RESUMO
This study reports the presence of high parasitic load by Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851 in the swimming crab Callinectes bocourti A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 from Amazon mangrove. We sampled the swimming crabs using a baited trap, between January and June 2023, in Santa Maria River, located in the municipality of Curuçá, state of Pará, Brazil (geographical coordinates 0°40'3.705"S, 047°54'43.405"W). After sampling, each swimming crab was individually placed in plastic containers for the count of leeches per individual. In the laboratory, the specimens were sexed, measured (parasite and host) and fixed in 70% alcohol. For the leech species identification, macroscopic techniques were combined with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We examined 86 specimens of C. bocourti (75 males and 11 females) in a ratio of 1 M:0.14 F, all infested with leeches. In total, 186 leech specimens were collected, ranging from 1 to 21 leeches per host. Leeches oviposited the cocoons in greater quantities in ventral area of swimming crab carapace (32%), followed by dorsal area of carapace (29.09%), chelipeds (24.34%) and ambulatory legs (14.57%). The presence of M. lugubris is a risk to the health of the host, once it may transmit a range of diseases to aquatic organisms, and subsequently risk to human health.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Sanguessugas , Animais , Brasil , Sanguessugas/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Espécies Introduzidas , Interações Hospedeiro-ParasitaRESUMO
Carcinus spp. are global aquatic invaders and carriers of several parasites, including a taxonomically unrecognised microsporidian recently observed from Argentina. We provide genome drafts for two parasite isolates, one from Carcinus maenas and one from Carcinus aestuarii, and use multi-gene phylogenetics and genome comparison methods to outline their similarities. Their SSU genes are 100 % similar and other genes have an average similarity of 99.31 %. We informally name the parasite Agmasoma carcini, terming the isolates Ac. var. aestuarii and Ac. var. maenas, following the wealth of genomic data available for each. This study follows on from Frizzera et al. (2021), where this parasite was first histologically identified.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Microsporídios , Parasitos , Animais , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Microsporídios/genética , Argentina , GenômicaRESUMO
Nemertean worms belonging to the genus Carcinonemertes have been tied to the collapse of crab fisheries in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. A new species is described from egg masses of two commercial crabs, Cancer porteri and Romaleon setosum, inhabiting the central-north Chilean coast. This is the first species of Carcinonemertes described from the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Total body length of Carcinonemertes camanchaco sp. nov. ranged from 2.38 to 4.93 and from 4.29 to 8.92 mm, in males and females, respectively. Among others, traits that distinguish this new species from other previously described congeneric species include: presence of two gonad rows on each side of the intestine, a simple (not decorated) mucus sheath, and a relatively wide stylet basis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses distinguished this new species from all other species of Carcinonemertes with available cox1 sequences in GenBank. Prevalence and mean (± SD) intensity of C. camanchaco sp. nov. was 24% and 2.6 (± 2.07) worms per egg mass in C. porteri and 38.1% and 3.8 (± 2.4) worms per egg mass in R. setosum. The formal description of this new species represents the first step towards the understanding of this worm's impact on the health of crab fisheries in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.
Assuntos
Acantocéfalos/anatomia & histologia , Acantocéfalos/classificação , Braquiúros/parasitologia , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Acantocéfalos/genética , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Tamanho Corporal , Chile , Feminino , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Oceano Pacífico , FilogeniaRESUMO
Biological invasions have the capacity to introduce non-native parasites. This study aimed to determine whether the invasive green crab population, Carcinus spp., on the Southwestern Atlantic coast of Argentina harbours any symbionts, and whether these may spillover or spillback between native crabs, Cyrtograpsus altimanus and C. angulatus. Macroscopy, histology, and molecular analyses of some parasites were used to describe and compare their diversity across the three species of crab. We also evaluated the susceptibility of invasive Carcinus spp. to a native digenean, Maritrema madrynense, via experimental infections (exposure and cohabitation). Our results revealed that the green crab pathobiome included similar symbiotic groups to native crabs. This included putative viral, bacterial, and protozoan parasites. Haplosporidium-like observations were recorded in all crab species, and a single green crab was found to be parasitized by an Agmasoma-like microsporidium. Metagenomic analysis of one individual revealed additional symbiotic diversity (46 bacteria, 5 eukaryotic species). The green crabs were infected by more microparasite taxa than the native crabs (5:3). Wild populations of Carcinus spp. were free of metazoan parasites and are shown not to be susceptible to M. madryense under experimental conditions. Our results suggest a reduction/escape of macroparasites (trematode Maritrema madrynense; acanthocephalan Profilicollis chasmagnathi) in invasive Carcinus spp. compared to their native competitors.
Assuntos
Braquiúros/fisiologia , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Simbiose , Trematódeos/fisiologia , Animais , Argentina , Espécies IntroduzidasRESUMO
Polymorphid acanthocephalans are parasites of marine mammals, waterfowl and ichthyophagous birds. Among these, the genus Profilicollis is known to use exclusively decapods as intermediate hosts. Here, we report the first record of living cystacanths of Profilicollis parasitizing the body cavity of a fish host, Oligosarcus jenynsii, inhabiting the freshwater section of an estuarial system, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, in south-east Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. In this environment, cystacanths of Profilicollis chasmagnathi have been previously recorded infecting decapod crabs and as transient accidental infections in the gut of some carcinophagous fishes. In the present study, larvae from the crab Neohelice granulata, from the intestine of the estuarine fish Odontesthes argentinensis and from the body cavity of O. jenynsii were morphologically and genetically compared, confirming their identity as P. chasmagnathi, a species characteristic of estuaries and marine coasts along Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. These findings can be interpreted as a possible case of incipient paratenicity for Profilicollis, and a colonization event of freshwater habitats, probably promoted by the highly variable conditions, typical of ecotonal environments. In addition, cystacanths of the genus Polymorphus were also found in O. jenynsii, representing the first record of this genus in Oligosarcus from Argentina.
Assuntos
Acantocéfalos/classificação , Acantocéfalos/isolamento & purificação , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Peixes/parasitologia , Larva/genética , Animais , Argentina , Aves/parasitologia , Chile , Ecossistema , Estuários , Água Doce , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Filogenia , UruguaiRESUMO
This study verifies the identity of adult specimens of the parasite Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) recovered from kelp gulls Larus dominicanus (Aves, Laridae), and cystacanths found in crabs Cyrtograpsus altimanus (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the southwestern Atlantic coast. The life cycle of this parasite is elucidated in the intertidal zone of Patagonia, Argentina, based on morphological and molecular data. Preferences by size and sex of the intermediate host and seasonal variation of this parasite are provided, contributing to the knowledge of this host-parasite association.
Assuntos
Acantocéfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Charadriiformes/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Acantocéfalos/classificação , Acantocéfalos/genética , Acantocéfalos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Oceano Atlântico , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Ecossistema , Feminino , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/genética , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Filogenia , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Paragonimiasis is a subacute to chronic inflammatory granulomatous lung disease caused by the genus Paragonimus. In Latin America Paragonimus mexicanus Miyazaki & Ishii, 1968 is the only confirmed species to cause human infections. Paragonimus caliensis Little, 1968 is an uncommon species often regarded as a synonym of P. mexicanus. Recently, the study of two types of Paragonimus metacercariae from Costa Rica has provided new molecular and morphological evidence that P. caliensis is a separate species from P. mexicanus. In the present study, molecular, morphological and phylogenetic tools have been used to characterize two populations of Paragonimus located at west of Medellin, Antioquia and at Pichinde, Valle del Cauca (type locality of P. caliensis), Colombia. Adults and metacercariae obtained from Medellin, and metacercariae from Pichinde were analyzed. For morphological observations we used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphology of metacercariae and adults matched with the holotype of P. caliensis. The number and arrangement of sensory papillae in the acetabulum region differs from the morphotypes reported for P. caliensis in Costa Rica. Two morphotypes in branching patterns of ovary and two morphotypes in branching patterns of testes were identified. The main morphological differences between P. caliensis and P. mexicanus corresponded to the size of gonads and their relative positions in the body, and the occasional presence of a cyst wall in P. caliensis metacercariae. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses (using nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 CO1 sequences) confirmed that P. caliensis from the type locality is the same species from Medellin and Costa Rica. Furthermore, these analyses also suggest genetic as well as geographical separation of P. caliensis populations between Colombia and Costa Rica. Currently, P. mexicanus and P. caliensis are sympatric in the Colombian Pacific bioregion, and specific diagnosis based on their egg size is not possible. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the biogeographic distribution ranges of both species and to implement molecular techniques to establish the role of P. caliensis in human paragonimiasis in Colombia.
Assuntos
Braquiúros/parasitologia , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Metacercárias/genética , Paragonimíase/parasitologia , Paragonimus/fisiologia , Animais , Colômbia , DNA de Helmintos/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Paragonimíase/patologia , Paragonimus/anatomia & histologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The cystacanths of Neoandracantha peruensis n. gen. n. sp. are described from the ghost crab Ocypode gaudichaudii collected from the Pacific coast of Peru. While it is uncommon to describe acanthocephalan taxa from immature stages, the presence of clear-cut distinguishing features separating the present material from its nearest congeneric taxa, and the absence of adults, justifies the erection N. peruensis. The new genus is distinguished by having three separate fields of trunk spines. Specimens of N. peruensis have a slender trunk with two anterior swellings, 3 separate fields of spines on the foretrunk swelling, and no genital spines on the hindtrunk. The proboscis of the new species is heavily armored with 21-22 longitudinal rows of 22 hooks each. Hook no. 14 is more robust ventrally than dorsally. Cystacanths of N. peruensis also have a long tubular hindtrunk and the males have diagonal testes in the midtrunk swelling. Specimens of the closely related Andracantha Schmidt, 1975 have anteriorly enlarged pear-shaped Corynosoma-like trunks, only two fields of anterior trunk spines with occasional genital spines, and bilateral or tandem testes. Proboscides of species of Andracantha have considerably fewer hooks that gradually decrease in size posteriorly. The taxonomic component of this work is amplified by metal analysis of hooks and spines that shows a marked amount of magnesium (Mg) in hooks but not in spines. The highest level of sulfur (S) was found in the outer layer of hooks and anterior spines. The metal footprint of hooks and spines varies in different species of acanthocephalans and has an interspecific diagnostic value.
Assuntos
Acantocéfalos/classificação , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Acantocéfalos/química , Acantocéfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Acantocéfalos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Cálcio/análise , Microanálise por Sonda Eletrônica , Feminino , Magnésio/análise , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Oceano Pacífico , Peru , Fósforo/análise , Espectrometria por Raios X , Enxofre/análiseRESUMO
The Neotropical region has a large diversity of crabs. However, the diversity of the parasites infesting these crustaceans is still poorly known. In this study, we recorded three new occurrences of the isopod bopyrid Leidya distorta on Ucides cordatus from Southern Brazil and North-Eastern Venezuela. Crabs were collected in mangroves of Venezuela (Cumaná) and Brazil (Cananéia and São Vicente). A total of 281 crabs were captured in these localities and dissected in the laboratory to verify parasitism by L. distorta. Three of these crabs were infested with L. distorta. Parasitic prevalences in the crabs were generally very low (1.1%), and differed according to localities: Cananéia (2.6%) and São Vicente (2.2%) were slightly higher than in Cumaná (0.5%). Here, we present new records of L. distorta infesting the mangrove crab U. cordatus from South America and reviewed the brachyuran that serve as host to L. distorta.
A região Neotropical tem uma grande diversidade de caranguejos. No entanto, a diversidade de parasitos infestando esses crustáceos ainda é pobremente conhecida. No presente estudo, foram registrados três novas ocorrências de Leidya distorta em Ucides cordatus no Sudeste do Brasil e no Nordeste da Venezuela. Os caranguejos foram coletados em manguezais da Venezuela (Cumaná) e do Brasil (Cananéia e São Vicente). Um total de 281 caranguejos foram capturados nessas localidades e dissecados no laboratório para verificar a presença de L. distorta. Apenas três caranguejos foram infestados com o bopirídeo Leidya distorta. A prevalência nos caranguejos foram muito baixa (1.1%), e diferiram de acordo com as localidades: levemente alta em Cananéia (2.6%) e São Vicente (2.2%), comparada com Cumaná (0.5%). Este estudo apresenta novas ocorrências de Leidya distorta infestando o caranguejo-uçá Ucides cordatus na América do Sul, bem como uma revisão dos braquiúros que servem de hospedeiro para Leidya distorta.
Assuntos
Animais , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Isópodes/parasitologia , Áreas AlagadasRESUMO
The Neotropical region has a large diversity of crabs. However, the diversity of the parasites infesting these crustaceans is still poorly known. In this study, we recorded three new occurrences of the isopod bopyrid Leidya distorta on Ucides cordatus from Southern Brazil and North-Eastern Venezuela. Crabs were collected in mangroves of Venezuela (Cumaná) and Brazil (Cananéia and São Vicente). A total of 281 crabs were captured in these localities and dissected in the laboratory to verify parasitism by L. distorta. Three of these crabs were infested with L. distorta. Parasitic prevalences in the crabs were generally very low (1.1%), and differed according to localities: Cananéia (2.6%) and São Vicente (2.2%) were slightly higher than in Cumaná (0.5%). Here, we present new records of L. distorta infesting the mangrove crab U. cordatus from South America and reviewed the brachyuran that serve as host to L. distorta.(AU)
A região Neotropical tem uma grande diversidade de caranguejos. No entanto, a diversidade de parasitos infestando esses crustáceos ainda é pobremente conhecida. No presente estudo, foram registrados três novas ocorrências de Leidya distorta em Ucides cordatus no Sudeste do Brasil e no Nordeste da Venezuela. Os caranguejos foram coletados em manguezais da Venezuela (Cumaná) e do Brasil (Cananéia e São Vicente). Um total de 281 caranguejos foram capturados nessas localidades e dissecados no laboratório para verificar a presença de L. distorta. Apenas três caranguejos foram infestados com o bopirídeo Leidya distorta. A prevalência nos caranguejos foram muito baixa (1.1%), e diferiram de acordo com as localidades: levemente alta em Cananéia (2.6%) e São Vicente (2.2%), comparada com Cumaná (0.5%). Este estudo apresenta novas ocorrências de Leidya distorta infestando o caranguejo-uçá Ucides cordatus na América do Sul, bem como uma revisão dos braquiúros que servem de hospedeiro para Leidya distorta.(AU)