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OBJECTIVE: To assess FEES findings in defining oral feeding safety in children with suspected dysphagia, comparing them with clinical feeding evaluation results. METHODS: This study comprised a case series involving children with suspected dysphagia, referred for evaluation by otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) at a Brazilian quaternary public university hospital. These children underwent both clinical evaluations and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), with a comprehensive collection of demographic and clinical data. Subsequently, the authors performed a comparative analysis of findings from both assessments. RESULTS: Most patients successfully completed the FEES procedure (93.7%), resulting in a final number of 60 cases included in the study. The prevalence of dysphagia was confirmed in a significant 88% of these cases. Suspected aspiration on clinical SLP evaluation was present in 34 patients. Of these, FEES confirmed aspiration or penetration in 28 patients. Among the 35 patients with aspiration or penetration on FEES, 7 (20%) had no suspicion on SLP clinical assessment. All seven patients in whom clinical SLP evaluation failed to predict penetration/aspiration had neurological disorders. The median age of the children was 2.8 years, and 49 (81.6%) had neurological disorders, while 35 (58.3%) had chronic pulmonary disease. The most prevalent complaints were choking (41.6%) and sialorrhea (23.3%). CONCLUSION: FEES can diagnose structural anomalies of the upper aerodigestive tract and significantly contribute to the detection of aspiration and penetration in this group of patients with suspected dysphagia, identifying moderate and severe dysphagia even in cases where clinical assessment had no suspicion.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combined impact of videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) and therapeutic feeding and swallowing interventions on clinical outcomes in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD). METHODS: This was an uncontrolled longitudinal analytical study in which OPD patients were evaluated before and after VFSS. Children ≤ 24 months of age diagnosed with OPD in a clinical setting and undergoing VFSS for investigation and management of OPD were included in the study. The study participants received therapeutic feeding and swallowing interventions after having undergone VFSS, being followed at an outpatient clinic for pediatric dysphagia in order to monitor feeding and swallowing difficulties. Respiratory and feeding outcomes were compared before and after VFSS. RESULTS: Penetration/aspiration events were observed in 61% of the VFSSs (n = 72), and therapeutic feeding and swallowing interventions were recommended for 97% of the study participants. After the VFSS, there was a reduction in the odds of receiving antibiotic therapy (OR = 0.007) and in the duration of antibiotic therapy (p = 0.014), as well as in the odds of being admitted to hospital (p = 0.024) and in the length of hospital stay (p = 0.025). A combination of oral and enteral feeding became more common than oral or enteral feeding alone (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of participants exhibited penetration/aspiration on VFSS. Therapeutic feeding and swallowing interventions following a VFSS appear to be associated with reduced respiratory morbidity in this population.

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BACKGROUND: The early identification of risk for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential for the prevention of nutritional and pulmonary complications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-PD) and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) in identifying dysphagia risk in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with PD participated in the study. EAT-10 and SDQ-PD questionnaires were applied, and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) was used to classify the presence and severity of dysphagia, and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to identify the presence of penetration/aspiration. In the statistical analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the risk questionnaires were calculated, as well as positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. RESULTS: EAT-10 to identify the risk of penetration/aspiration revealed a sensitivity of 71.42% and specificity of 45.45%; in the identification of the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 47.61%, and the specificity was 12.5%. The SDQ-PD questionnaire for risk of penetration/aspiration demonstrated a sensitivity of 28.57%, and a specificity of 68.18%. In terms of identifying the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 20%, while the specificity was 44.44%. CONCLUSION: The SDQ-PD revealed low sensitivity and low specificity to identify the presence of dysphagia and/or penetration/aspiration in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD in this sample. Despite its low specificity, the EAT-10 exhibited good sensitivity in indicating the risk of penetration/aspiration.

ANTECEDENTES: A identificação precoce de risco para disfagia nos pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) é fundamental para a prevenção de complicações nutricionais e pulmonares. OBJETIVO: Analisar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos questionários Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-PD) e Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) para a identificação do risco de disfagia em pacientes com DP nos estágios iniciais e intermediários da doença. MéTODOS: Participaram 29 pacientes com DP. Foi realizado a aplicação dos questionários EAT-10 e SDQ-PD e o exame de videofluoroscopia da deglutição. Para a classificação da presença e gravidade da disfagia foi utilizada a escala Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale e, para identificação da presença de penetração/aspiração, a escala Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Na análise estatística, calcularam-se a sensibilidade e a especificidade dos questionários de risco EAT-10 e SDQ-DP e o valor preditivo positivo, o valor preditivo negativo e a acurácia. RESULTADOS: A análise do EAT-10 para identificar o risco de penetração/aspiração revelou sensibilidade de 71.42% e especificidade de 45.45%; para identificar a presença de disfagia, a sensibilidade foi de 47,61% e a especificidade de 12.5%. Em relação ao questionário SDQ-PD, para identificar risco de penetração/aspiração, a sensibilidade foi de 28.57% e a especificidade de 68.18% e, para identificar a presença de disfagia, a sensibilidade foi de 20% e a especificidade de 44.44%. CONCLUSãO: O questionário SDQ-PD revelou baixa sensibilidade e baixa especificidade para identificar presença de disfagia e/ou penetração/aspiração em pacientes com DP em estágios iniciais e intermediários para essa amostra. O EAT-10 revelou boa sensibilidade na indicação de risco de penetração/aspiração, apesar de baixa especificidade.

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Se trata de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 28 años de edad, los antecedentes personales son: asma y consumo problemático de sustancias. Se presenta con una ingesta de un objeto metálico de unos 10 cm aproximadamente de largo, con un diámetro mayoren uno de sus extremos puntiforme (clavo); producida dos horas antes de la consulta en el Departamento de Emergencia, seguido de un breve episodio de tos.

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Pulmonary aspiration of gastric residues during anesthesia is a potentially fatal complication for which no specific treatment is available. The primary way to prevent its occurrence in the context of elective surgeries is adherence to fasting protocols. However, some clinical conditions can prolong the gastric emptying time, and the risk of aspiration may exist despite adequate fasting. Recognizing the risk factors for gastroparesis allows the adoption of preventive methods and is the primary way to reduce morbidity and mortality from pulmonary aspiration. In this scenario, the anesthesiologist can investigate the gastric content by using ultrasound, adjust the anesthetic technique, and even postpone elective surgeries. Here, we describe incidental computed tomography finding of solid contents in the stomach of a patient without prior identification of the risk factors for gastroparesis. The patient underwent elective renal nodule ablation under general anesthesia after fasting for 9 hours. During the procedure, solid contents in the stomach were noted on computed tomography. Subsequently, it was discovered that the patient had been using semaglutide for 6 days and had not disclosed this information. Semaglutide use may represent a new and significant risk factor for anesthesia-related pulmonary aspiration. Until studies provide information on the appropriate perioperative management of patients using semaglutide, anesthesiologists need to adopt preventive measures to avoid aspiration. Awareness of this potential association and open communication among patients, physicians, and anesthesia teams are essential for enhancing patient safety.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, bronchoscopic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects between children and adults. METHODS: This retrospective study compared the clinical and bronchoscopic characteristics of adults and children who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration. Data on sex, outpatient or emergency origin, bronchoscopy results, characteristics of the aspirated foreign body, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 108 patients were included in the analysis, with foreign body aspiration diagnosed in 69% of patients (30 children and 44 adults). In 91% of patients, there was a clinical history suggestive of aspiration. The mean age of the adults was 65.89 (±19.75) years, and that of the children was 2.28 (±1.78) years. Most of the children were under 3 years of age (80%), while adults were mostly 70 years of age or older (54.5%). Emergency care was more common among children than adults. The most common foreign bodies found in both age groups were organic bodies, primarily seeds. The most frequent locations of foreign bodies were the lobar bronchi in adults and the main bronchi in children. Flexible bronchoscopy is the primary method for diagnosis and treatment. Transient hypoxemia occurred particularly frequently in children (5%). CONCLUSION: Foreign body aspiration, particularly that involving seeds, is more common in the extremes of age. A clinical history suggestive of aspiration is crucial in determining the need for bronchoscopy, which should be performed as early as possible. Flexible bronchoscopy is an effective and safe diagnostic technique.

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Introducción: El cuerpo extraño en vía aérea es una patología infrecuente en el área Otorrinolaringológica, siendo la primera causa de muerte accidental de la especialidad. La alta sospecha clínica es fundamental para lograr un diagnóstico precoz. El Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica es un centro de referencia a nivel nacional para el manejo de esta patología. Objetivo: Realizar una descripción epidemiológica de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cuerpo extraño en vía aérea sometidos a revisión de vía aérea de los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica entre los años 2018-2021. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de pacientes con revisión de vía aérea realizada entre junio 2018 y julio 2021. Estudio cuenta con la aprobación del comité de ética de nuestro hospital. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 13 pacientes con diagnóstico de cuerpo extraño en vía aérea. 62% de los pacientes fueron de sexo masculino. Rango de edad entre 0 y 11 años, mediana de edad de 1 año. El 100% de los pacientes presentó algún síntoma respiratorio y un 90% presentó síndrome de penetración. El cuerpo extraño se evidenció en el 30% de las radiografías. El 100% de las revisiones de vía aérea se hizo con ventilación espontánea. El 70% se localizó en los bronquios. No hubo mortalidad asociada al procedimiento. Conclusión: Las cifras encontradas en nuestro estudio fueron similares a las reportadas en las diferentes series a nivel internacional.

Introduction: Foreign body in the airway is a rare condition in the Otorhinolaryngology field, being the leading cause of accidental death in the specialty. High clinical suspicion is crucial for achieving an early diagnosis. The Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica is a national reference center for the management of this condition. Aim: To provide an epidemiological description of patients diagnosed with foreign bodies in the airway who underwent airway review at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica between the years 2018-2021. Materials and Method: A retrospective and descriptive study. Clinical records of patients who underwent airway review between June 2018 and July 2021 were reviewed. The study has received approval from our hospital's ethics committee. Results: A total of 13 patients with a diagnosis of foreign bodies in the airway were included. 62% of the patients were male. The age ranged from 0 to 11 years, with a median age of 1 year. 100% of the patients presented respiratory symptoms, and 90% presented with a penetration syndrome. The foreign body was evident in 30% of the X-rays. All airway reviews were conducted with spontaneous ventilation. 70% of the foreign bodies were located in the bronchi. There was no mortality associated with the procedure. Conclusion: The findings in our study were similar to those reported in various international series.

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OBJECTIVE.: To determine the association between pre-bronchoscopy time of illness and post-bronchoscopy discharge time in pediatric patients with foreign body aspiration. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Retrospective cohort study. Medical records were studied and reviewed at the Pediatric Emergency Hospital of Lima, Peru. We reviewed 324 medical records, and selected 183 because they had the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration and complete data. Fisher's exact test and Mann Whitney U test were used for the bivariate analysis, while Poisson regression was used to calculate the Relative Risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS.: We included 183 patients, of whom 65.6% were men with a mean age of 2.4 years. The most frequent location of the foreign body was the right bronchial tree and most of them were made of organic material. The majority (72.7%) of patients were discharged before 24 hours. We found an association between the time of illness prior to bronchoscopy and post-bronchoscopy discharge time (RR: 2.94, 95%CI: 1.72 - 5.01). CONCLUSIONS.: The time of illness prior to bronchoscopy and the length of hospital stay after removal of the foreign body were significantly associated when adjusted for age, sex, type of foreign body and mouth sweep maneuver as a rescue measure. Our findings are relevant because they highlight the importance of early care, timely diagnosis and early management of pediatric patients.

OBJETIVOS.: Determinar la asociación entre el tiempo de enfermedad previo a broncoscopia y el tiempo de alta posbroncoscopia en pacientes pediátricos con aspiración de cuerpo extraño. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. El estudio y la revisión de historias clínicas se realizó en el Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas de Lima, Perú. Se revisaron 324 historias clínicas, de las cuales, 183 historias fueron seleccionadas por contar con diagnóstico de cuerpo extraño en vías aéreas y estar adecuadamente llenadas. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher y U de Mann Whitney, mientras que para el cálculo del riesgo relativo (RR) y su respectivo intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95% se utilizó regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS.: Se incluyeron 183 pacientes, de los cuales, el 65,6% fueron hombres con una media de 2,4 años. La localización más frecuente fue el árbol bronquial derecho y cuerpo extraño de material orgánico. La mayoría (72,7%) de pacientes tuvieron un alta temprana antes de las 24 horas. Se encontró una asociación entre el tiempo de enfermedad previo a la broncoscopia y el tiempo alta posbroncoscopia (RR: 2,94, IC 95%: 1,72-5,01). CONCLUSIONES.: Existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de enfermedad previo a la broncoscopia y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria posextracción del cuerpo extraño al ajustar por edad, sexo tipo de cuerpo extraño y maniobra de boca como medida de rescate. Este hallazgo es relevante debido a que pone en evidencia la importancia de una atención temprana, diagnóstico oportuno y manejo precoz en el paciente pediátrico.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever os dados das condenações de pulmões por aspiração de sangue em abate de suínos do estado da Bahia, no período de janeiro de 2018 a outubro de 2020, em abatedouros sob fiscalização do Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (SIE). A coleta retrospectiva foi facilitada pela Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB), através da Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA), e foram coletados dados de 255.834 suínos abatidos em matadouros frigoríficos, localizados em oito municípios. Nos anos de 2018 e 2019, a aspiração de sangue foi a lesão mais encontrada. Em 2018, foram 15,45% (1131/7322) das alterações macroscópicas e 36,48% (1131/3100) das condenações pulmonares, e em 2019, foram 14,75% (1053/7138) e 36,20% (1053/2909), respectivamente. A congestão foi a lesão mais encontrada em 2020, mas não houve diferença considerável com a aspiração de sangue, que foi destaque das condenações pulmonares, com 38,07% (712/1870). Estes dados revelam a frequência de condenação por aspiração de sangue no estado da Bahia e sugerem implementação de treinamentos de manejo não violento para os funcionários dos abatedouros frigoríficos, visto que esse tipo de lesão indica estresse e uma tecnopatia associada à falha na insensibilização e sangria, em razão do animal agonizar enquanto tenta respirar após a incisão no pescoço.

This study aims to analyze data on lung condemnations for blood aspiration in pig slaughter in the state of Bahia, Brazil from january 2018 to october 2020, in slaughterhouses under supervision of the State Inspection Service (SIE). The retrospective collection was facilitated by the Agricultural Defense Agency of Bahia (ADAB), through the Animal Transit Guide (GTA), and data were collected from 255,834 pigs slaughtered in slaughter houses located in eight municipalities. In 2018 and 2019, blood aspiration was the most common lesion. In 2018, it was 15,45% (1131/7322) of macroscopic changes and 36,48% (1131/3100) of lung condemnations, and in 2019, it was 14,75% (1053/7138) and 36,20% (1053/2909), respectively. Congestion was the most common lesion found in 2020, but there was no considerable difference with blood aspiration, which was highlighted in pulmonary condemnations, with 38,07% (712/1870). These data reveal the frequency of condemnations for blood aspiration in the state of Bahia, Brazil and suggest the implementation of training in non-violent management for employees of slaughterhouses, as this type of injury indicates stress and a technopathy as sociated with failure in stunning and bleeding, because the animal agonizes while trying to breathe after the neck incision

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RESUMO Objetivo verificar a associação entre o número de deglutições e presença de resíduo faríngeo e broncoaspiração em pessoas com esclerose múltipla. Métodos estudo transversal observacional de exames de videofluoroscopia de 231 deglutições de indivíduos com esclerose múltipla. Três fonoaudiólogas avaliaram as deglutições de IDDSI 1 (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) (5 ml e 10 ml) e IDDSI 4 (8 ml) quanto à presença de resíduo faríngeo e de penetração/aspiração. Deglutições que não apresentaram resíduo faríngeo foram classificadas como deglutições sem resíduos faríngeos (DSR) e as que apresentaram, como deglutições com resíduos faríngeos (DCR), sendo estas últimas subdivididas em resíduos faríngeos em todas as ofertas ou eventuais (DCR1 e DCR2). O número de deglutições foi analisado por um avaliador cego e comparado com os dados demográficos e clínicos. Resultados das 231 deglutições, 73 (31,6%) apresentaram resíduos faríngeos. O número médio de deglutições foi semelhante nas deglutições sem e com resíduos faríngeos em cada consistência e volume e nas variáveis idade, gênero, tipo de esclerose múltipla e incapacidade funcional. Houve associação entre a média do número de deglutições e a ausência de penetração/aspiração, quando comparada às deglutições sem e com resíduos faríngeos, nas DCR2 e em indivíduos acima de 50 anos. Ao analisar intragrupo, observou-se associação nas DCR, sendo maior na ausência de penetração/aspiração e nas DCR2. Conclusão não houve correlação entre o número de deglutições e a presença de resíduos em recessos faríngeos na esclerose múltipla. Todavia, o número de deglutições foi maior quando houve resíduo e ausência de disfagia e de penetração/aspiração, em indivíduos mais velhos.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the association between the number of swallows and the presence of pharyngeal residue and bronchoaspiration in people with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods An observational cross-sectional study of videofluoroscopic examinations of 231 swallows from individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. Three speech therapists evaluated IDDSI 1 (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) (5ml and 10ml) and IDDSI 4 (8ml) deglutitions for pharyngeal residue and penetration/ aspiration. Swallows with no pharyngeal residue were classified as swallows without pharyngeal residue (SWTR) and those with pharyngeal residue (SWR), the latter subdivided into pharyngeal residue in all or occasional offerings (SWR1 e SWR2). The number of swallows was analyzed by a blind evaluator and compared with demographic and clinical data. Results Of the 231 swallows, 73 (31.6%) showed pharyngeal residues. The mean number of swallows was similar in the deglutitions with and without pharyngeal residues in each consistency and volume and in the variables age, gender, type of Multiple Sclerosis and functional disability. There was an association between the mean number of swallows and the absence of penetration/aspiration when comparing deglutitions with and without pharyngeal residues, in SWR2 and in individuals over 50 years of age. When analyzing intragroup, an association was observed in SWR, being higher in the absence of penetration/aspiration and in SWR2. Conclusion There was no correlation between the number of swallows and the presence of residues in pharyngeal recesses in multiple sclerosis. However, the number of swallows was higher when there was residue and absence of dysphagia and penetration/aspiration, and in older individuals.

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