RESUMO
O condicionamento é uma técnica de pré-embebição de sementes em água ou em solução, por determinado tempo e temperatura, com o objetivo de ativar os processos metabólicos iniciais das sementes. Trabalho conduzido com objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes períodos de condicionamento fisiológico em solução de nitrato de potássio (KNO3) sobre a germinação de sementes de beterraba, cultivar Early Wonder Tall Top, para a produção de baby leafs. Experimento realizado no laboratório de sementes do Centro Universitário Integrado, Campo Mourão PR. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, onde os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes períodos de condicionamento em solução KNO3 (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32 h) e um material híbrido cv. Cabernet para título de comparação, totalizando assim, seis tratamentos (5+1), com oito repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes foram condicionadas em folhas de papel germitest preparadas em recipientes gerbox com a solução de condicionamento em câmara germinadora e temperatura de 25 °C. As variáveis analisadas foram a Porcentagem de Germinação; Índice de Velocidade de Germinação e Velocidade de Germinação. A técnica apresentou resultados favoráveis na germinação, na velocidade de germinação e na padronização da germinação do lote. A máxima porcentagem de germinação foi observada após 16 h de condicionamento. Todos os períodos de condicionamento foram superiores em relação à testemunha híbrida, confirmando a eficácia da técnica.
Priming is a technique of pre-soaking seeds into water or solution for a certain time and temperature in order to activate the initial seeds metabolic processes. This paper was conducted with the objective of evaluating the influence of different physiological conditioning periods in potassium nitrate solution (KNO3) on the germination of beet seeds cultivar Early Wonder Tall Top for the production of baby leafs. Experiment performed in the seed laboratory of the Centro Universitário Integrado, at Campo Mourão - PR. The design was completely randomized, where the treatments were constituted by different conditioning periods in KNO3 solution (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h) and a hybrid material cv. Cabernet for comparison, totaling six treatments (5 + 1), with eight replicates of 50 seeds each treatment. The seeds were conditioned on two sheets of germitest paper prepared in gerbox containers with the conditioning solution in a germination chamber at 25 °C. The analyzed variables were germination percentage, index of germination speed and germination speed. The maximum germination percentage was observed after 16 h of conditioning. All the conditioning periods were superior in relation to the hybrid witness, confirming the effectiveness of the technique.
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Germinação , Nitratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
O condicionamento é uma técnica de pré-embebição de sementes em água ou em solução, por determinado tempo e temperatura, com o objetivo de ativar os processos metabólicos iniciais das sementes. Trabalho conduzido com objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes períodos de condicionamento fisiológico em solução de nitrato de potássio (KNO3) sobre a germinação de sementes de beterraba, cultivar Early Wonder Tall Top, para a produção de baby leafs. Experimento realizado no laboratório de sementes do Centro Universitário Integrado, Campo Mourão PR. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, onde os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes períodos de condicionamento em solução KNO3 (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32 h) e um material híbrido cv. Cabernet para título de comparação, totalizando assim, seis tratamentos (5+1), com oito repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes foram condicionadas em folhas de papel germitest preparadas em recipientes gerbox com a solução de condicionamento em câmara germinadora e temperatura de 25 °C. As variáveis analisadas foram a Porcentagem de Germinação; Índice de Velocidade de Germinação e Velocidade de Germinação. A técnica apresentou resultados favoráveis na germinação, na velocidade de germinação e na padronização da germinação do lote. A máxima porcentagem de germinação foi observada após 16 h de condicionamento. Todos os períodos de condicionamento foram superiores em relação à testemunha híbrida, confirmando a eficácia da técnica.(AU)
Priming is a technique of pre-soaking seeds into water or solution for a certain time and temperature in order to activate the initial seeds metabolic processes. This paper was conducted with the objective of evaluating the influence of different physiological conditioning periods in potassium nitrate solution (KNO3) on the germination of beet seeds cultivar Early Wonder Tall Top for the production of baby leafs. Experiment performed in the seed laboratory of the Centro Universitário Integrado, at Campo Mourão - PR. The design was completely randomized, where the treatments were constituted by different conditioning periods in KNO3 solution (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h) and a hybrid material cv. Cabernet for comparison, totaling six treatments (5 + 1), with eight replicates of 50 seeds each treatment. The seeds were conditioned on two sheets of germitest paper prepared in gerbox containers with the conditioning solution in a germination chamber at 25 °C. The analyzed variables were germination percentage, index of germination speed and germination speed. The maximum germination percentage was observed after 16 h of conditioning. All the conditioning periods were superior in relation to the hybrid witness, confirming the effectiveness of the technique.(AU)
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Germinação , Nitratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Introdução: Beta vulgaris spp. conhecida popularmente como beterraba é bastante utilizada, além do consumo alimentar, de maneira etnofarmacológica para o combate de diversas infecções como: dores no trato gastrointestinal, inflamações crônicas, lesões nas genitais, inflamações nos ovários, cólicas, problemas renais, problemas cardíacos e diabetes. Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antibacteriana e modulatória dos extratos metanólicos e hexânicos dos frutos de B. vulgaris frente a cepas bacterianas padrões e multirresistentes, além de determinar as principais classes de metabólitos secundários. Métodos: os extratos metanólicos e hexânicos de B. vulgaris foram analisados para a atividade antibacteriana por meio de teste de microdiluição em caldo para determinação de Concentração Inibitória Mínima e modulação de aminoglicosídeos a gentamicina e amicacina. Resultados: às cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli diminuiram a Concentração Inibitória Mínima de 64 µg/mL and 256 µg/mL quando combinadas aos antibióticos e extratos, Apresentando, portanto um efeito de aumento da atividade antibiótica, com exceção para o extrato hexânico em associação com a gentamicina contra cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusão: na prospecção fitoquímica foram evidenciados a presença de vários metabólitos secundários, o que pode explicar a ação bactericida desta planta. Portanto, diante dos resultados, B.vulgaris é uma fonte promissora no combate a resistência bacteriana(AU)
Introducción: Beta vulgaris SSP. conocido em lo popular como remolacha, es muy utilizado, además como consumo de alimentos, de manera etnofarmacológica para combatir varias infecciones como: dolores en el tracto gastrointestinal, inflamaciones crónicas, lesiones genitales, inflamaciones en ovarios, cólicos, problemas renales, diabetes y problemas del corazón. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad anti-bacteriana y moduladora de extractos metanólicos y hexânicos del fruto de B. vulgaris frente de cepas bacterianas multirresistentes estándares y además de determinar los principales metabolitos secundarios. Métodos: los extractos metanólicos y hexânicos de B. vulgaris fueron analizados para la actividad antibacteriana mediante prueba de microdilución en caldo para la determinación de la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria y la modulación de aminoglicósidos gentamicina y amikacina. Resultados: las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli disminuyeron la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria de 64 µ g/mL y 256 µ g/mL al combinarlos con antibióticos y los extractos, mostrando así un aumento de la actividad antibiótica. Excepto el extracto hexânico en combinación con la gentamicina contra cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. La fitoquímica evidencia la presencia de varios metabolitos secundarios que pueden explicar la acción bactericida de esta planta. Conclusión: los resultados de B. vulgaris muestran que es una fuente prometedora en la lucha contra la resistencia bacteriana(AU)
Introduction: Beta vulgaris spp. is popularly known as beets, widely used in ethno pharmacological way to fight various infections of the gastrointestinal tract such as pain, chronic inflammation, and sores on the genitals, inflammation of the ovaries, cramps, kidney problems, heart problems and diabetes. Objective: to evaluate the antibacterial and modulatory activity of methanol extracts of fruits and hexanic of B. vulgaris against strains of multiresistant bacterial and standards. In addition, to determining the major classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and tannins. Methods: Hexane and methanol extracts of B. vulgaris were analyzed to antibacterial activity by the broth microdilution test for determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and modulation and aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin. Results: the strains relevant of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcos aureus decreased Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 64 mg/mL and 256 mg/mL thereof when combined antibiotic and extracts. Showing, so a enhancement effect of antibiotic activity, except for the hexane extract in combination with gentamicin against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: in phytochemical were shown the presence of various secondary metabolites, which may explain the bactericidal action of this plant. Therefore, given the results, B. vulgaris spp. is a promising source in combat bacterial resistance(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa L.), beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) are common vegetables in South Africa. The allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of Aloe ferox Mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in Petri dish experiments. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL. Leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/mL inhibited the germination of all the crops, while the root extract had no significant effect on germination irrespective of concentration. Interestingly, the lowest concentration of leaf extract stimulated root length elongation of beetroot by 31.71%. Other concentrations significantly inhibited both root and shoot growth of the vegetable crops except the turnip shoot. The most sensitive crop was carrot, with percentage inhibition ranging from 29.15 to 100% for root and shoot lengths. Lower percentage inhibition was observed for the root extract than the leaf extract against shoot growth of beetroot and carrot. The results from this study suggested the presence of allelochemicals mostly in the leaves of A. ferox that could inhibit the growth of the turnip, beetroot and carrot.
Assuntos
Aloe/química , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Brassica napus/efeitos dos fármacos , Daucus carota/efeitos dos fármacos , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Beta vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brassica napus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Daucus carota/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa L.), beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) are common vegetables in South Africa. The allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of Aloe ferox Mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in Petri dish experiments. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL. Leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/mL inhibited the germination of all the crops, while the root extract had no significant effect on germination irrespective of concentration. Interestingly, the lowest concentration of leaf extract stimulated root length elongation of beetroot by 31.71%. Other concentrations significantly inhibited both root and shoot growth of the vegetable crops except the turnip shoot. The most sensitive crop was carrot, with percentage inhibition ranging from 29.15 to 100% for root and shoot lengths. Lower percentage inhibition was observed for the root extract than the leaf extract against shoot growth of beetroot and carrot. The results from this study suggested the presence of allelochemicals mostly in the leaves of A. ferox that could inhibit the growth of the turnip, beetroot and carrot.
Assuntos
Aloe/química , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Brassica napus/efeitos dos fármacos , Daucus carota/efeitos dos fármacos , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Beta vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brassica napus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Daucus carota/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The short-term response of some soil physical, chemical and biological properties, and the growth of beet, to the application of vermicompost-compost mix and/or bone meal at different doses in an organic system was evaluated in the present work. Fractions of soil organic matter after amendment application were also evaluated. Though no differences were found in oxidizable carbon, the particulate organic carbon was incremented in treatments with the application of vermicompost-compost mix (VC) and the combination of compost and bone meal (VC-BM). When analyzing the fulvic, humic and humin fractions, the highest fulvic acids were found in vermi-compost and bone meal mix, at the higher dose (VC2-BM2). In general, the addition of compost and/or bone meal stimulated microbial respiration. The treatments produced a slight but significant increase in electrical conductivity, thought it was still far from limits that involve risk of salinization. An increment in extractable P was found in all the treatments with amendment application with the exception of bone meal applied at the lower dose (1kgm(-2)). The cation exchange capacity showed a significant increment in VC2-BM2. A single application of VC at dose of 2kgm(-2) was enough to significantly reduce bulk density. An increment in kg dry matter m(-2) of beet was observed in all the treatments, but it only was significant in VC2-BM2. However, the highest N and P concentration was found in beet aerial tissues from the treatments with the higher dose of the compost-vermicompost mix (VC2 and VC2-BM2). Particulate organic carbon, fulvic acid fraction, C from respiration, and bulk density were the soil properties that showed a positive change after amendment application. Treatment combining vermicompost-compost and bone meal (VC2-BM2) seemed to be the best option to achieve an improvement both in soil and crop production and quality.
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fertilizantes , Compostos Orgânicos/química , Solo/química , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Cidades , Compostos Orgânicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The influence of Triton X-100 on Beta vulgaris L. permeabilized cell culture viability, regrowth, and ability to produce betacyanines was evaluated in this study. A non-destructive method based on the analysis of images in the RGB (red, green, blue) system was developed to estimate betacyanines content. A treatment for 15 min with 0.7 mM Triton X-100 induced the release of 30% of betacyanines without loss of cell viability (>or=70%). After this permeabilization treatment, B. vulgaris cultures regrew normally, reaching a maximum biomass concentration of 48% higher than non-permeabilized cultures after 14 days of culture. Also, maximum betacyanines concentration was only 25% lower than that of non-permeabilized cultures.
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris/citologia , Beta vulgaris/fisiologia , Betacianinas/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Colorimetria/métodos , Microscopia de Fluorescência/métodos , Octoxinol/administração & dosagem , Beta vulgaris/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Permeabilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Volume changes were studied in Beta vulgaris storage root vacuoles, using video microscopy, when exposed to hypotonic conditions. The osmotic gradient was either step-applied or progressively imposed in perfusion experiments. Preincubation at low pH (6.6) or with HgCl2 strongly reduced the vacuoles' water permeability, measured in step experiments. Furthermore, the volumetric response depended on the rate with which the aniso-osmotic condition was established. In perfusion experiments a "plateau value" (osmotic equilibrium or steady-state volume value) was observed, which was significantly lower than the theoretically expected one. Furthermore, if vacuoles were preincubated in presence of HgCl2 or at low pH and then the hypo-osmotic challenge was applied in perfusion experiments, a still lower "plateau value" was observed. This reduction was concentration-dependent and completely reversible. In these conditions, when HgCl2 concentration was 300 mM or medium pH was 6.6, the volume change was abolished. In other experiments, when urea iso-osmotically replaced mannitol, a reversible, pH-dependent volumetric response was observed. These results can be interpreted accepting that 1) mercury-sensitive water channels, present in the studied structure, were blocked by low pH during the hypo-osmotic challenge; 2) modification of water permeability prevents excessive swelling during the osmotic shock; 3) the effectiveness of this last mechanism depended on the osmotic challenge rate; and 4) additionally, urea reflection coefficients were also modified by reduced medium pH.