RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, preliminary electroretinographic and optical coherence tomography features of a newly identified form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in German Spitzes, and identify the causal gene mutation. ANIMALS: Thirty-three client-owned German Spitz dogs were included. PROCEDURES: All animals underwent a full ophthalmic examination, including vision testing. In addition, fundus photography, ERG, and OCT were performed. A DNA-marker-based association analysis was performed to screen potential candidate genes and the whole genomes of four animals were sequenced. RESULTS: Initial fundus changes were pale papilla and mild vascular attenuation. Oscillatory nystagmus was noted in 14 of 16 clinically affected puppies. Vision was impaired under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Rod-mediated ERGs were unrecordable in all affected dogs tested, reduced cone-mediated responses were present in one animal at 3 months of age and unrecordable in the other affected animals tested. Multiple small retinal bullae were observed in three clinically affected animals (two with confirmed genetic diagnosis). OCT showed that despite loss of function, retinal structure was initially well-preserved, although a slight retinal thinning developed in older animals with the ventral retina being more severely affected. Pedigree analysis supported an autosomal recessive inheritance. A mutation was identified in GUCY2D, which segregated with the disease (NM_001003207.1:c.1598_1599insT; p.(Ser534GlufsTer20)). Human subjects with GUCY2D mutations typically show an initial disconnect between loss of function and loss of structure, a feature recapitulated in the affected dogs in this study. CONCLUSION: We identified early-onset PRA in the German Spitz associated with a frameshift mutation in GUCY2D.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Degeneração Retiniana , Cães , Humanos , Animais , Mutação da Fase de Leitura , Degeneração Retiniana/genética , Degeneração Retiniana/veterinária , Degeneração Retiniana/diagnóstico , Retina/patologia , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Cones , Eletrorretinografia/veterinária , Mutação , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/veterinária , Atrofia/patologia , Atrofia/veterinária , Linhagem , Doenças do Cão/genética , Doenças do Cão/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The thymus is necessary for the differentiation of T cells, a process that is regulated by the type of antigens found in thymocytes, the environment of surrounding cells and the thymus architecture. There is evidence that infectious diseases may result in morphological changes in this organ, such as premature atrophy and decreased thymocyte proliferation, that can affect the immune response. OBJECTIVES: We characterised the morphology and tissue distribution of haematopoietic and stromal cells in the thymuses of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum, with the aim to determine the changes that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS: Thymus samples were collected from 15 animals (aged 6 months to 5 years) ELISA-positive for leishmaniasis and from 10 dogs from non-endemic regions for leishmaniasis whose death was not related to infectious causes. The samples were submitted to histological processing and staining with Haematoxylin-Eosin to assess thymic morphometry and histopathological changes. Masson's trichrome staining was used to quantify the connective tissue present (collagen). The immunohistochemical method was used to determine the cellular constitution of the thymus, using antibodies that aimed at marking T lymphocytes (anti-CD3), B lymphocytes (anti-CD79a), macrophages (anti- MAC387), mesenchymal cells (anti-vimentin), epithelial cells (anti-cytokeratin), cells in mitosis (anti-Ki67) and cells in apoptosis (anti-caspase-3). RESULTS: The histopathological evaluation of infected dogs showed more signs consistent with thymus atrophy, including decreased parenchyma, infiltration of adipose and connective tissue near the capsule and between the lobules, lymphoid rarefaction mainly in the cortical region and loss of the cortical-medullary demarcation. In addition, we observed a decrease in the amounts of CD3 + T lymphocytes, macrophages (MAC387) and Ki67-positive cells and an increase in the number of cells positive for cytokeratin and CD79a (B lymphocytes). Finally, the parasite was detected in 46% of infected thymuses and may contribute for the observed changes. CONCLUSIONS: Apparently, leishmaniasis, like other infectious diseases, causes atrophy of the thymus and depletion of thymocytes with a relative increase in thymus epithelial cells. These morphological changes in the normal organisation of the thymus by mechanisms not yet well known may result in the abnormal release of T cells, with consequent damage to the host's immune response.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças do Cão , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose , Animais , Atrofia/patologia , Atrofia/veterinária , Doenças Transmissíveis/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Linfócitos T , TimoRESUMO
Background: Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is one of the main causes of blindness in dogs. Despite its clinical importance, there is limited epidemiological information available, particularly in South America. Aim: The main objective of this study was to perform a retrospective, and prospective analysis of PRA in dogs admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Medical records of dogs admitted between 2014 and 2018 were selected through the archives of the Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory. A total of 130 dogs with medical records indicating clinical signs suggestive of PRA, independent of the electroretinography confirmation, were selected. In order to investigate common characteristics, each patient's clinical history, ophthalmic examination, and visual status were reviewed (obstacle course, pupillary light reflex, dazzle reflex, visual tracking to a cotton ball, and menace responses). Additionally, a prospective study was performed, where flash electroretinography was performed on 30 animals with clinical signs suggestive of PRA, and 14 animals were selected for fundus photography. Data were assessed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 2,055 dogs were evaluated between January 2014 and December 2018. Of those, 130 animals were presumptively diagnosed with PRA (6.33%), consisting of 18 different breeds and 27 dogs with a mixed pedigree. Poodles were the most prevalent breed (n = 26; 20.00%), followed by Cocker Spaniels (n = 19; 14.62%). In the reported caseload, Pomeranians showed a considerably higher odds ratio for PRA development (15.36%). Conclusion: Pomeranians presented a high odds ratio, suggesting that further studies may be performed with breeds with a high potential for developing this disease.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Hospitais Veterinários , Animais , Atrofia/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The present study offers the first description of proventriculitis associated with the presence of gravid female nematodes of the genus Tetrameres (Nematoda: Tetrameridae) in 3 juvenile Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) found dead on the coast of Brazil. This study broadens knowledge on parasites associated with these hosts and the real impact of this association.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Proventrículo/parasitologia , Spheniscidae/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spiruroidea/patogenicidade , Gastropatias/veterinária , Animais , Atrofia/veterinária , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Proventrículo/patologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/patologia , Spiruroidea/isolamento & purificação , Spiruroidea/ultraestrutura , Gastropatias/parasitologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe a form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in Whippets including clinical, electroretinographic, optical coherence tomographic changes and pedigree analysis. ANIMALS STUDIED: Client-owned Whippet dogs (n = 51) living in Brazil. PROCEDURES: All animals were submitted for routine ophthalmic screening for presumed inherited ocular disease, which included the following: visual tests, such as obstacle course tests, in scotopic and photopic conditions, cotton ball test, dazzle reflex, ocular fundus evaluation by indirect ophthalmoscopy followed by fundus photography. Additionally, electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in 24 and four dogs, respectively. RESULTS: Sixteen dogs were diagnosed with PRA. Vision deficits in dim light were detected in dogs examined at a young age associated with nystagmus. Funduscopic changes included the development of multifocal retinal bullae from 6 months of age. Retinal thinning became apparent later, at which time the bullae were no longer detected. OCT examination of selected young dogs revealed that the retinal bullae were due to separation between photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium, and of dogs with more advanced disease confirmed the development of retinal thinning. Electroretinography in young dogs revealed a negative ERG due to a lack of b-wave in both scotopic and photopic recordings. With progression, the ERG became unrecordable. Pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSION: The retinal dystrophy reported here in Whippet dogs has a unique phenotype of an initial lack of ERG b-wave, development of retinal bullae then a progressive generalized retinal degeneration.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Retina/patologia , Animais , Atrofia/patologia , Atrofia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Eletrorretinografia/veterinária , Linhagem , Descolamento Retiniano , Especificidade da Espécie , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/veterináriaRESUMO
Enteric disorders are an important cause of economic losses in broiler chickens worldwide. Several agents have been associated with enteric problems, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. In this study, broiler chickens showing signs of enteric disorders were subjected to molecular diagnosis for several viral agents and also for pathological examination for elucidating this problem. Thus, the chickens were screened for avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian rotavirus (ArtV), avian reovirus (AReoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1), and chicken parvovirus (ChPV). Postmortem examinations revealed a curving of the duodenal loop (J-like appearance) and intestines filled with liquid and gaseous content. Histopathological analysis of the duodenal loop showed pancreatic atrophy, acute mesenteritis, and enteritis. PCR results showed that ChPV was the sole viral agent detected in samples with lesions such as the curved duodenal loop and pancreatic atrophy. Molecular characterization of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed a high similarity with other strains of ChPV from Brazil, Canada, United States, Europe, and Asia. These findings suggest an association between ChPV and the development of enteritis, pancreatitis, and pancreatic atrophy, which may lead to curling of the duodenal loop. Together, these alterations may disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system, diminishing digestion and the absorption of dietary nutrients and consequently leading to reduced weight gain, flock impairment, dwarfism, and an elevated feed conversion rate.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Duodeno/patologia , Síndromes de Malabsorção/veterinária , Pâncreas/patologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirinae/fisiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Animais , Atrofia/patologia , Atrofia/veterinária , Síndromes de Malabsorção/patologia , Síndromes de Malabsorção/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirinae/genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterináriaRESUMO
Um cão Shar-pei de cinco anos de idade foi encaminhado para exame de necropsia com histórico de morte súbita. Ao exame macroscópico foram observadas, no coração, áreas pálidas extensas envolvendo o miocárdio do ventrículo direito e esquerdo. Ao exame histológico foi observada infiltração intensa de células adiposas bem diferenciadas no miocárdio de ambos os ventrículos associada à moderada atrofia e degeneração de cardiomiócitos. Os achados microscópicos foram compatíveis com diagnóstico de displasia miocardial ventricular bilateral.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ventrículos do Coração/anormalidades , Atrofia/diagnóstico , Atrofia/veterinária , Miócitos Cardíacos/microbiologia , Morte Súbita CardíacaRESUMO
Um cão Shar-pei de cinco anos de idade foi encaminhado para exame de necropsia com histórico de morte súbita. Ao exame macroscópico foram observadas, no coração, áreas pálidas extensas envolvendo o miocárdio do ventrículo direito e esquerdo. Ao exame histológico foi observada infiltração intensa de células adiposas bem diferenciadas no miocárdio de ambos os ventrículos associada à moderada atrofia e degeneração de cardiomiócitos. Os achados microscópicos foram compatíveis com diagnóstico de displasia miocardial ventricular bilateral.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Atrofia/diagnóstico , Atrofia/veterinária , Miócitos Cardíacos/microbiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anormalidades , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/veterináriaRESUMO
Bovine encephalitis herpesvirus, or bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, is long recognized as the causative agent of bovine herpesvirus encephalitis. The disease caused by BoHV-5 is characterized by signs of nervous impairment, consequent to non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Although bovine herpetic encephalitis is a rare event in herds from the Northern Hemisphere, BoHV-5 infections are an important cause of central nervous system disease in cattle in Brazil and Argentina. Recovery of animals from clinical illness has been documented before, both in naturally infected animals and experimentally infected individuals.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Necrose/veterinária , Atrofia/veterinária , Fibra de Lã/classificação , Herpesvirus Bovino 5RESUMO
Bovine encephalitis herpesvirus, or bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, is long recognized as the causative agent of bovine herpesvirus encephalitis. The disease caused by BoHV-5 is characterized by signs of nervous impairment, consequent to non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Although bovine herpetic encephalitis is a rare event in herds from the Northern Hemisphere, BoHV-5 infections are an important cause of central nervous system disease in cattle in Brazil and Argentina. Recovery of animals from clinical illness has been documented before, both in naturally infected animals and experimentally infected individuals.[...]