RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis and tooth wear are multifactorial diseases with distinct etiopathogenesis that affect the health, feed efficiency and welfare of sheep. METHODS: This study evaluated the co-occurrence of tooth wear and periodontal lesions in 129 ewes from two Brazilian flocks, clinically classified the lesions and presence of dental calculus, and identified potential pathogens in the dental biofilm of 63 ewes by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of the 129 ewes included in the study, 75 presented periodontal lesions, while all animals presented tooth wear and dental calculus. Of the animals with periodontal lesions, 16.2% had lesions in incisor teeth and 52.7% in masticatory teeth. Regarding excessive tooth wear, 38.6% had severe wear on the incisor teeth and 89.1% on the masticatory teeth. Ewes older than 36 months had a higher frequency of periodontal lesions in incisor teeth (p < 0.001) and a greater amount of dental calculus (p < 0.001), but there was no association between tooth wear and animal age. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium necrophorum predominated in periodontal lesions. LIMITATION: This study is limited by the small sample size and lack of diagnostic imaging to assess periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: The co-occurrence of periodontal lesions and excessive dental wear involving both the incisor and masticatory teeth suggests that although the two diseases have different aetiologies, they likely have common risk factors.
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais , Doenças dos Ovinos , Desgaste dos Dentes , Animais , Feminino , Ovinos , Incisivo/patologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cálculos Dentários/epidemiologia , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Desgaste dos Dentes/epidemiologia , Desgaste dos Dentes/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Histopathological changes in tooth structures in dogs with calculus have not been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of various histopathological changes in the dentine of teeth that had been surgically extracted from dogs with calculus. Data including breed, sex, age, reason for tooth extraction and dental history were obtained for each animal. A total of 158 teeth (45 incisors, 31 canines, 35 premolars and 47 molars) with calculus were extracted from 74 dogs of various ages and breeds. The teeth were decalcified, processed in paraffin wax and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathological analysis. Of the 158 analysed teeth, 71 had dentinal changes, including 45 with external resorption cavities, 11 with osteodentine, six with internal resorption cavities, four with tertiary dentine, four with dentinal degeneration or fragmentation, and one with predentine degeneration or fragmentation. Canine teeth were the least commonly affected. Areas of dentinal degeneration or fragmentation unrelated to resorption cavities were only seen in the incisor and molar teeth. Dentinal changes and their frequencies were similar among the incisor, premolar and molar teeth. The presence or extension of dental calculus was not associated with the type or frequency of dentinal changes.
Assuntos
Cálculos Dentários , Dentina/patologia , Doenças do Cão , Dente , Animais , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Cães , Dente/patologiaRESUMO
Afecções da cavidade oral como o cálculo dentário (CD) e a doença periodontal (DP) são frequentes na clínica de cães e têm grande impacto na saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos. No entanto, a adoção de medidas preventivas ainda é difícil, uma vez que a frequência das doenças da cavidade oral em cães ainda é pouco compreendida no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar características demográficas e nosológicas, como os hábitos alimentares e de manejo de escovação, dos distúrbios da cavidade oral de 198 cães atendidos no período compreendido entre 2013 e 2019, em um serviço de odontologia veterinária, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A maioria dos cães atendidos não tinha raça definida. Entre os de raça pura, Yorkshire Terrie foi a mais prevalente, não havendo distinção significativa entre o gênero, em todos os casos. Quanto à idade, observou-se uma predominância de animais de meia idade a idosos, com faixa etária acima dos sete anos. Dentre as afecções mais prevalentes, o destaque se deve ao cálculo dentário e à doença periodontal, seguidos por gengivite e halitose. Quanto aos hábitos dos tutores, notou-se baixa adesão à realização de escovação rotineira, e um alto percentual no fornecimento de petiscos. Avaliando-se os resultados e relacionando-os aos hábitos alimentares dos pacientes, surge a hipótese de que a alimentação à base de ração comercial, de alguma forma possa contribuir para evolução do cálculo dentário, necessitando estudos com maior amostragem para elucidação.
Diseases of the oral cavity, such as Dental Calculus (DC) and Periodontal Disease (PD), are frequent in the dog clinic and have a great impact on the health and quality of life of affected patients. However, the adoption of preventive measures is still difficult, since the epidemiology of diseases of the oral cavity is still poorly understood in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and nosological aspects such as feeding and brushing habits of disorders of the oral cavity of 198 dogs treated in the period between 2013 and 2019, in a veterinary dentistry service, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The most prevalent breeds were mixed breed dogs, followed by Yorkshire Terries, with no significant distinction between the gender. As for age, there was a predominance of animals from middle age to the elderly, with ages above seven years old. Among the most prevalent conditions, the highlight is due to dental calculus and periodontal disease followed by gingivitis and halitosis. Regarding the tutors' habits, there was a low level of routine brushing, and a high percentage in the supply of snacks. Evaluating the results and relating them to the eating habits of the patients, the hypothesis that comercial dog food feeding may somehow contribute to dental calculus evolution, urging studies with bigger samples for a deeper investigation.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Escovação Dentária/veterinária , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Odontologia/veterinária , Cães/fisiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Dental calculus (DC) is the most widespread oral problem in domestic dogs. Chewing items are used to remove DC from the tooth surface; they also favor oral health and animal welfare. Raw beef bone mastication also shortly reduces DC in adult dogs. However, it can cause oral lesions and hence is not popular. This study evaluated the impact of bone mastication on the dental roots, enamel, and gingiva of dogs. Twelve adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups in a completely randomized block design: cortical bone (CB) or spongy bone (SB). Intraoral radiographs were obtained on days 0 and 14, and calculus assessment was performed using images captured on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14; an integration program was used to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total area of teeth. DC was completely removed from the first and second premolars and molars from both the arcades in less than 3 days of supplementation, indicating that these teeth were frequently used for chewing (P < 0.10). Bones were highly effective for DC removal and gingival inflammation reduction. Despite the hardness of bones, no lesions or teeth root and enamel fracture, or esophageal or intestinal obstructions-complications related to bone ingestion-were noted. However, SB showed some gingival lesions (n = 4) and bone remnants between teeth (n = 2). Gingival lesions were caused by the daily and continuous supply of new pieces of bone for 13 days. Specific pieces of bone should be used for oral home care programs because they shortly remove almost 90% of DC, allowing longer intervals between periodontal cleaning procedures. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the use of bones and evaluate their impact on teeth and periodontium after prolonged supplementation.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Mastigação , Traumatismos Dentários/etiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Cálculos Dentários/terapia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Radiografia , Traumatismos Dentários/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Dentários/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Background: Periodontal disease affects a large proportion of dogs, causing both local and systemic symptoms. Severalstudies to identify alternative approaches for plaque reduction and removal have been conducted. Recently, Tropiclean FreshBreath Clean Teeth Gel was introduced as an adjuvant to aid in plaque and calculus removal. This product is formulatedusing Aloe vera, green tea, and mint; however, studies on the toxic potential of this product have not been performed yet.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Tropiclean Fresh Breath Clean Teeth Gel product on hematologicaland biochemical profiles in dogs undergoing 90-day treatment with the product.Materials, Methods & Results: Per manufacturers recommendation, the product should be used daily for 30 consecutivedays, and subsequently, as maintenance at two to three times a week. In this study, 48 dogs with periodontal disease whoreceived prolonged daily treatment for 90 consecutive days underwent hematological and biochemical evaluation. Duringthe 90 days treatment duration, the animals were examined daily to identify the presence of adverse effects; and changesin halitosis were reported. At pre-treatment time-point, 5 mL of blood was collected via cephalic or jugular vein puncturein EDTA tubes for determining the complete blood count (CBC), and in tubes without EDTA for the urea, creatinine,and ALT levels; in addition, for comparison, blood was collected after 90 days treatment. At post-treatment time-point,the hematological and biochemical analyses showed significantly lower total leukocyte count as compared to that at pretreatment (P < 0.01); comprising lower neutrophil count as the cell type involved (P < 0.05). The other parameters showedno statistically significant differences, demonstrating an absence of the products effect in terms of alteration of theseprofiles...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Placa Dentária/terapia , Placa Dentária/veterinária , Cálculos Dentários/terapia , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Géis/uso terapêutico , Toxicidade/análise , Halitose/veterinária , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Periodontal disease affects a large proportion of dogs, causing both local and systemic symptoms. Severalstudies to identify alternative approaches for plaque reduction and removal have been conducted. Recently, Tropiclean FreshBreath Clean Teeth Gel was introduced as an adjuvant to aid in plaque and calculus removal. This product is formulatedusing Aloe vera, green tea, and mint; however, studies on the toxic potential of this product have not been performed yet.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Tropiclean Fresh Breath Clean Teeth Gel product on hematologicaland biochemical profiles in dogs undergoing 90-day treatment with the product.Materials, Methods & Results: Per manufacturers recommendation, the product should be used daily for 30 consecutivedays, and subsequently, as maintenance at two to three times a week. In this study, 48 dogs with periodontal disease whoreceived prolonged daily treatment for 90 consecutive days underwent hematological and biochemical evaluation. Duringthe 90 days treatment duration, the animals were examined daily to identify the presence of adverse effects; and changesin halitosis were reported. At pre-treatment time-point, 5 mL of blood was collected via cephalic or jugular vein puncturein EDTA tubes for determining the complete blood count (CBC), and in tubes without EDTA for the urea, creatinine,and ALT levels; in addition, for comparison, blood was collected after 90 days treatment. At post-treatment time-point,the hematological and biochemical analyses showed significantly lower total leukocyte count as compared to that at pretreatment (P < 0.01); comprising lower neutrophil count as the cell type involved (P < 0.05). The other parameters showedno statistically significant differences, demonstrating an absence of the products effect in terms of alteration of theseprofiles...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cálculos Dentários/terapia , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Géis/uso terapêutico , Halitose/veterinária , Placa Dentária/terapia , Placa Dentária/veterinária , Toxicidade/análise , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterináriaRESUMO
A doença periodontal é a afecção de maior prevalência na clínica de cães e gatos sendo a resposta inflamatória ao acúmulo da placa bacteriana e não do cálculo dental como muitos supõem. O sinal clínico mais comum é a halitose. Após diagnosticada, o tratamento periodontal é indicado, com o intuito de devolver a saúde bucal ao paciente. A realização indiscriminada de limpeza de tártaro também conhecida por "tartarectomia", onde é realizada apenas a retirada do cálculo dentário supragengival exclui etapas importantes do estadiamento da doença e consequentemente do tratamento periodontal e confere a ilusória impressão de boca saudável. Através do presente relato de caso procurou-se evidenciar a diferença entre "tartarectomia" e tratamento periodontal que vai muito além do nome utilizado para o tratamento.(AU)
Periodontal disease is the most prevalent condition in the dog's and cat's clinic, being the inflammatory response to bacterial plaque accumulation and not to dental calculus as many suppose. The most common clinical symptom is halitosis. After diagnosis, periodontal treatment is indicated, with the intention to restore the patient's oral health. The realization of dental scaling also known as "tartarectomy" where only the removal of the supragingival dental calculus is performed excludes important stages of periodontal assessment and consequently of the treatment and gives the false impression of a healthy mouth. In the present case report, the authors tried to show the difterence between "tartarectomy" and periodontal treatment, that goes far beyond the terminology used for the treatment.(AU)
La enfermedad periodontal es la afección de mayor prevalencia en la clínica de perros y gatos siendo la respuesta inflamatoria a la acumulatión de la placa bacteriana y no del cálculo dental como muchos suponen. La señal clínica más común es la halitosis. Después de diagnosticada, el tratamiento periodontal es indicado, con el propósito de devolver la salud bucal al paciente. La realización indiscriminada de limpieza de tártaro conocida también por "tartarectomia", donde se realiza sólo la retirada del cálculo dental supragingival excluye etapas importantes de la estadificación de la enfermedad y consecuentemente del tratamiento periodontal y confiere la ilusoria impresión de boca sana. A través del presente relato de caso se buscó evidenciar la diferencia del tratamiento periodontal y "tartarectomía" que va mucho más aliá del nombre utilizado para el tratamiento.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Cálculos Dentários/terapia , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Radiografia Dentária Digital/veterinária , Medicina Veterinária/éticaRESUMO
A doença periodontal é a afecção de maior prevalência na clínica de cães e gatos sendo a resposta inflamatória ao acúmulo da placa bacteriana e não do cálculo dental como muitos supõem. O sinal clínico mais comum é a halitose. Após diagnosticada, o tratamento periodontal é indicado, com o intuito de devolver a saúde bucal ao paciente. A realização indiscriminada de limpeza de tártaro também conhecida por "tartarectomia", onde é realizada apenas a retirada do cálculo dentário supragengival exclui etapas importantes do estadiamento da doença e consequentemente do tratamento periodontal e confere a ilusória impressão de boca saudável. Através do presente relato de caso procurou-se evidenciar a diferença entre "tartarectomia" e tratamento periodontal que vai muito além do nome utilizado para o tratamento.
Periodontal disease is the most prevalent condition in the dog's and cat's clinic, being the inflammatory response to bacterial plaque accumulation and not to dental calculus as many suppose. The most common clinical symptom is halitosis. After diagnosis, periodontal treatment is indicated, with the intention to restore the patient's oral health. The realization of dental scaling also known as "tartarectomy" where only the removal of the supragingival dental calculus is performed excludes important stages of periodontal assessment and consequently of the treatment and gives the false impression of a healthy mouth. In the present case report, the authors tried to show the difterence between "tartarectomy" and periodontal treatment, that goes far beyond the terminology used for the treatment.
La enfermedad periodontal es la afección de mayor prevalencia en la clínica de perros y gatos siendo la respuesta inflamatoria a la acumulatión de la placa bacteriana y no del cálculo dental como muchos suponen. La señal clínica más común es la halitosis. Después de diagnosticada, el tratamiento periodontal es indicado, con el propósito de devolver la salud bucal al paciente. La realización indiscriminada de limpieza de tártaro conocida también por "tartarectomia", donde se realiza sólo la retirada del cálculo dental supragingival excluye etapas importantes de la estadificación de la enfermedad y consecuentemente del tratamiento periodontal y confiere la ilusoria impresión de boca sana. A través del presente relato de caso se buscó evidenciar la diferencia del tratamiento periodontal y "tartarectomía" que va mucho más aliá del nombre utilizado para el tratamiento.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cálculos Dentários/terapia , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Medicina Veterinária/ética , Radiografia Dentária Digital/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate dental disorders of brown howler monkeys maintained in captivity. The hypothesis is that the identification and diagnosis of the lesions may contribute to control and prevention. METHODS: Sixteen intact brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans), eight females and eight males, weighing from 3.9 to 6.8 kg, were studied. Under general anesthesia, the teeth were evaluated by visual inspection, probing, palpation, and intra-oral radiographic exam. The findings were registered on a dental chart specific for primates. RESULT: Of the 16 monkeys evaluated in the present study, 94% (n = 15) had some type of dental disorder. The lesions observed were dental calculus (88%), dental wear (81%), missing teeth (38%), gingivitis (19%), gingival recession (6%), dental fracture (19%), pulp exposure (19%), and dental staining (25%). CONCLUSIONS: Alouatta guariba clamitans maintained in captivity have a high rate of dental problems.
Assuntos
Alouatta , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico , Doenças Estomatognáticas/veterinária , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cálculos Dentários/diagnóstico , Cálculos Dentários/epidemiologia , Cálculos Dentários/veterinária , Exposição da Polpa Dentária/diagnóstico , Exposição da Polpa Dentária/epidemiologia , Exposição da Polpa Dentária/veterinária , Diagnóstico Bucal , Feminino , Retração Gengival/diagnóstico , Retração Gengival/epidemiologia , Retração Gengival/veterinária , Gengivite/diagnóstico , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Gengivite/veterinária , Masculino , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/prevenção & controle , Doenças Estomatognáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças Estomatognáticas/epidemiologia , Doenças Estomatognáticas/prevenção & controle , Descoloração de Dente/diagnóstico , Descoloração de Dente/epidemiologia , Descoloração de Dente/veterinária , Fraturas dos Dentes/diagnóstico , Fraturas dos Dentes/epidemiologia , Fraturas dos Dentes/veterinária , Perda de Dente/diagnóstico , Perda de Dente/epidemiologia , Perda de Dente/veterinária , Desgaste dos Dentes/diagnóstico , Desgaste dos Dentes/epidemiologia , Desgaste dos Dentes/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of raw bovine cortical bone (CB) (medullary bone cross-sectioned) and marrow or epiphyseal 'spongy' bone (SB) as chew items to reduce dental calculus in adult dogs. METHODS: Eight 3-year-old Beagle dogs were observed in two study periods. In the first study, the dogs each received a piece of bovine femur CB (122 ± 17 g) daily and in the second study, a piece of bovine femur SB (235 ± 27 g). The first study lasted 12 days and the second 20 days. Dental calculus was evaluated using image integration software. RESULTS: At the start of the studies, dental calculus covered 42.0% and 38.6% of the dental arcade areas, respectively. In study one, the chewing reduced the established dental calculus area to 27.1% (35.5% reduction) after 3 days and after 12 days the dental calculus covering was reduced to 12.3% (70.6% reduction). In study two, the dental calculus covered 16.8% (56.5% reduction) after 3 days, 7.1% (81.6% reduction) after 12 days and 4.7% (87.8% reduction) after 20 days. The CB remained largely intact after 24 h, but SB was reduced to smaller pieces and in some cases totally consumed after 24 h. No complications such as tooth fractures, pieces of bone stuck between teeth or intestinal obstructions were observed during the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Chewing raw bovine bones was an effective method of removing dental calculus in dogs. The SB bones removed dental calculus more efficiently in the short term.