RESUMO
In this study, particles produced from sericin-alginate blend were used as non-conventional bioadsorbent for removing Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Besides chromium mitigation, the use of sericin-alginate particles as bioadsorbent aims to offer an environmental solution of added value for sericin, which is a by-product from silk industry. Sericin-alginate particles in natura and loaded with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were characterized using N2 physical adsorption analysis, optical microcopy, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. Kinetic studies on the removal of Cr(III) (at pH = 3.5) and Cr(VI) (at pH = 2) indicate the ion exchange mechanism with Ca(II) and the predominance of external mass transfer resistance. Cr(VI) uptake occurs through an adsorption-coupled reduction process, and bioadsorption equilibrium is reached after ~ 1000 min. Cr(III) bioadsorption occurs faster (~ 210 min). The Cr(VI) bioadsorption is endothermic, as bioadsorption capacity increases with temperature: 0.0783 mmol/g (20 °C), 0.1960 mmol/g (30 °C), 0.4570 mmol/g (40 °C), and 0.7577 mmol/g (55 °C). The three-parameter isotherm model of Tóth best represents the equilibrium data of total chromium. From Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum bioadsorption capacity is higher for total chromium, 0.25 mmol/g (30 °C), than for trivalent chromium, 0.023 mmol/g (30 °C). The comparison of bioadsorption capacities with different biomaterials confirms sericin-alginate particles as potential bioadsorbent of chromium.
Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Bombyx/metabolismo , Cromo/química , Sericinas/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Purificação da Água , Adsorção , Animais , Cinética , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Declining immune function poses an important clinical challenge worldwide and supplementation with natural products that possessing immune enhancing properties is a promising approach for preventing or delaying immune function decline. Cocoons from yellow silkworms are a significant source of lutein, and this unexplored silk extract could be a viable alternative source for dietary lutein. This study assessed immunomodulatory activities of the silk lutein extract. Female BALB/c mice orally received lutein, either as silk or marigold extracts (10 or 20 mg/kg daily), or vehicle only (1% tween 80 in PBS pH 7.4) for 4 weeks. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, specific antibody production, lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production were examined. RESULTS: Silk lutein extract increased NK cell activity, and the effect was dose-related whereas marigold lutein extract was ineffective. Silk lutein extract dose-dependently enhanced antibody production in pre-immunized mice but marigold lutein extract had no effect. Feeding with silk lutein extract increased the populations of CD3+ and CD4 + CD3 + cells. Silk lutein extract also stimulated concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferations of T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Moreover, silk lutein extract increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production while the effect of marigold lutein extract was undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: Together, silk lutein extract enhanced both innate and adaptive immune functions. This preparation may prove to be an effective supplement for strengthened immunity.
Assuntos
Exoesqueleto/química , Bombyx/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/análise , Luteína/imunologia , Seda/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Heterófilos/sangue , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Bombyx/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Flores/imunologia , Interferon gama/análise , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-2/análise , Interleucina-4/análise , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Pupa/imunologia , Pupa/metabolismo , Seda/química , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Tagetes/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Films of silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) blends were prepared by solution casting technique. The miscibility of SF and SA in those blends was evaluated and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SF/SA 25/75 wt.% blends underwent microscopic phase separation, resulting in globular structures composed mainly of SF. X-ray diffraction indicated the amorphous nature of these blends, even after a treatment with ethanol that turned them insoluble in water. Thermal analyses of blends showed the peaks of degradation of pristine SF and SA shifted to intermediate temperatures. Water vapor permeability, swelling capacity and tensile strength of SF films could be enhanced by blending with SA. Cell viability remained between 90 and 100%, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity test. The SF/SA blend with self-assembled SF globules can be used to modulate structural and mechanical properties of the final material and may be used in designing high performance wound dressing.
Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Fibroínas/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/toxicidade , Bombyx/química , Bombyx/metabolismo , Células CHO , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Seda/química , Temperatura , Água/químicaRESUMO
Este experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Sericicultura, no Campus Sede da Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) de Umuarama, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2011, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da própolis em diferentes dosagens na alimentação durante o desenvolvimento biológico do bicho-da-seda (Bombxy mori L.). O método empregado na parte experimental foi a pulverização do extrato glicólico de própolis, diluído em 500mL de água destilada nas folhas de amoreira, nas seguintes dosagens, água-controle, 25mL, 30mL, 35mL e 40mL compondo os tratamentos: controle, T1 , T2 , T3 e T4 respectivamente. As folhas de amoreira foram fornecidas cinco vezes ao dia, durante o manejo alimentar. Verificou-se, pelos resultados obtidos, que as diferentes dosagens de própolis utilizadas não interferiram no ganho de peso das lagartas, no peso dos casulos verdes, no peso da casca sérica e crisálidas, quando comparado ao tratamento controle, mas quando se compara o Controle e T4 do ensaio da primavera, respectivamente, para os teores de seda bruto e líquido, há resultados significativos. Portanto, verificou-se que o extrato glicólico de própolis, em dosagens de 40mL, pode prejudicar o teor líquido de seda em uma produção de casulos, trazendo resultados pouco apreciados dentro da sericicultura...
This experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Sericulture, at the main campus of University Paranaense (UNIPAR), in the city of Umuarama, from February to October 2011, in order to verify the effect of different doses of propolis in feeding during the biological development of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The method used in the experiment was the spraying of propolis glycolic extract dissolved in 500-mL distilled water on the mulberry leaves in the following water- -control dosages: 25mL, 30mL, 35mL and 40mL related to the treatment controls T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Mulberry leaves were provided five times a day for feeding management. The results obtained showed that the different dosages of propolis used did not affect the weight gain of the larvae, the weight of green cocoons, shells and pupae when compared to the control treatment. However, when comparing the control and T4 from the Spring assay, respectively, to the levels of crude and net silk, significant results were noted. Thus, it can be concluded that propolis glycolic extract in 40-ml dosages may impair the net silk content in a cocoon production, presenting negative results in sericulture...
: Este experimento se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Sericultura, Campus Sede de la Universidad Paranaense (UNIPAR) de Umuarama, en el período de febrero a octubre de 2011, con el fin de verificar el efecto de propóleos en diferentes concentraciones en la alimentación durante el desarrollo biológico del gusano de seda (Bombyx mori L.). El método utilizado en el experimento fue la pulverización de extracto glicólico de propóleos, disuelto en 500 ml de agua destilada en las hojas de morera, en las siguientes dosis, agua control, 25 mL, 30mL, 35 mL, y 40 mL componiendo los tratamientos: control T1 , T2 , T3 e T4 respectivamente. A las hojas de morera se les han dado cinco veces al día, durante el manejo alimentar. Se verificó, por los resultados obtenidos, que las diferentes dosis de propóleos utilizados no afectaron en la ganancia de peso de los gusanos, en el peso de los capullos verdes, en el peso de la cáscara sérica y crisálidas, en comparación con el tratamiento de control, pero cuando se compara el Control y T4 del ensayo de la primavera, respectivamente, para los niveles de seda cruda y líquida, hay resultados significativos. Por lo tanto, se encontró que el extracto glicólico de propóleos, en dosis de 40 mL, puede perjudicar la concentración líquida de seda en una producción de capullos, trayendo resultados poco apreciados dentro de la sericultura...
Assuntos
Animais , Bombyx/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bombyx/metabolismo , Propilenoglicol/administração & dosagem , Propilenoglicol/análise , Propilenoglicol/efeitos adversos , Própole/administração & dosagem , Própole/análogos & derivados , Própole/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Declining immune function poses an important clinical challenge worldwide and supplementation with natural products that possessing immune enhancing properties is a promising approach for preventing or delaying immune function decline. Cocoons from yellow silkworms are a significant source of lutein, and this unexplored silk extract could be a viable alternative source for dietary lutein. This study assessed immunomodulatory activities of the silk lutein extract. Female BALB/c mice orally received lutein, either as silk or marigold extracts (10 or 20 mg/kg daily), or vehicle only (1% tween 80 in PBS pH 7.4) for 4 weeks. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, specific antibody production, lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production were examined. RESULTS: Silk lutein extract increased NK cell activity, and the effect was dose-related whereas marigold lutein extract was ineffective. Silk lutein extract dose-dependently enhanced antibody production in pre-immunized mice but marigold lutein extract had no effect. Feeding with silk lutein extract increased the populations of CD3+ and CD4 + CD3 + cells. Silk lutein extract also stimulated concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferations of T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Moreover, silk lutein extract increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production while the effect of marigold lutein extract was undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: Together, silk lutein extract enhanced both innate and adaptive immune functions. This preparation may prove to be an effective supplement for strengthened immunity.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Bombyx/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/imunologia , Luteína/imunologia , Seda/imunologia , Exoesqueleto/química , Fatores Imunológicos/análise , Pupa/imunologia , Pupa/metabolismo , Bombyx/metabolismo , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologia , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Heterófilos/sangue , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-4/análise , Interferon gama/análise , Interleucina-2/análise , Interleucina-10/análise , Tagetes/imunologia , Flores/imunologia , Seda/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Este experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Sericicultura, no Campus Sede da Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) de Umuarama, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2011, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da própolis em diferentes dosagens na alimentação durante o desenvolvimento biológico do bicho-da-seda (Bombxy mori L.). O método empregado na parte experimental foi a pulverização do extrato glicólico de própolis, diluído em 500mL de água destilada nas folhas de amoreira, nas seguintes dosagens, água-controle, 25mL, 30mL, 35mL e 40mL compondo os tratamentos: controle, T1 , T2 , T3 e T4 respectivamente. As folhas de amoreira foram fornecidas cinco vezes ao dia, durante o manejo alimentar. Verificou-se, pelos resultados obtidos, que as diferentes dosagens de própolis utilizadas não interferiram no ganho de peso das lagartas, no peso dos casulos verdes, no peso da casca sérica e crisálidas, quando comparado ao tratamento controle, mas quando se compara o Controle e T4 do ensaio da primavera, respectivamente, para os teores de seda bruto e líquido, há resultados significativos. Portanto, verificou-se que o extrato glicólico de própolis, em dosagens de 40mL, pode prejudicar o teor líquido de seda em uma produção de casulos, trazendo resultados pouco apreciados dentro da sericicultura.(AU)
This experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Sericulture, at the main campus of University Paranaense (UNIPAR), in the city of Umuarama, from February to October 2011, in order to verify the effect of different doses of propolis in feeding during the biological development of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The method used in the experiment was the spraying of propolis glycolic extract dissolved in 500-mL distilled water on the mulberry leaves in the following water- -control dosages: 25mL, 30mL, 35mL and 40mL related to the treatment controls T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Mulberry leaves were provided five times a day for feeding management. The results obtained showed that the different dosages of propolis used did not affect the weight gain of the larvae, the weight of green cocoons, shells and pupae when compared to the control treatment. However, when comparing the control and T4 from the Spring assay, respectively, to the levels of crude and net silk, significant results were noted. Thus, it can be concluded that propolis glycolic extract in 40-ml dosages may impair the net silk content in a cocoon production, presenting negative results in sericulture.(AU)
: Este experimento se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Sericultura, Campus Sede de la Universidad Paranaense (UNIPAR) de Umuarama, en el período de febrero a octubre de 2011, con el fin de verificar el efecto de propóleos en diferentes concentraciones en la alimentación durante el desarrollo biológico del gusano de seda (Bombyx mori L.). El método utilizado en el experimento fue la pulverización de extracto glicólico de propóleos, disuelto en 500 ml de agua destilada en las hojas de morera, en las siguientes dosis, agua control, 25 mL, 30mL, 35 mL, y 40 mL componiendo los tratamientos: control T1 , T2 , T3 e T4 respectivamente. A las hojas de morera se les han dado cinco veces al día, durante el manejo alimentar. Se verificó, por los resultados obtenidos, que las diferentes dosis de propóleos utilizados no afectaron en la ganancia de peso de los gusanos, en el peso de los capullos verdes, en el peso de la cáscara sérica y crisálidas, en comparación con el tratamiento de control, pero cuando se compara el Control y T4 del ensayo de la primavera, respectivamente, para los niveles de seda cruda y líquida, hay resultados significativos. Por lo tanto, se encontró que el extracto glicólico de propóleos, en dosis de 40 mL, puede perjudicar la concentración líquida de seda en una producción de capullos, trayendo resultados poco apreciados dentro de la sericultura.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bombyx/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bombyx/metabolismo , Própole/análogos & derivados , Própole/administração & dosagem , Própole/metabolismo , Propilenoglicol/administração & dosagem , Propilenoglicol/efeitos adversos , Propilenoglicol/análiseRESUMO
In the silkworm (Bombyx mori), resistance to the Zhenjiang (China) strain of the densonucleosis virus (DNV-Z) is controlled by the recessive gene nsd-Z (non-susceptible to DNV-Z), which is linked to 7 simple-sequence repeat markers. Marker-assisted evaluation and selection of DNV-Z-resistant silkworms were used for predicting DNV-resistance in backcrossed animals. A silkworm race was bred using this method, and its economic characteristics were found to be similar to those of commercial silkworm races. These markers will therefore be useful for silkworm breeding programs and in screening for densonucleosis resistance in segregating populations.
Assuntos
Bombyx/genética , Densovirus/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença , Seda/metabolismo , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Bombyx/metabolismo , Bombyx/virologia , Cruzamento , Primers do DNA/genética , Feminino , Loci Gênicos , Marcadores Genéticos , Homozigoto , MasculinoRESUMO
Carotenoids are efficient antioxidants that are of great importance for human health. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotinoids present in high concentrations in the human retina which are involved in the photoprotection of the human eye. Lutein may also protect the skin from ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage. The present study investigated the protective effect of lutein extracted from yellow silk cocoons of Bombyx mori on human keratinocytes against UVB irradiation. A human keratinocyte cell line and primary human keratinocytes were used to investigate the UVB protection effects of silk lutein and plant lutein. Silk lutein showed no cytotoxicity to keratinocytes. Treatment with silk lutein prior to UVB irradiation enhanced cell viability and cell proliferation, and reduced cell apoptosis. The protective effects of silk lutein may be superior to those of plant lutein. Silk lutein may have a benefit for protection of keratinocytes against UVB-irradiation.
Assuntos
Queratinócitos/efeitos da radiação , Luteína/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Seda/química , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Bombyx/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Prepúcio do Pênis/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Cultura Primária de Células , Protetores contra Radiação/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Carotenoids are efficient antioxidants that are of great importance for human health. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotinoids present in high concentrations in the human retina which are involved in the photoprotection of the human eye. Lutein may also protect the skin from ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage. The present study investigated the protective effect of lutein extracted from yellow silk cocoons of Bombyx mori on human keratinocytes against UVB irradiation. A human keratinocyte cell line and primary human keratinocytes were used to investigate the UVB protection effects of silk lutein and plant lutein. Silk lutein showed no cytotoxicity to keratinocytes. Treatment with silk lutein prior to UVB irradiation enhanced cell viability and cell proliferation, and reduced cell apoptosis. The protective effects of silk lutein may be superior to those of plant lutein. Silk lutein may have a benefit for protection of keratinocytes against UVB-irradiation.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Queratinócitos/efeitos da radiação , Luteína/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Seda/química , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Bombyx/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Prepúcio do Pênis/efeitos da radiação , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , Cultura Primária de Células , Protetores contra Radiação/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Multiple sequence alignments of the Bombyx mori fibroin light chain gene (fib-L) from hybrids and from Chinese and Japanese strains demonstrated that 51.6% of the fib-L third intron is conserved. One of these conserved segments, 41 bp long, contains the sequence CGTTATTATACATATT, which is duplicated in the B. mori Nd-s(D) mutant. In the present work, electrophoretic mobility assays and computational analyses revealed a major peak of intrinsic bent DNA within the segment that undergoes breakage in the previously-described Nd-s(D) mutation. This result suggested that this intrinsically-curved region might mediate DNA cleavage and enhance recombination events in the third intron of the Bombyx mori fib-L gene.