RESUMO
Vinte e sete isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes de leite de bovinos com mastite clínica foram submetidos a teste de sensibilidade aos principais antimicrobianos usados no tratamento desta doença. Avaliou-se também a efetividade in vitro de dois inibidores de sistemas de efluxo multidrogas, fenilalanina arginyl ß naftilamida (PAβN) e 1-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), utilizando-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) como referência. A CIM e o sistema de efluxo foram detectados com base nas curvas de crescimento, utilizando-se a densidade óptica (D.O550), em diferentes concentrações da droga e na presença e ausência dos inibidores. Apenas quatro isolados apresentaram resistência à ampicilina e ao sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim, simultaneamente, enquanto todos os 27 foram sensíveis aos demais antimicrobianos. Observaram-se valores para ampicilina variando de 6µg/mL a 250µg/mL e para sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim de 12µg/mL a 1500µg/mL. Houve redução das CIMs desses antimicrobianos em todos os isolados na presença dos inibidores, exceto para sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim na presença de NMP. Conclui-se que esses isolados possuem um estreito perfil de resistência e que PAßN apresentou melhor efeito inibitório em relação à ampicilina e ao sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim, apresentando-se como um candidato a adjuvante no tratamento da mastite.(AU)
Twenty-seven isolates of Escherichia coli from cattle with clinical mastitis were subjected to sensitivity tests regarding main antimicrobials used in the treatment of this disease. We also evaluated in vitro effectiveness of two inhibitors of multidrug efflux systems, fenilalanina arginyl ß naftilamida (PAβN) and 1-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as a reference. MIC and multidrug efflux systems were detected in the growth curves, using optical density (D.O550) at different drug concentrations and the presence and absence of inhibitors. Only four isolates of E. coli were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, simultaneously. However, all isolates were sensitive to the other antimicrobials. Were observed values ranging from 6mg to 250mg ampicillin/mL, and 12mg to 1500mg/mL trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. There was a reduction of the MIC of antimicrobials for all isolates in the presence of inhibitors, except for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the presence of NMP. In conclusion, these isolates have a narrow resistance profile and PAßN showed better inhibitory effect against ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and is a candidate for the adjuvant treatment of mastitis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Mastite Bovina , Leite/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Resistência a Ampicilina , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol , Benzoilarginina-2-NaftilamidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation and infections are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease. AIM: To evaluate the association between periodontitis and early atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three subjects who received periodontal treatment and regular maintenance for at least 10 years, and 55 subjects with periodontitis but without a history of periodontal treatment were studied. Carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (CIMT) was measured with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. A blood sample was obtained to measure high sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, lipoprotein cholesterol, leukocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Covariates included age, gender, smoking, level of education, body mass index and physical activity. The benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test was used to determine the number of periodontal sites with periodontal pathogens. RESULTS: CIMT value was significantly higher in subjects with periodontitis than those without it (0.775 ± 0.268 and 0.683 ± 0.131 mm respectively, p = 0.027). C-reactive protein, leukocyte count and percentage of sites with periodontal pathogens were also significantly higher in subjects with periodontitis. Regression analysis identified age, periodontitis, and smoking as independent predictors of CIMT. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that untreated periodontitis is associated with early atherosclerotic carotid lesions and higher levels of inflammatory markers.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/etiologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Periodontite/complicações , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida/análise , Biomarcadores/análise , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Progressão da Doença , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Periodontite/sangue , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Periodontite/terapia , Túnica Íntima/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the periodontal parameters of patients with chronic renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The periodontal status of 16 Brazilian patients aged 29 to 53 (41.7 ± 7.2) years with chronic renal failure (CRF) and another matched group of 14 healthy controls with periodontitis was assessed clinically and microbiologically. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), dental plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and dental calculus index (CI) were the clinical parameters recorded for the entire dentition (at least 19 teeth), while the anaerobic periodontopathogen colonization in four sites with the highest PPD was evaluated using the BANA test ("PerioScan"; Oral B). RESULTS: The results for the CRF group and control group, respectively were: PPD: 1.77 ± 0.32 and 2.65 ± 0.53; GR: 0.58 ± 0.56 and 0.51 ± 0.36; PLI: 1.64 ± 0.56 and 1.24 ± 0.67; GI: 0.64 ± 0.42 and 0.93 ± 0.50; CI: 1.17 ± 0.54 and 0.87 ± 0.52. Comparison between groups using the "t" test revealed a significantly increased PPD (p<0.001) in the control group. Comparison of the other clinicial parameters by the Mann-Whitney test showed differences only for PLI, which was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the CRF group. Spearman's test applied to each group showed a positive correlation among all clinical parameters, except for GR (p<0.05). None of the groups showed any correlation between GR and GI, while a significant negative correlation between GR and PPD was observed for the CRF group. The percentage of BANA-positive sites was 35.9% for the CRF group and 35.7% for the control group. The BANA test correlated positively with PPD only in the control group and with GR only in the CRF group. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of a higher PLI and dense anaerobic microbial population even in shallow PPD, patients with CRF exhibited better periodontal conditions than periodontitis patients, which is an evidence of altered response to local irritants.
Assuntos
Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Índice Periodontal , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Periodontite Crônica/classificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Cálculos Dentários/classificação , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Retração Gengival/classificação , Retração Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Higiene Oral , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/classificação , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the BANA Test to detect different levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia or their combinations in subgingival samples at the initial diagnosis and after periodontal therapy. Periodontal sites with probing depths between 5-7 mm and clinical attachment level between 5-10 mm, from 53 subjects with chronic periodontitis, were sampled in four periods: initial diagnosis (T0), immediately (T1), 45 (T2) and 60 days (T3) after scaling and root planing. BANA Test and Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization identified red complex species in the subgingival biofilm. In all experimental periods, the highest frequencies of score 2 (Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization) for P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia were observed when strong enzymatic activity (BANA) was present (p < 0.01). The best agreement was observed at initial diagnosis. The BANA Test sensitivity was 95.54% (T0), 65.18% (T1), 65.22% (T2) and 50.26% (T3). The specificity values were 12.24% (T0), 57.38% (T1), 46.27% (T2) and 53.48% (T3). The BANA Test is more effective for the detection of red complex pathogens when the bacterial levels are high, i.e. in the initial diagnosis of chronic periodontitis.
Assuntos
Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Periodontite Crônica/diagnóstico , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Sondas de DNA , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Ensaios Enzimáticos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of severe cases of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 20 patients diagnosed with severe generalized chronic periodontitis (pockets>7mm) with bleeding on probing, SRP was rendered in all pockets. Additionally, five consecutive hyperbaric sessions were administered in 10 patients after random allocation (SRP + HBO2). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline up to six months: plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level and benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test. RESULTS: SRP + HBO2 resulted in greater probing reduction and attachment gain than SRP alone three months after treatment (p<0.001). The BANA test was negative after one week only for sites in the SRP + HBO2 group (p<0.05). However, SRP + HBO2 failed to show a significant difference from SRP group after 3 months, where all BANA sites became negative (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy had a short-term beneficial effect on pocket reduction and bacterial elimination, and may be considered a potential adjunct therapeutic option to improve the clinical outcomes of scaling in severe cases of chronic periodontitis.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Adulto , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Brasil , Periodontite Crônica/diagnóstico , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Aplainamento Radicular/métodos , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine on the proteolytic activity of carious coronal and root dentin collected from patients. Sound dentin from freshly extracted human teeth was used as a control. Dentin fragments were mixed with a synthetic substrate for proteolytic enzymes (N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide--BANA) and the suspensions mixed with either 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate or distilled water. These mixtures were incubated for 18 h at 37 degrees C, color was developed by the addition of 0.1% Fast Garnet and their optical density was recorded spectrophotometrically. BANA hydrolysis measured by the optical density of incubated specimens was detected in all tested groups, but was significantly higher for carious than for sound dentin (p < 0.05). The proteolytic activity was reduced for carious coronal and root dentin by chlorhexidine (p < 0.05; 50 and 30%, respectively). Chlorhexidine also reduced the proteolytic activity in sound root dentin (p < 0.05; 20%). Conversely, changes in the proteolytic activity of sound coronal dentin were not observed in the presence of chlorhexidine. The reduction in proteolytic activity by chlorhexidine was significantly higher in carious coronal dentin than in carious root dentin (p < 0.05). In conclusion, part of the effect of chlorhexidine in controlling caries progression in humans may be due to a decrease in the proteolytic activity of carious coronal and root dentin. Because of the prolonged incubation time in the present study, similar results may be obtained clinically with prolonged dentin exposure to chlorhexidine, e.g. chlorhexidine-containing varnishes.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Cárie Dentária/enzimologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêutico , Coroa do Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Raiz Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Corantes , Dentina/enzimologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fenômenos Ópticos , Espectrofotometria , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Coroa do Dente/enzimologia , Raiz Dentária/enzimologiaRESUMO
The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), present in a commercial dentifrice, on the formation of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) and tongue coating in a panel of periodontally healthy subjects. A two-step blinded, crossover, randomized study was carried out in 25 dental students with healthy periodontium; these were divided into two experimental groups: SLS (dentifrice with SLS) and WSLS (dentifrice without SLS). The volunteers received the designated dentifrice and a new toothbrush for a 3x/day brushing regimen for 2 periods of 30 days. A seven-day washout interval was used between the periods. The assessed parameters were: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), organoleptic breath (ORG), VSC levels by portable sulphide monitor before (H1) and after (H2) cleaning of the tongue, tongue coating wet weight (TC) and benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test from tongue coating samples. The intra-group analysis showed a decrease in the median of organoleptic scores from 3 to 2 after 30 days for the SLS group (p < 0.05). The inter-group analysis showed lower values in ORG and H1 for the SLS group (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the amount of TC in SLS and WSLS groups. In the BANA test, the presence of SLS did not affect the BANA number of +/- results (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), present in dentifrice, appears to prevent VSC formation in morning bad breath regardless of the amount of tongue coating in periodontally healthy subjects.
Assuntos
Dentifrícios/uso terapêutico , Halitose/prevenção & controle , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Enxofre/metabolismo , Tensoativos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Adulto , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Estudos Cross-Over , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Halitose/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Método Simples-Cego , Olfato/fisiologia , Compostos de Enxofre/análise , Língua/efeitos dos fármacos , Escovação Dentária , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the periodontal conditions of teeth with fixed crowns that had been in place from 3 to 5 years before the study was conducted. Forty individuals were recalled for a follow-up visit. Full-mouth clinical examinations were carried out and Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed in 6 sites per tooth. Parallel radiographs were also taken and blindly analyzed by a digital caliper (distance between the apex and the bone crest). BANA tests were performed. A contra-lateral sound tooth was considered the control. Mean values were obtained and Wilcoxon and paired sample t tests were used to compare the test and control sites. Crowns had a mean VPI value of 30.42% as compared to 49.17% for sound teeth. The GBI was 33.33% and 26.25% for test and control teeth respectively. Assessment of PPD revealed values of 2.30 and 2.14 mm, and assessment of CAL revealed averages of 2.02 and 1.89 mm for test and control teeth respectively. The mean values for radiographic distances were 12.73 and 13.67 mm, and for the BANA test, 67.50 and 50.00 for sound and crowned teeth, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed for all parameters except for CAL and for the BANA test. It may be concluded that, with the methods used in the present study, crowns may be associated with more signs of inflammation, however not with periodontal breakdown.
Assuntos
Coroas , Índice de Placa Dentária , Placa Dentária/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais , Adulto , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Coroas/efeitos adversos , Coroas/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Radiografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or in combination with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) rinsing. METHODS: A blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 29 subjects with chronic periodontitis. Subjects were assigned to two therapeutic groups: control (SRP+placebo) and test (SRP+CHX during and up to 42 days post-therapy). Clinical and microbiological [N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA test)] examinations were performed at baseline, 42 and 63 days post-therapy. RESULTS: Initially, intermediate sites (4-6 mm) in the test group showed less plaque accumulation, gingival bleeding, bleeding on probing and a greater reduction in attachment level and probing depth (PD) at 63 days after treatment. The initially deep sites (>6 mm) in the CHX group also showed a better reduction in plaque accumulation and in PD compared with the control group. Both therapies led to a microbiological improvement; however, the test subjects showed a higher frequency of BANA-negative sites after treatment, which was sustained over time (p<0.001). At 63 days, the control group presented 25 BANA-negative sites and 65 positive sites, and the test group 58 and 26, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of CHX rinses and SRP leads to clinical benefits and to a better reduction in BANA-positive species.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Raspagem Dentária , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Periodontite/terapia , Aplainamento Radicular , Adulto , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Doença Crônica , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia Gengival/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Placebos , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between halitosis parameters in patients with and without cleft lip and/or palate. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-two subjects were examined. They were divided into group I, postgraduate students of Bauru Dental School (FOB); and group II, individuals with repaired cleft lip and/or palate. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) was assessed with a portable sulfide monitor and the values were correlated to the salivary flow rate and weight of tongue coating. RESULTS: There was a relationship between the presence of tongue coating and VSC levels, as well as between salivary flow rate and VSC levels in group II. The same group also revealed a significant correlation between weight of tongue coating and salivary flow rate. There were no significant differences between groups as regards the Halimeter oral measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with repaired cleft lip and/or palate can have the same VSC levels as subjects without clefts.