RESUMO
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to environmental chemicals with hormonal properties, also called endocrine disrupting chemicals, may be involved in the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa). Such exposure may also influence the treatment outcome as it is still present at the time of diagnosis, the beginning of therapy, and beyond. We followed 326 men in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) who underwent radical prostatectomy as primary treatment of localized PCa. We analyzed the relationship between exposure to the estrogenic chlordecone, the antiandrogenic dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT), and the nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153) with mixed estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery. After a median follow-up of 6.1 years after surgery, we found a significant increase in the risk of BCR, with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.56 for the highest vs. lowest quartile of exposure; p trend = 0.002). We found no associations for DDE or PCB-135. These results shown that exposure to environmental estrogens may negatively influence the outcome of PCa treatment.
Assuntos
Disruptores Endócrinos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Idoso , Clordecona/efeitos adversos , Clordecona/sangue , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/efeitos adversos , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/sangue , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Seguimentos , Guadalupe , Humanos , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Inseticidas/sangue , Calicreínas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants, separately and combined, and anogenital distance (in-utero endocrine disruption marker). DESIGN: A cohort study conducted in Sonora, Mexico. Blood concentrations of polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) 28, 74, 118, 138/158, 153, 170, 180 and the isomers of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites were determined in women in the third trimester of pregnancy; three variants of anogenital distance were measured on five occasions during the first year of life of their infants: 82 girls (402 observations) and 74 boys (356 observations). RESULTS: Boys had negative and significant associations between anogenital distance/height and the concentrations of PCB 28 (betaâ¯=â¯-â¯0.005;Pâ¯=â¯0.006), PCB 74 (betaâ¯=â¯-â¯0.003;Pâ¯=â¯0.013), and PCB 170 (betaâ¯=â¯-â¯0.005;Pâ¯=â¯0.001) when analysed individually. Negative and significant associations were also found using statistical models applied to mixtures of compounds. The latter associations were sometimes larger in magnitude and significance, suggesting a possible potentiation of the compounds. No associations were observed between anogenital distance and DDT in either sex or with PCB in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased anogenital distance associated with prenatal exposure to the persistent organic pollutants, observed consistently in different analyses, suggests an under-masculinizing effect of these environmental pollutants in boys.
Assuntos
DDT/toxicidade , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Bifenilos Policlorados/toxicidade , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Canal Anal/efeitos dos fármacos , Canal Anal/embriologia , Antropometria , Estudos de Coortes , DDT/sangue , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Feminino , Genitália/anatomia & histologia , Genitália/efeitos dos fármacos , Genitália/embriologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da GravidezRESUMO
En octubre de 2015 el depósito de transformadores fuera de uso de la Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE) ubicado en San Lorenzo (Paraguay), sufrió un incendio de gran magnitud, con destrucción de transformadores, condensadores, y otros materiales que pudieron contener bifenilopoliclorados (PCBs), considerados compuestos orgánicos persistentes, de baja toxicidad aguda, clasificados como cancerígenos (Grupo1) por la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación sobre el cáncer (IARC). Niveles de PCBs en plasma son considerados biomarcadores de exposición al agente químico. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir los casos toxicológicos por exposición al incendio de transformadores fuera de uso, según síntomas manifestados, actividades relacionadas al incendio y resultados del biomarcador de exposición. En este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se estudiaron 190 historias clínicas del Centro Nacional de Toxicología (CNTox), hasta 29 días posteriores al incendio, que contaban con resultados del biomarcador determinado por GC/MS. Se detectó el biomarcador hasta 13 días después del incendio. Se observaron niveles plasmáticos de PCBs: <1 ng/ml en 86,84% (165/190) y ≥1 ng/ml 13,16% (25/190). No se registraron casos de cloracné. Pacientes asintomáticos constituyeron 48,94% (93/190), con detección del biomarcador en 56% (14/25). Pacientes con síntomas constituyeron 51,06% (97/190) con detección del biomarcador en 44% (11/25). Teniendo en cuenta la actividad de los pacientes con PCB detectado en plasma fueron bomberos 88% (22/25). Pacientes asintomáticos con niveles detectables de PCBs en plasma como biomarcador de exposición, describe la complementación de datos clínicos con los laboratoriales(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Contaminação Química , Incêndio com Produtos Químicos , Fatores de Tempo , Estudos Transversais , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores AmbientaisRESUMO
Persistent organic pollutants were assessed in Humboldt Penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti) from the Punta San Juan Marine Protected Area, Peru, in the austral winter of 2009. Plasma samples from 29 penguins were evaluated for 31 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by using gas chromatography coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer and for 15 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners by using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The detection rate for PCBs in the samples was 69%, with congeners 105, 118, 180, and 153 most commonly detected. The maximum ΣPCB concentration was 25 ng/g. The detection rate for DDT, DDD, and/or DDE was higher than for other OCP residues (90%; maximum concentration=10 ng/g). The detection rate for PBDEs was 86%, but most concentrations were low (maximum ΣPBDE concentration=3.81 ng/g). This crucial breeding population of S. humboldti was not exposed to contaminants at levels detrimental to health and reproductive success; however, the identified concentrations of legacy and recently emerged toxicants underscore the need for temporal monitoring and diligence to protect this endangered species in the face of regional human population and industrial growth. These results also provide key reference values for spatial comparisons throughout the range of this species.
Assuntos
Éteres Difenil Halogenados/sangue , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/sangue , Praguicidas/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Spheniscidae/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/sangue , Animais , PeruRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. Los bifenilos policlorados se encuentran entre los cinco contaminantes orgánicos persistentes más tóxicos para los organismos vivos, según la Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) de los Estados Unidos. Objetivo. Estandarizar y validar un método analítico para la determinación y cuantificación de los bifenilos policlorados indicadores en muestras de plasma sanguíneo, mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Materiales y métodos. Se fortificó un pool de plasma para hacer los ensayos en la matriz. Además, se utilizó el material de referencia NIST SRM ® 1958 (Organic Contaminants in Fortified Human Serum, Freeze-Dried) para los ensayos de veracidad y precisión intermedia. Resultados. Los porcentajes de recuperación obtenidos con la metodología estuvieron entre 88,4 y 97,5 %, y el sesgo fue menor del 20 %. Los límites de detección y cuantificación de los bifenilos policlorados indicadores policlorados fueron de 0,04 µg/L y 0,10 µg/L, respectivamente. La linealidad representada por el coeficiente de determinación (R2) varió entre 0,9866 y 0,9886. La precisión expresada como desviación estándar relativa fue menor del 20 % en todo el rango lineal de trabajo (0,5-500 µg/L). Por último, se analizaron 115 muestras de población colombiana de diferentes zonas del país y se encontraron 65 muestras positivas, de las cuales dos estuvieron por encima de los valores de control biológico en humanos (Human Biomonitoring Values, HBM- II): 7,0 µg/L, 2XΣPCB 138, 153, 180 , y otras dos, por encima del HBM-I: 3,5 µg/L, 2XΣPCB 138, 153, 180. Conclusión. El método desarrollado resultó ser preciso para el análisis de los bifenilos policlorados en muestras de plasma sanguíneo y se puede utilizar para el control biológico de estos contaminantes en población colombiana.
Abstract Introduction: Polychlorinated biphenyls are among the five most toxic persistent contaminants for living organisms according to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Objective: To standardize and validate an analytical method to determine and quantify polychlorinated biphenyl indicators in samples from blood plasma by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Materials and methods: We fortified a plasma pool to do the matrix assays. Additionally, we used the NIST SRM® 1958 reference material for the veracity and intermediate accuracy assays. Results: Methodology recovery percentages ranged between 88.4 and 97.5%, and the bias was less than 20%. Detection and quantification limits were 0.04 µg/L and 0.10 µg/L, respectively, for all polychlorinated biphenyl indicators. The linearity represented by the determination coefficient (R2 ) varied between 0.9866 and 0.9886. Accuracy, expressed as relative standard deviation was less than 20% in all the linear work range (0.5-500 µg/L). Finally, we analyzed 115 samples from Colombian population in various zones of the country and we found 65 positive samples, from which two samples were above HBM-II (7.0 µg/L, 2XΣPCB 138, 153, 180), and two, above HBM-I (3.5 µg/L, 2XΣPCB 138, 153, 180 ). Conclusion: The method we developed is accurate for PCB analysis in blood plasma samples and could be used for biological surveillance of these contaminants in the Colombian population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Plasma , Colômbia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/normasRESUMO
The occurrence of organohalogen compounds in venous serum from post-partum mothers from two Argentinian cities, Salta and Ushuaia, has been investigated (n = 698). 4,4'-DDE was the most abundant compound in these cities, with geometric means of 33 and 67ng/g lipid weight, respectively. City of residence, age and parity were the main determinants of the accumulation of these compounds. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was the second most abundant pollutant in Ushuaia, 8.7ng/g lipid, and ß-hexachlorocyclohexane (ß-HCH) in Salta, 7.8ng/g lipid. Decabromodiphenyl ether was higher in Ushuaia than Salta, 8.2 and 4.1ng/g lipid, respectively. The predominance of ß-HCH, 4,4'-DDE and 4,4'-DDT in Salta was related with higher use of pesticides for agricultural applications. The observed higher concentrations of 4,4'-DDE and 4,4'-DDT in the mothers from rural+semi-urban sites than in urban areas were consistent with this agricultural origin. In addition, the most volatile organochlorine compounds included in this study, HCB and α-HCH, were mainly found in Ushuaia. The concentrations of the studied organohalogen pollutants in Argentina were lower than those found in other similar studies which is consistent with the location of these cities in the southern hemisphere. Age, mainly for 4,4'-DDE and polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners 138, 153 and 180, and parity, mainly for HCB, ß-HCH, 4,4'-DDT and PCB congener 118, were the second main determinants of the concentrations of these compounds. Gestational weight gain also influenced on the maternal levels of HCB, ß-HCH, 4,4'-DDT and PCB congeners 118, 138 and 153. Higher weight accumulation during pregnancy involved dilution of these persistent pollutants. Body mass index (BMI) was a statistically significant determinant for 4,4'-DDT, α-HCH and PCB congeners 153 and 180. The observed direct correspondence between higher BMI and 4,4'-DDT concentrations was in agreement with the above reported inputs related with agricultural applications. The reverse correspondence of BMI with α-HCH and the PCB congeners indicated higher dilution at higher weight increase.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Hidrocarbonetos Halogenados/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Argentina , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães , Paridade , Aumento de Peso , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an appreciated tool used to evaluate human exposure to environmental, occupational or lifestyle chemicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels for environmental chemicals in urine and blood samples of children from San Luis Potosí, Mexico (SLP). This study identifies environmental chemicals of concern such as: arsenic (45.0 ± 15.0 µg/g creatinine), lead (5.40 ± 2.80 µg/dL), t,t-muconic acid (266 ± 220 µg/g creatinine), 1-hydroxypyrene (0.25 ± 0.15 µmol/mol creatinine), PBDEs (28.0 ± 15.0 ng/g lipid), and PCBs (33.0 ± 16.0 ng/g lipid). On the other hand, low mercury (1.25 ± 1.00 µg/L), hippuric acid (0.38 ± 0.15 µg/g creatinine) and total DDT (130 ± 35 ng/g lipid) exposure levels were found. This preliminary study showed the tool's utility, as the general findings revealed chemicals of concern. Moreover, this screening exhibited the need for HBM in the general population of SLP.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Arsênio/sangue , Arsênio/urina , Criança , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Poluentes Ambientais/urina , Feminino , Éteres Difenil Halogenados/sangue , Éteres Difenil Halogenados/urina , Hipuratos/sangue , Hipuratos/urina , Humanos , Masculino , México , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/urina , Pirenos/sangue , Pirenos/urina , Ácido Sórbico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Sórbico/metabolismoRESUMO
The adverse effect of pesticides on non-target wildlife and human health is a primary concern in the world, but in Mexico, we do not know which wildlife species are at the greatest risk. The aim of this study was to determine organochlorine pesticides in mice of two agricultural fields in Sinaloa, Culiacan and Guasave. Procedures of extraction, analysis, and quantification were followed according to the modified EPA 8081b method. In three mouse tissues (gonad, brain, and blood), γBHC and decachlorobiphenyl with a frequency higher than 50% and endosulfan sulfate with 43% were observed. The wildlife fauna living in agricultural areas are at great risk due to: (1) diversity of the chemicals used for pest control, like mice, and (2) variety of organochlorine pesticides in direct or indirect contact with non-target organisms, affecting the health of animals and humans (toxic effects and accumulation).
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Gônadas/metabolismo , Agricultura , Animais , Endossulfano/análogos & derivados , Endossulfano/sangue , Monitoramento Ambiental , Hexaclorocicloexano/sangue , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/sangue , México , Camundongos , Praguicidas/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/sangueRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Polychlorinated biphenyls are among the five most toxic persistent contaminants for living organisms according to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). OBJECTIVE: To standardize and validate an analytical method to determine and quantify polychlorinated biphenyl indicators in samples from blood plasma by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We fortified a plasma pool to do the matrix assays. Additionally, we used the NIST SRM® 1958 reference material for the veracity and intermediate accuracy assays. RESULTS: Methodology recovery percentages ranged between 88.4 and 97.5%, and the bias was less than 20%. Detection and quantification limits were 0.04 µg/L and 0.10 µg/L, respectively, for all polychlorinated biphenyl indicators. The linearity represented by the determination coefficient (R2) varied between 0.9866 and 0.9886. Accuracy, expressed as relative standard deviation was less than 20% in all the linear work range (0.5-500 µg/L). Finally, we analyzed 115 samples from Colombian population in various zones of the country and we found 65 positive samples, from which two samples were above HBM-II (7.0 µg/L, 2XΣPCB 138, 153, 180), and two, above HBM-I (3.5 µg/L, 2XΣPCB 138, 153, 180). CONCLUSION: The method we developed is accurate for PCB analysis in blood plasma samples and could be used for biological surveillance of these contaminants in the Colombian population.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Colômbia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/normas , Humanos , PlasmaRESUMO
To date much of the biomonitoring related to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides is from middle to high income countries, including the U.S., Canada and Europe, but such data are lacking for the majority of low to middle income countries. Using data from 64 pregnant mothers who were enrolled in 2011, we aimed to assess the concentrations of the aforementioned toxins in umbilical cord blood serum of 67 Jamaican newborns. For 97 of the 100 PCB congeners and 16 of the 17 OC pesticides, all (100%) concentrations were below their respective limits of detection (LOD). Mean (standard deviation (SD)) lipid-adjusted concentrations in cord blood serum for congeners PCB-153, PCB-180, PCB-206 and total PCB were 14.25 (3.21), 7.16 (1.71), 7.30 (1.74) and 28.15 (6.03) ng/g-lipid, respectively. The means (SD) for the 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)-hexane fraction and total-DDE were 61.61 (70.78) and 61.60 (70.76) ng/g-lipid, respectively. Compared to the U.S. and Canada, the concentrations of these toxins were lower in cord-blood serum of Jamaican newborns. We discuss that these differences could be partly due to differences in dietary patterns in these countries. Despite limitations in our dataset, our results provide information on the investigated toxins in cord blood serum that could serve as a reference for Jamaican newborns.