RESUMO
The vertical transmission of leishmaniasis has been reported in species that cause visceral leishmaniasis. However, this condition has scarcely been documented in species that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to determine experimentally whether L. mexicana is transmitted vertically. A control group of BALB/c mice and a group infected with L. mexicana were mated, the gestation was monitored, and females were killed before delivery. Four resorptions (P = 0.023) and eight fetal deaths (P = 0.010) were observed in the infected female group; furthermore, the offspring body weight of the infected group was lower than the body weight of the healthy group (P = 0.009). DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that all placentas and maternal spleens as well as 39 of 110 fetal spleens obtained from the offspring of infected mothers tested positive for Leishmania. In conclusion, L. mexicana is transmitted transplacentally and causes fetal death, resorption, and reduction in offspring body weight.
Assuntos
Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Leishmania mexicana , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Placenta/parasitologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/parasitologia , Animais , Peso ao Nascer , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Morte Fetal/parasitologia , Reabsorção do Feto/parasitologia , Leishmania mexicana/genética , Leishmania mexicana/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Distribuição Aleatória , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Baço/embriologia , Baço/parasitologiaRESUMO
The poultry industry is a sector of agribusiness which represents an important role in the country's agricultural exports. Therefore, the study about embryogenesis of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) has a great economic importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate embryonic development of the endoderm in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Forty fertilized eggs of domestic chickens, starting from the 1st day of gestation and so on until the 19 days of the incubation were collected from the Granja São José (Amparo, SP, Brazil). Embryos and fetus were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, identified, weighed, measured, and subjected to light and scanning electron microscopy. The endoderm originates the internal lining epithelium of the digestive, immune, respiratory systems, and the organs can be visualized from the second day (48 h) when the liver is formed. The formation of the digestive system was complete in the 12th day. Respiratory system organs begin at the fourth day as a disorganized tissue and undifferentiated. Their complete differentiation was observed at the 10 days of incubation, however, until the 19 days the syrinx was not observed. The formation of immune system at 10th day was observed with observation of the spleen, thymus, and cloacal bursa. The study of the organogenesis of the chicken based on germ layers is very complex and underexplored, and the study of chicken embryology is very important due the economic importance and growth of the use of this animal model studies such as genetic studies.
Assuntos
Embrião de Galinha/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Endoderma/embriologia , Animais , Embrião de Galinha/anatomia & histologia , Embrião de Galinha/ultraestrutura , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Endoderma/anatomia & histologia , Endoderma/ultraestrutura , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/embriologia , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Baço/anatomia & histologia , Baço/embriologia , Baço/ultraestruturaRESUMO
A 36 year-old man after tests for assessing male infertility was diagnosed with primary infertility, bilateral cryptorchidism, nonobstructive azoospermia and discontinuous splenogonadal fusion. Carcinoma in situ was found in his left testicle, which was intraabdominal and associated with splenogonadal fusion. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of splenogonadal fusion associated with testicular cancer reported. One should always bear in mind the possibility of this association for the left cryptorchid testicle.
Assuntos
Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Criptorquidismo/etiologia , Baço/anormalidades , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Testículo/anormalidades , Adulto , Atrofia , Azoospermia/etiologia , Calcinose/etiologia , Carcinoma in Situ/etiologia , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Criptorquidismo/embriologia , Criptorquidismo/cirurgia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Orquiectomia , Orquidopexia , Baço/embriologia , Doenças Testiculares/etiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/etiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Testículo/embriologiaRESUMO
A 36 year-old man after tests for assessing male infertility was diagnosed with primary infertility, bilateral cryptorchidism, nonobstructive azoospermia and discontinuous splenogonadal fusion. Carcinoma in situ was found in his left testicle, which was intraabdominal and associated with splenogonadal fusion. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of splenogonadal fusion associated with testicular cancer reported. One should always bear in mind the possibility of this association for the left cryptorchid testicle.
Um homem de 36 anos, depois de ser submetido a exames para avaliação de infertilidade masculina, foi diagnosticado com infertilidade masculina primária, criptorquidia bilateral, azoospermia não obstrutiva e fusão esplenogonadal descontínua. Carcinoma in situ estava presente no testículo esquerdo, que tinha localização intra-abdominal e estava associado à fusão esplenogonadal. Esse é o quarto caso de fusão esplenogonadal associada a câncer testicular, segundo nossa avaliação. Deve-se sempre ter em mente a possibilidade dessa associação em testículos criptorquídicos à esquerda.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Criptorquidismo/etiologia , Baço/anormalidades , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Testículo/anormalidades , Atrofia , Azoospermia/etiologia , Calcinose/etiologia , Carcinoma in Situ/etiologia , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Criptorquidismo/embriologia , Criptorquidismo/cirurgia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Achados Incidentais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Orquiectomia , Orquidopexia , Baço/embriologia , Doenças Testiculares/etiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/etiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Testículo/embriologiaRESUMO
El bazo es el órgano linfático periférico más grande del organismo y conocer sus aspectos morfológicos cuantitativos es importante para determinar posibles patologías. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar en dos especies: cuye (Cavia porcellus) y rata (Rattus novergicus Sprague Dawley), las características estereológicas del bazo, para obtener patrones de normalidad cuantitativos, los que servirán de base para futuros estudios morfofuncionales. Se utilizaron 5 bazos de cada especie, clínicamente sanos, obtenidos del Bioterio de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Los bazos fueron disecados y fijados en formalina tamponada al 10 por ciento y se determinó el volumen de éstos por el método de Scherle. Se obtuvieron 5 trozos por medio de Orientador los que fueron incluidos en paraplast. De cada trozo se obtuvieron 5 cortes histológicos de 3 micrones m de grosor y separados 200 micrones m entre sí, los cuales fueron teñidos con H-E. El porcentaje de pulpa roja, pulpa blanca y zona marginal en el bazo del cuye fue: 65,14 por ciento, 21,96 por ciento y 12,67 por ciento, respectivamente, y en la rata 53,9 por ciento de pulpa roja, 25,75 por ciento pulpa blanca y 15,87 por ciento de zona marginal. El número total de folículos fue 8,33 x 10² y 5,73x 10² para el cuye y la rata, respectivamente. Los resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos por otros autores, pudiéndose señalar un patrón cuantitativo del porcentaje de los compartimentos esplénicos de normalidad, que se podría considerar para futuros estudios morfo-funcionales.
The spleen is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ of the body so it is essential to know their morphological quantitative aspects in order to identify potential abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters stereological spleen in normal two species commonly used in research such as the guinea pig and rat, to obtain quantitative patterns of normality, which will serve as a basis for future studies morphofunctional. 5 spleens were used for each species (Cavia porcellus and Rattus novergicus, Sprague Dawley) obtained from biotery the Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. The spleens were dissected and fixed in formalin buffered to 10 percent and the volume is determined by the of Scherle method. 5 pieces were obtained through Orientator and these were included in paraplast. Each piece was performed histological cuts of 3 mm thick and separated 200 µm each other, which were stained with H-E. The percentage of redpulp, whitepulp and marginal zone in the Guinea pig was: 65.14 percent, 21.96 percent and 12.67 percent respectively, and in the rat 53.9 percent pulpred, 25.75 percent whitepulp and 15.87 percent of marginal zone. The total number of follicles was 8.33 x 10²follicles and 5.73 x 10² follicles for the Guinea pig and rat, respectively. The results are consistent with those obtained by other authors might identify a pattern of quantitative percentage of splenic compartments of normality that could be considered for future studies morpho-functional.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Baço/anatomia & histologia , Baço/embriologia , Cobaias/anatomia & histologia , Cobaias/embriologia , Cobaias/sangue , Ratos/anatomia & histologia , Ratos/sangueRESUMO
The kinetic parameters of Na(+)-Li+ exchange were studied in both neonatal and adult's red blood cells in order to evaluate if the asymmetry for Li+ fluxes (Na(+)-contralateral-dependent) is expressed in both types of cells. Maximum velocities (Vmax) and Km (half-activation constant) were measured for Li+ fluxes in both types of cells. In human neonatal red blood cells (nRBC), extracellular Na+-dependent Li+ efflux was shown to be a saturable function of external sodium concentration with high affinity (apparent Km: 2.1 mM) and low capacity (maximal velocity Vmax = 0.3 mmoles Li+ 1('''10 cells h(-1)). The Vmax and apparent Km for cellular Na(+)-dependent Li+ influx were higher (Km = 12.9 mM; Vmax = 1.07 mmoles Li+ 1(-1) cells h(-1)). The results provide evidence for intrinsic functional asymmetry in this transport system, as the transporter is more prevalent and stable in the inward-facing conformation. These kinetic observations may be explained in terms of the simple carrier transport model. Similar findings were found for this system in human adult's red cells. These results point to the asymmetry pattern (related to Na+ activation of Li+ flux) as developed in red cells from late prenatal stages of hemopoiesis.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Hematopoese , Lítio/metabolismo , Sódio/metabolismo , Adulto , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Sangue Fetal , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Recém-Nascido , Cinética , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/embriologia , Potássio/metabolismo , Baço/citologia , Baço/embriologiaRESUMO
The growth of the spleen weight was studied by bivariate allometry. It was correlated to fetal parameters of development as gestational age (in weeks), crown-rump length (mm) and weight (gm). Thirty human fetuses ranging from 16 to 36 weeks were studied. These were analysed in second and third trimesters separately and together. The growth of the spleen weight presents statistically significant positive allometry relative to age, C-R length and fetal weight. In second trimester the allometric coefficient, analysing spleen's weight and fetus' weight, calculated by reduced major axis method (RMA) was 1.21. In the third one the RMA was 1.73. Considering fetuses together the RMA = 1.65. This study presents growth curves of the spleen weight useful in medical branches such as anatomy, forensic medicine, medical imagery, fetophatology, obstetrics and pediatrics.
Assuntos
Baço/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/fisiologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Análise de Regressão , SoftwareRESUMO
Los bazos accesorios son un hallazgo frecuente en autopsias, pero su identificación ecográfica es dificultosa. Los datos sobre su incidencia son escasos en la literatura y están referidos fundamentalmente a técnicas radioisotópicas. En un total de 5.000 ecografías se encontraron 14 bazos accesorios (aproximadamente 1 de cada 350 pacientes). La mayoría de los esplenúnculos estaban localizados en el hilio esplénico. En ningún caso hubo signos o síntomas relacionados con la anormalidad
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Baço/anormalidades , Ultrassonografia , Baço/embriologia , Esplenectomia/efeitos adversos , Ultrassonografia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Los bazos accesorios son un hallazgo frecuente en autopsias, pero su identificación ecográfica es dificultosa. Los datos sobre su incidencia son escasos en la literatura y están referidos fundamentalmente a técnicas radioisotópicas. En un total de 5.000 ecografías se encontraron 14 bazos accesorios (aproximadamente 1 de cada 350 pacientes). La mayoría de los esplenúnculos estaban localizados en el hilio esplénico. En ningún caso hubo signos o síntomas relacionados con la anormalidad
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Baço/anormalidades , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Baço/embriologia , Ultrassonografia/instrumentação , Esplenectomia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The ontogeny of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis was followed at both cellular and serological levels in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) using polyclonal antibodies recognizing all Ig molecules and a set of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for the C mu and Cv heavy Ig chain isotypes and for the light chain constituents shared by IgM and IgY molecules. Clusters of IgM- and of IgY-synthesizing lymphocytes, often located in separate sites, are first present in spleen sections of 7-week-old 25 mm larvae, about one month after differentiation of the spleen anlage (stage 39-40). In 12-week-old 30-35 mm larvae, the relative proportion of IgM- and IgY-synthesizing cells in the spleen is the same as that in adult animals. However, a marked enhancement of the spleen B cell compartment occurs from 5 to 9 months when Ig-positive cells represent about 88% of the lymphocytes population compared to 60% in adults. No structures equivalent to B cell germinal centers were observed at any stage of the spleen differentiation and cells, although often clustered in small groups, remain dispersed in the entire organ. The relative proportions of IgM and IgY B cells throughout the spleen remain constant during development (about 1 IgY+ cell for 5-6 IgM+ cells) and IgM molecules are first detected in the serum of 2.5-month-old larvae. The enhancement of the serum IgM level correlates well with the absolute number of IgM+ cells in the growing spleen. IgY molecules cannot be detected in the serum before the 7th month but their level quickly increases to reach about 60% of the adult value at 10 months. Thyroxine-induced metamorphosis or hyperimmunization of 4- to 6-month-old larvae had no effect upon the temporal expression of the Ig classes in serum.