RESUMO
Recent research has shown that disordered eating behaviors are as prevalent in heterogenous samples of Latinas living in the U.S. as in non-Hispanic white women, yet less is known about the prevalence in women of Mexican origin. The primary purpose of this study is to report the prevalence and associations among DE behaviors and health risk of alcohol, tobacco use and obesity in a sample of N = 472 young adult college enrolled Mexican American (MA) women living in the United States. This report focuses on baseline data from a 12-month repeated measures longitudinal study. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to capture the prevalence of disordered eating and health risk behaviors in the context of everyday activities. Disordered eating behaviors including purging, binge eating, fasting and exercise were reported by approximately 15% of the sample. Food/calorie restricting, was the most prevalent behavior reported by 48% of the sample and along with binge eating was a positive predictor of BMI. Fasting was the only disordered eating behavior associated with tobacco use. These findings suggest that subclinical levels of DE behaviors are prevalent in a community sample of women of Mexican origin and are associated with health risks of tobacco use and higher BMI. Early identification of DE behaviors and community-based interventions targeting MA women may help reduce disparities associated with overweight and obesity in this population.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etnologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Assunção de Riscos , Adolescente , Bulimia/etnologia , Ingestão de Energia/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade/etnologia , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Prevalência , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) in clinical and control populations in Mexico City. METHOD: 276 female patients with eating disorders [52 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 102 with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 122 with eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)] and a comparison group of 280 normal control female subjects completed the EAT. RESULTS: The EAT had an adequate level of internal consistency in the clinical sample (Cronbach's alpha=0.90). Total score was significantly correlated with criterion group membership (r=0.77, p< or =0.0001), suggesting a high level of concurrent validity. There was a small overlap in the frequency distribution of the 2 groups (eating disorders and control) and only 6% of the normal controls scored as high as lowest anorexic and bulimic patients. The factorial analysis yielded five factors accounting for 46.6% of total variance: 1) Dietary restraint, 2) Bulimia, 3) Drive of thinness, 4) Food preoccupation and 5) Perceived social pressure. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the Mexican version of the EAT is an economical, reliable and potentially useful instrument for research in this field.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Testes Psicológicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anorexia/diagnóstico , Anorexia/etnologia , Anorexia/psicologia , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/etnologia , Bulimia/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Análise Discriminante , Análise Fatorial , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , México , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
We investigated eating attitudes and the prevalence of bulimic disorders in a group of 362 schoolgirls from the islands of Trinidad and Barbados using key questions from the Bulimia Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and additional questions for the exploration of eating attitudes and dieting practices. A random sample of 92 girls were interviewed using the DSM-III-R Bulimia Diagnostic Interview. Only three subjects (0.8%) scored over the cut-off point on the BITE. None of the interviewees was diagnosed as having bulimia nervosa. Two hundred and forty-five girls (67.7%) reported being terrified of becoming fat and fat-fear was associated with higher Body Mass Index, dieting and exercising for losing weight. Girls of African origin were found to have a more unusual eating pattern and more concerns about their eating habits. The prevalence of bulimic disorders in Caribbean schoolgirls is still very low, but they are a population at increasing risk since they share the western ideals of slimness and engage in dieting behaviours.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , Barbados/epidemiologia , Imagem Corporal , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/epidemiologia , Bulimia/etnologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Distribuição Aleatória , Estudos de Amostragem , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We compared sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric status in obese Brazilian patients who did (n=32) and did not (n=33) meet DSM-IV criteria for binge-eating disorder (BED). The sample's mean age was 35.0 years (+/-10.5), with 92.3% of individuals being female and 41.5% having some higher education. Obese binge eaters (OBE) were significantly more likely than obese non-binge eaters to meet criteria for a current diagnosis of any axis I disorder, any mood disorder and any anxiety disorder. Specifically, OBE patients were characterized by significantly higher rates of current and lifetime histories of major depressive disorder. Similar to patients from developed countries, Brazilian patients with BED display increased rates of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly mood and anxiety disorders.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Bulimia/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/etnologia , Comorbidade , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/etnologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Humor/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Mexican and U.S. patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia (complete and partial syndromes) were compared on severity and types of preoccupations and rituals related to eating disorders and the motivation to change. METHOD: One hundred seventy-four patients who met DSM-IV criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or ED-NOS participated. Eighty-seven subjects entered treatment at the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente" in Mexico City and were matched with 87 patients treated at the New York Presbyterian Hospital. Patients were interviewed with the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale (YBC-EDS) (English or Spanish version). RESULTS: All YBC-EDS scores were higher for the Mexican group, which also had a greater number of current preoccupations and rituals. U.S. and Mexican patients were quite similar in their endorsement of current preoccupations, but the Mexican group was more likely to have rituals in all checklist categories, and the rituals were more egosyntonic. More U.S. patients had received previous treatment for their eating disorder. A negative correlation was obtained between the amount of previous treatment and motivation to change the preoccupations and rituals (higher scores indicating lower motivation). DISCUSSION: Cultural factors may influence characteristics of eating disorders. The previous treatment experiences of the U.S. patients seemed to positively influence their motivation for further treatment.
Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/etnologia , Bulimia/etnologia , Cognição , Comportamento Alimentar , Adulto , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Cultura , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Motivação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The relationship between ethnocultural identity, eating practices, and cultural expectations is complex. When there are conflicting cultural demands, eating disturbances can occur. These disturbances affect many aspects of a woman's life, including her quality of life, health, relationships, and academic/career success. Contextual variables that may influence eating disorders in women of color include (a) level of acculturation, (b) socioeconomic status (SES), (c) peer socialization, (d) family structure, and (e) immigration status. This study examined these variables in a college sample of 115 Mexican American women. Each completed a demographic questionnaire and standardized instruments to measure acculturation, eating disorder symptoms, and family issues. Multiple regression analysis indicated that family rigidity contributes to an increased susceptibility for bulimic symptoms (p < .0001). Poor peer socialization and family rigidity were related to the preoccupation with body size and slimness, thus placing young Mexican American women at greater risk for developing self-destructive eating patterns such as severe weight control and dieting behaviors (p < .0001). Implications for health, quality of life, and appropriate therapeutic care are discussed.
Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/etnologia , Bulimia/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Mulheres/psicologia , Aculturação , Adolescente , Adulto , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Anorexia Nervosa/etiologia , Anorexia Nervosa/terapia , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Imagem Corporal , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/etiologia , Bulimia/terapia , California , Escolaridade , Emigração e Imigração , Família/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Grupo Associado , Socialização , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
African-Caribbean (N=136) and White British (N=192) female family planning clinic attenders were administered the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). A proportion of the participants were subsequently interviewed. The African-Caribbeans were found to have both significantly more disordered eating attitudes and a significantly higher level of abnormal eating behaviour than the White British. Although the African-Caribbean group had a significantly higher mean Body Mass Index this did not mediate the difference in levels of eating attitudes. When compared with the White British group more African-Caribbean women reported feelings of failure, guilt, abnormality and self consciousness concerning their eating habits. The results indicate that eating problems may be highly prevalent in this ethnic minority population and suggest that there may be differences in the nature of eating disorder psychopathology between ethnic groups. (AU)