RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgical manipulations of the axilla may cause a condition known as Axillary Web Syndrome (AWS). The systems compromised and the sequence of events leading to this syndrome remains unknown. This study evaluated clinical, surgical, and vascular factors associated with onset and duration of AWS after breast cancer surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective study, 155 women were included. They were submitted to a physical examination that consisted of ultrasound Doppler of axillary and brachial vessels and the evaluation of AWS in 1, 3, and 6 months after breast cancer surgery. Women with advanced disease had a significantly higher incidence of AWS than those with early stage breast cancer (p = 0.02). In addition, women who underwent mastectomy or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) had a significantly higher incidence of AWS in the 1-month (p < 0.01; p < 0.01) and 3-months (p < 0.01; p = 0.02) assessment rounds, respectively. The cross-sectional area of brachial artery was significantly smaller (p = 0.04) in women with AWS at the 3-months postoperative visit. The peak systolic velocity and the blood flow of the axillary artery was significantly higher in women with AWS 6 months after surgery (p < 0.03 and p = 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study confirm the combined changes of lymphatic and vascular systems in woman with AWS, since AWS was associated with more extensive dissection of axillary lymph nodes, compromised lymph nodes, and with abnormalities of the vascular parameters.
Assuntos
Axila/fisiopatologia , Artéria Braquial/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Doenças Linfáticas/fisiopatologia , Vasos Linfáticos/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Axila/cirurgia , Artéria Axilar/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Doenças Linfáticas/patologia , Mastectomia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between axillary web syndrome and the development of lymphoedema after 10 years of follow-up. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study in a hospital cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated at a referral centre for cancer. Patients were followed according to the routine of the hospital's physical therapy service. In addition, a review of medical records was conducted for the period between 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Data on patient characteristics, treatment, tumour and postoperative complications were collected. RESULTS: In all, 964 patients were included, mostly <65 years old (75 %) and classified as being overweight (68 %). Disease was diagnosed as being up to stage IIA in 54.9 % of the cases; 65.1% underwent mastectomy and 83.8% had total axillary dissection. As adjuvant treatment, 61 % underwent chemotherapy, 63.5 % radiotherapy and 68 % hormone therapy. Among surgical complications, 62.6 % of patients had seroma, 40.7 % had necrosis, 35.9 % axillary web syndrome and 31.4 % lymphoedema. There was no association between axillary web syndrome and the development of lymphoedema (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI 0.65 to 1.15, p = 0.329). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of axillary web syndrome was not a risk factor for lymphoedema after 10 years of follow-up.
Assuntos
Excisão de Linfonodo/estatística & dados numéricos , Linfedema/epidemiologia , Idoso , Axila/fisiopatologia , Axila/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/efeitos adversos , Linfedema/etiologia , Mastectomia/efeitos adversos , Mastectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , SíndromeRESUMO
En la anamnesis se destacan algunos datos de importancia tales como edad, antecedentes ginecoobstétricos y en especial la edad al momento del primer parto y los antecedentes familiares de carcinoma mamario. Con respecto a los síntomas y signos de mayor frecuencia y envergadura, se detallan los siguientes: a) dolor cuyas principales características y posibles interpretaciones se discuten. b) tumor, considerado primero con síntoma al ser detectado por la paciente y en relación al cual se investiga el tiempode evolución, el ritmo de crecimiento, su asociación a dolor y la forma en que fue descubierto. Posteriormente se enfoca como signo cuya descripción debe consignarse tamaño, forma, límites, ubicación, consistencia y movilidad o adherencia a planos vecinos. c) descarga por el pezón abordada también desde el punto de vista anamnéstico, registrando su calidad, espontaneidad, tiempo de evolución y buscándola en el exámen físico , para precisar su tipo, número de conductos que secretan, uni o bilateralidad, facilidad con que escurre. Se describen las lesiones que con mayor frecuencia producen derrame y sus características habituales según tipo de lesión que los produce. Se discuten las posibilidades de malignidad de acuerdo al tipo de descarga. En forma breve se analizan también otros motivos de consulta tales como malformaciones, masa axilares, alteraciones cutáneas, etc. Se describe la manera correcta de realizar una anamnesis y un examen físico completo con inspección y palpación de la mama y de las regiones ganglionares accequibles. Sólo después de cumplida esta primera etapa que remata en la formulación de una hipótesis diagnóstica bien fundada, se está autorizado para solicitar exámenes complementarios adecuados, oportunos y bien seleccionados que confirmen o descarten la existencia de una patología mamaria y en el caso del carcinoma, que permitan conocer su grado de extensión