graphic representation can make differentiation between HAG and LAG easy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)