Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/epidemiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, doctors and public authorities have demonstrated concern about the reduction in quality of care for other health conditions due to social restrictions and lack of resources. Using a population-based stroke registry, we investigated the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in stroke admissions in Joinville, Brazil. METHODS: Patients admitted after the onset of COVID-19 restrictions in the city (defined as March 17, 2020) were compared with those admitted in 2019. We analyzed differences between stroke incidence, types, severity, reperfusion therapies, and time from stroke onset to admission. Statistical tests were also performed to compare the 30 days before and after COVID-19 to the same period in 2019. RESULTS: We observed a decrease in total stroke admissions from an average of 12.9/100 000 per month in 2019 to 8.3 after COVID-19 (P=0.0029). When compared with the same period in 2019, there was a 36.4% reduction in stroke admissions. There was no difference in admissions for severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >8), intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The onset of COVID-19 was correlated with a reduction in admissions for transient, mild, and moderate strokes. Given the need to prevent the worsening of symptoms and the occurrence of medical complications in these groups, a reorganization of the stroke-care networks is necessary to reduce collateral damage caused by COVID-19.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Hemorragias Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/terapia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Reperfusão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although headaches attributed to ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attack occur frequently, they are often overlooked and underdiagnosed as manifestations of cerebrovascular disease. METHOD: This is a narrative review. RESULTS: The prevalence of headache attributed to ischemic stroke varies between 7.4% and 34% of cases and of headache attributed to transient ischemic attack, from 26% to 36%. Headache attributed to ischemic stroke is more frequent in younger patients, in migraineurs, in those who have suffered a larger stroke, a posterior circulation infarction, or a cortical infarction, and is less frequent in lacunar infarctions. The most common pattern of headache attributed to ischemic stroke is a mild to moderate bilateral pain, not associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia. This headache usually has a concomitant onset with focal neurologic deficit and improves over time. The few studies that have assessed the value of headache for a prognosis of ischemic strokes have demonstrated conflicting results. There are no clinical trials on pain management or prophylactic treatment of persistent headache attributed to ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: Headache attributed to ischemic stroke is frequent and usually has a tension-type headache pattern. Its frequency varies according to the stroke's etiology. Further studies are required on pain management, prophylactic treatment, and characteristics of this headache.
Assuntos
Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Cefaleia/etiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Cefaleia/terapia , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Echocardiography (ECO) is frequently used as a screening test in patients with acute ischemic brain disease. We aimed to evaluate the additional information and therapeutic impact resulting from ECO in these patients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study performing ECO on consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks, admitted to our centre between February 2013 and May 2017. RESULTS: A total of 696 patients were included (female, 57.3%; mean age, 70 ± 15.3 years). Seven hundred thirty two echocardiographic examinations were performed (696 transthoracic and 36 transesophageal). Echocardiography yielded findings judged of clinical importance in 142 patients (20.4%, 95% CI 17.5-23.5). The most frequent of these were left atrial volume enlargement or a normal evaluation. Echocardiography findings resulted in changes in the management of 76 patients (10.7% 95% CI 8.8-13.4); initiation of anticoagulation therapy, administration of IV antibiotic therapy, cardiac surgeries, or other pharmacological therapies occurring in 42 cases (6%). The presence of coronary heart disease (OR: 2.64 95% CI 1.34-5.25), atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.2-0.69), and admission NIHSS (OR: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09), were the variables associated with changes in management. CONCLUSIONS: In unselected patients with acute ischemic stroke ECO had a low yield of additional information, and it changed management in a small percentage of patients.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Chile , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Feminino , Cardiopatias/complicações , Cardiopatias/terapia , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Translating evidence into clinical practice in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is challenging especially in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention on adherence to evidence-based therapies for AIS and TIA patients care. DESIGN: We designed a pragmatic, 2-arm cluster-randomized trial involving 36 clusters and 1624 patients from Brazil, Argentina, and Peru. Hospitals are randomized to receive a multifaceted quality improvement intervention (intervention group) or to routine care (control group). The BRIDGE Stroke multifaceted quality improvement intervention includes case management, reminders, health care providers' educational materials (including treatment algorithms), interactive workshops, and audit and feedback reports. Primary outcome is a composite adherence score to AIS and TIA performance measures. Secondary outcomes include an "all or none" composite end point to performance measures, the individual components of the composite end points, and clinical outcomes at 90â¯days following admission (stroke recurrence, death, and disability measured by the modified Rankin scale). SUMMARY: The BRIDGE Stroke Trial is an international pragmatic evaluation of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention. If effective, this intervention could be potentially extended widely to improve the quality of care and outcomes of patients with AIS or TIA.
Assuntos
Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , Melhoria de Qualidade/organização & administração , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Doença Aguda , Comitês Consultivos/organização & administração , Algoritmos , Argentina , Brasil , Administração de Caso/organização & administração , Auditoria Clínica , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Retroalimentação , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Hospitais , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/prevenção & controle , Adesão à Medicação , Peru , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Sistemas de Alerta , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke is an in-hospital program for improving stroke care by promoting adherence to scientific guidelines. Of the patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), 10-15% have a stroke within three months, and many patients do not receive the recommended interventions to prevent this outcome. The goal of this study was to assess the adherence to stroke quality indicators in patients with TIA. METHODS: This retrospective observational study evaluated consecutive patients admitted to a primary stroke center with TIA or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from August 2008 to December 2013. Six quality indicators applicable to both TIA and AIS were analyzed and compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 357 patients with TIA and 787 patients with AIS were evaluated. Antithrombotic medication use within 48 hours of admission, discharge use of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and counseling for smoking cessation were similar between groups. In the TIA group, discharge use of antithrombotic medication (95% versus 98%; p = 0.01), lipid-lowering treatment (57.7% versus 64.1%; p < 0.01) and stroke education (56.5% versus 74.5%; p < 0.01) were all less frequently observed compared with patients with AIS. CONCLUSIONS: The adherence to some of the Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke quality indicators was lower in patients with TIA than in patients with AIS. Measures should be undertaken to reinforce the importance of such clinical interventions in patients with TIA.
Assuntos
Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke is an in-hospital program for improving stroke care by promoting adherence to scientific guidelines. Of the patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), 10-15% have a stroke within three months, and many patients do not receive the recommended interventions to prevent this outcome. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the adherence to stroke quality indicators in patients with TIA. Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated consecutive patients admitted to a primary stroke center with TIA or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from August 2008 to December 2013. Six quality indicators applicable to both TIA and AIS were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: A total of 357 patients with TIA and 787 patients with AIS were evaluated. Antithrombotic medication use within 48 hours of admission, discharge use of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and counseling for smoking cessation were similar between groups. In the TIA group, discharge use of antithrombotic medication (95% versus 98%; p = 0.01), lipid-lowering treatment (57.7% versus 64.1%; p < 0.01) and stroke education (56.5% versus 74.5%; p < 0.01) were all less frequently observed compared with patients with AIS. Conclusions: The adherence to some of the Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke quality indicators was lower in patients with TIA than in patients with AIS. Measures should be undertaken to reinforce the importance of such clinical interventions in patients with TIA.
RESUMO O "Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke (GWTG-S)" é um programa hospitalar criado para melhorar os cuidados em pacientes com AVC ao promover a adesão às diretrizes. Dez a quinze porcento dos pacientes com ataque isquêmico transitório terão um AVC em 3 meses, sendo que muitos não recebem intervenções de prevenção secundária recomendadas. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão aos indicadores de qualidade do programa GWTG em pacientes com ataque isquêmico transitório. Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo observacional avaliou pacientes consecutivos admitidos em um centro de AVC com suspeita de ataque isquêmico transitório ou AVC isquêmico agudo de agosto/2008 a dezembro/2013. Seis indicadores de qualidade aplicáveis tanto ao ataque isquêmico transitório quanto ao AVC isquêmico agudo foram analisados e comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: Um total de 357 pacientes com ataque isquêmico transitório e 787 pacientes com AVC isquêmico agudo foram avaliados. O uso de antiagregante dentro das primeiras 48 horas da admissão, liberação na alta com anticoagulante para fibrilação atrial e aconselhamento para cessação do tabagismo foram similares entre os grupos. No grupo com ataque isquêmico transitório, o uso de antiagregante na alta hospitalar, o tratamento com estatina e a educação sobre o AVC foram observados menos frequentemente quando comparados ao grupo de pacientes com AVC isquêmico agudo. Conclusões: A adesão a alguns dos indicadores de qualidade do programa GWTG-S foi mais baixa em pacientes com ataque isquêmico transitório quando compara a pacientes com AVC isquêmico agudo. Medidas devem ser tomadas para reforçar a importância dessas intervenções em pacientes admitidos com ataque isquêmico transitório.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/terapia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/fisiopatologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
We describe a 6-year-old girl with arterial hypertension secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia with stenoses of both renal arteries and transient ischemic attack due to extracranial right internal carotid artery subtotal occlusion as well as left internal carotid artery stenosis. She was treated with percutaneous angioplasty of both renal and both carotid arteries.