RESUMO
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to environmental chemicals with hormonal properties, also called endocrine disrupting chemicals, may be involved in the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa). Such exposure may also influence the treatment outcome as it is still present at the time of diagnosis, the beginning of therapy, and beyond. We followed 326 men in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) who underwent radical prostatectomy as primary treatment of localized PCa. We analyzed the relationship between exposure to the estrogenic chlordecone, the antiandrogenic dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT), and the nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153) with mixed estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery. After a median follow-up of 6.1 years after surgery, we found a significant increase in the risk of BCR, with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.56 for the highest vs. lowest quartile of exposure; p trend = 0.002). We found no associations for DDE or PCB-135. These results shown that exposure to environmental estrogens may negatively influence the outcome of PCa treatment.
Assuntos
Disruptores Endócrinos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Idoso , Clordecona/efeitos adversos , Clordecona/sangue , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/efeitos adversos , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/sangue , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Seguimentos , Guadalupe , Humanos , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Inseticidas/sangue , Calicreínas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
En octubre de 2015 el depósito de transformadores fuera de uso de la Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE) ubicado en San Lorenzo (Paraguay), sufrió un incendio de gran magnitud, con destrucción de transformadores, condensadores, y otros materiales que pudieron contener bifenilopoliclorados (PCBs), considerados compuestos orgánicos persistentes, de baja toxicidad aguda, clasificados como cancerígenos (Grupo1) por la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación sobre el cáncer (IARC). Niveles de PCBs en plasma son considerados biomarcadores de exposición al agente químico. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir los casos toxicológicos por exposición al incendio de transformadores fuera de uso, según síntomas manifestados, actividades relacionadas al incendio y resultados del biomarcador de exposición. En este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se estudiaron 190 historias clínicas del Centro Nacional de Toxicología (CNTox), hasta 29 días posteriores al incendio, que contaban con resultados del biomarcador determinado por GC/MS. Se detectó el biomarcador hasta 13 días después del incendio. Se observaron niveles plasmáticos de PCBs: <1 ng/ml en 86,84% (165/190) y ≥1 ng/ml 13,16% (25/190). No se registraron casos de cloracné. Pacientes asintomáticos constituyeron 48,94% (93/190), con detección del biomarcador en 56% (14/25). Pacientes con síntomas constituyeron 51,06% (97/190) con detección del biomarcador en 44% (11/25). Teniendo en cuenta la actividad de los pacientes con PCB detectado en plasma fueron bomberos 88% (22/25). Pacientes asintomáticos con niveles detectables de PCBs en plasma como biomarcador de exposición, describe la complementación de datos clínicos con los laboratoriales(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Contaminação Química , Incêndio com Produtos Químicos , Fatores de Tempo , Estudos Transversais , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores AmbientaisRESUMO
In October 2007, a light crude oil spill took place in the off shore Kab121 oil well, 32 km north of the mouth of the Grijalva River, Tabasco, Mexico. In order to estimate the possible effects of oil spill on the biota in the area surrounding the spilled well, the level of different fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were measured in fish, as well as the concentration of some chlorinated hydrocarbons and PCBs. The organisms examined were cat fish (Ariopsis felis), in addition fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile, the contaminants above mentioned and their relationship with cyotochrome P-450 and Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, Glutathion-S-Transferase and catalase activities in liver were determined. The concentration of most pollutants were low, except PAHs. Spatial distribution of these compounds, as well as most biomarkers, reflected the highest exposure of fish to pollutants in the area adjacent to well, as well as in the proximity of rivers. The profile of exposure to this environment was chronic in nature and not temporary.
Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Bile/química , Biomarcadores/análise , Peixes-Gato , Golfo do México , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/efeitos adversos , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/análise , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/análise , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análiseRESUMO
Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.
Assuntos
Clordecona/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Nascimento Prematuro/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Clordecona/sangue , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/efeitos adversos , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/sangue , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Inseticidas/sangue , Modelos Lineares , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We examined prospective cohort studies evaluating the relation between prenatal and neonatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurodevelopment in children to assess the feasibility of conducting a meta-analysis to support decision making. We described studies in terms of exposure and end point categorization, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. We used this evaluation to assess the feasibility of grouping studies into reasonably uniform categories. The most consistently used tests included Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, the neurologic optimality score in the neonatal period, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 5-8 months of age, and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities in 5-year-olds. Despite administering the same tests at similar ages, the studies were too dissimilar to allow a meaningful quantitative examination of outcomes across cohorts. These analyses indicate that our ability to conduct weight-of-evidence assessments of the epidemiologic literature on neurotoxicants may be limited, even in the presence of multiple studies, if the available study methods, data analysis, and reporting lack comparability.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Pré-Escolar , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Metanálise como Assunto , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
We examined prospective cohort studies evaluating the relation between prenatal and neonatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurodevelopment in children to assess the feasibility of conducting a meta-analysis to support decision making. We described studies in terms of exposure and end point categorization, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. We used this evaluation to assess the feasibility of grouping studies into reasonably uniform categories. The most consistently used tests included Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, the neurologic optimality score in the neonatal period, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 5-8months of age, and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities in 5-year-olds. Despite administering the same tests at similar ages, the studies were too dissimilar to allow a meaningful quantitative examination of outcomes across cohorts. These analyses indicate that our ability to conduct weight-of-evidence assessments of the epidemiologic literature on neurotoxicants may be limited, even in the presence of multiple studies, if the available study methods, data analysis, and reporting lack comparability.
Foram examinados estudos de grupo que avaliaram a relação entre a exposição pré-natal e neonatal aos bifenilos policlorados (PCB) e o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças a fim de avaliar a viabilidade da realização de uma meta-análise para suporte à tomada de decisão. Nós descrevemos os estudos em termos de exposição, categorizações, análise estatística e elaboração de relatórios de resultados. Nós utilizamos esta avaliação para verificar a viabilidade de agrupar os estudos em categorias razoavelmente uniformes. Os testes mais utilizados foram Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, a pontuação de otimalidade neurológica no período neonatal, as Escalas Bayley de Desenvolvimento Infantil de 5 a 8 meses de idade, e as Escalas McCarthy de habilidades das crianças em 5 anos de idade. Apesar de administrar os mesmos testes com idades semelhantes, os estudos foram muito diferentes para permitir uma análise quantitativa significativa dos resultados entre grupos. Estas análises indicam que a nossa capacidade de realizar avaliações da literatura epidemiológica sobre neurotóxicos pode ser limitada - mesmo na presença de vários estudos - se não existe nenhuma forma de comparação com os métodos de estudo disponíveis e análise dos dados.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Tomada de Decisões , Metanálise como Assunto , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
The most prevalent female cancer across the world is breast cancer. Current established breast cancer risk factors explain only a fraction of the breast cancer cases diagnosed, and for this reason, other environmental factors have been studied. Exposure to organochlorine compounds has been linked to an increased incidence of breast cancer, although not all data have been consistent. This study was designed to evaluate the relation between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exposure and breast cancer risk in Mexican women. We recruited 140 women from the General Hospital. The cases were 70 newly diagnosed women. We collected environmental and reproductive information by questionnaire. Blood samples were taken for measurement of serum levels of 20 PCB congeners. Risk of breast cancer was found to be positively associated with heavy congeners, age, postmenopausal status, family history of breast cancer and living close to an industrial facility. When PCB were grouped by structure-activity relationships, the risk of breast cancer was positively associated with groups 2b (odds ratio, OR = 1.90, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.25-2.88), 3 (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.08-3.04) and group 4 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.20-2.07). Among postmenopausal women, PCB levels from groups 1a, 2b, and 4 and total PCB were higher in cases, and an association between risk of breast cancer with groups 1a (OR = 7.59, 95% CI 1.1-51.4), 2b (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.2-11.2) and 4 (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1) was found in this group of women. This study showed an association between heavy and potentially estrogenic PCB congeners and breast cancer risk.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Reported evidence regarding relationships between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and thyroid homeostasis in adults has been considered contradictory. The objective of this systematic review is to determine a possible association between PCB exposure and the circulating thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in adults, by analyzing the quality of published studies. A systematic review of epidemiological papers was conducted using PubMed. An evaluation of the quality of 22 studies was performed, and the papers were classified into two tiers: Tier I for studies with higher quality scores (eight) and Tier II for studies with lower quality scores (14). It appears that PCBs can interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis; however epidemiological evidence is not entirely clear. For triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), Tier I studies showed either an inverse (four cases for T3; five cases for T4) or no significant association (two cases for T3; five cases for T4) with PCBs. In the case of free thyroxine and TSH, the Tier I papers observed no clear association with PCB levels. Rigorous study design, assessment of potential confounding factors, and fuller reporting of methods and results in future studies will facilitate understanding of whether PCB exposure is associated with changes in thyroid function.
Assuntos
Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , Adulto , Antitireóideos/farmacologia , Fatores de Confusão Epidemiológicos , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Tireotropina/sangue , Tireotropina/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiroxina/sangue , Tiroxina/efeitos dos fármacos , Tri-Iodotironina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A infertilidade afeta até 15 por cento da população sexualmente ativa e em 50 por cento dos casos o fator masculino está envolvido, como problema primário ou em combinação com causas de origem feminina. Como muitas drogas comumente encontradas e medicações podem ter efeitos deletérios na infertilidade masculina, a avaliação médica deve incluir uma discussão sobre o uso de drogas ilícitas, medicamentos e outras substâncias que podem prejudicar a fertilidade. Com oconhecimento de quais drogas e medicamentos podem ser prejudiciais a fertilidade, talvez seja possível mudar os habitos ou a posologia das medicações para diminuir os efeitos adversos na fertilidade e aumentar as chances de engravidar com sucesso.
Infertility affects up to 15 per cent of the sexual active population and in 50 per cento of cases, a male factor is involved either as a primary problem on in combination with a problem in the female partner. Because many commonly encountered drugs and medications can have a detrimental effect on male fertility, the medical evaluation should include a discussion regarding the use of illicit drugs, medications, and other substances that may impair fertility. With the knowledge of which drugs and medications may be detrimental to fertility, it may be possible to modify a patient's habits or medications regimen to decrease adverse effects on fertility and improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Fertilidade , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Infertilidade/etiologia , Infertilidade/prevenção & controle , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Cannabis/efeitos adversos , Dioxinas/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicaçõesRESUMO
The oxidative stress response in Girardinichthys viviparus after exposure to water from its extant habitants was evaluated. The distribution range of this endangered species is currently restricted to a single lake, which receives domestic and industrial wastewater treated to a secondary level, but this is also contaminated with PCBs. Fish were exposed to water from Lake Texcoco, its extant habitat or another one, the Lake Zumpango proposed as a candidate to re-introduction. To predict the damage induced by sublethal increases in PCBs, assessment is also made of fish response to water from these localities enriched with PCB mixtures. Adult fish born in the laboratory were exposed to filtered surface water or to the PCB-enriched water for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days. An assessment of the oxidative stress response in G. viviparus revealed four characteristic response patterns that were frequently observed: (1) increased lipid-peroxidation (LPOX), depressed SOD and increased CAT; (2) an increase in all three biomarkers; (3) reduced LPOX, unchanged SOD and increased CAT; (4) increased LPOX and depressed SOD and CAT. Our results demonstrate the complexity stress response of this endangered species while indicating that preventive measures are urgent to control the discharge of pro-oxidants in its environment.