RESUMO
Granulomas are inflammatory tissue responses directed to a set of antigens. Trapped Schistosoma mansoni eggs promote productive granulomas in the tissues, and they are the main damage caused by schistosomiasis. Some S. mansoni antigenic proteins may have a direct involvement in the resolution of the granulomatous response. The ATP diphosphohydrolases isoforms of this parasite are immunogenic, expressed in all phases of the parasite life cycle and secreted by eggs and adult worms. Potato apyrase is a vegetable protein that cross-reactive with parasite ATP diphosphohydrolases isoforms. In this study, the vegetable protein was purified, before being inoculated in C57BL/6 mice that were later infected with cercariae. Sixty days after infection, adult worms were recovered, antibodies and cytokines were measured, and morphological granuloma alterations evaluated. Immunization of the animals induced significant levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodies and IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 cytokines, but not IL-13, suggesting that potato apyrase is an immunoregulatory protein. Supporting this hypothesis, it was found that liver damage associated with schistosomiasis was mitigated, reducing the size of the areas affected by granuloma to 35% and increasing the presence of multinucleated giant cells in this environment. In conclusion, potato apyrase was found to be effective immunomodulatory antigen for murine schistosomiasis.
Assuntos
Apirase/química , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/veterinária , Solanum tuberosum/química , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquistossomose mansoni/parasitologia , Solanum tuberosum/enzimologiaRESUMO
Bioactive glass has been proved to have many applications in bioengineering due to its bone regenerative properties. In this work, an innovative, highly resorbable bioactive glass containing 90% SiO2 (BG90) to be used as a bone substitute was developed. The BG90 was synthetized by the sol-gel process with the dry step at room temperature. The biomaterial showed in vitro and in vivo bioactivities even with silica content up to 90%. Moreover, the BG90 presented high porosity and surface area due to its homogenously interconnected porous network. In vitro, it was observed to have high cell viability and marked osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived cells when in contact with BG90 ion extracts. The BG90 transplantation into rat tibia defects was analysed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 weeks post-operatively and compared with the defects of negative (no graft) and positive (autogenous bone graft) controls. After 4 weeks of grafting, the BG90 was totally resorbed and induced higher bone formation than did the positive control. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression at the grafting site peaked at 1 week and decreased similarly after 7 weeks for all groups. Only the BG90 group was still exhibiting BMP-2 expression in the last experimental time. Our data demonstrated that the BG90 could be an attractive candidate to provide useful approaches in hard-tissue bioengineering.
Assuntos
Cerâmica/farmacologia , Dióxido de Silício/farmacologia , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/metabolismo , Remodelação Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Durapatita/farmacologia , Células Gigantes/citologia , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Porosidade , Ratos Wistar , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Tíbia/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Lectin (ScLL) has been recently evaluated in the oral cavity due to its anti-inflammatory activities. ScLL could be a promising agent for blocking osteoclast activity and preventing root resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ScLL on the viability of the RAW 264.7 macrophage lineage, osteoclast-like maturation and the release of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The viability of RAW 264.7 cells was determined by MTT and Alamar Blue assays after ScLL treatment for 24 hours. ScLL effects on RANKL-induced osteoclast-like maturation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F-actin ring formation. The supernatant was collected to detect the release of TNF-α using ELISA and NO using a nitrite assay. RESULTS: ScLL suppressed osteoclast-like maturation by decreasing TRAP activity as well as F-actin ring formation. ScLL at 10 µg/mL showed the highest values of NO release compared with all other groups (P < .05). Lower levels of TNF-α were found for the negative control. CONCLUSIONS: ScLL at 5 µg/mL suppressed osteoclast-like maturation in vitro and had no cytotoxic effect on RAW cell cultures.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Lectinas/farmacologia , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Técnicas In Vitro , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adverse effects on the oral mucosa after the use of dermal fillers have been reported due to their increased use for facial aesthetics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate, clinically and histologically, the local and systemic effects of two concentrations of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dermal filler in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four female rats were allocated into three treatment groups (2% PMMA, 30% PMMA and 0.9% NaCl), according to the substance injected in the tongue, and three experimental periods: 7, 60 and 90 days. The rats were clinically evaluated and then euthanised, and their tongue and right kidney removed. The histological sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin and picrosirius. RESULTS: Clinically, significant differences were found between test groups as to the occurrence of nodules (Kruskal-Wallis; p < 0.001). Histologically, there was greater inflammatory response in the PMMA compared with control (Kruskal-Wallis; p < 0.001). 30% PMMA had greater collagen formation (anova mixed models; p < 0.01). No migration of the material towards kidney was found. CONCLUSION: Polymethylmethacrylate induced intense reaction in the initial period of observation (7 days), followed by gradual decrease during the study, favouring the presence of fibroplasia adjacent to the material.
Assuntos
Polimetil Metacrilato/administração & dosagem , Polimetil Metacrilato/farmacologia , Língua/efeitos dos fármacos , Língua/patologia , Animais , Vasos Sanguíneos/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasos Sanguíneos/patologia , Colágeno/biossíntese , Preenchedores Dérmicos/administração & dosagem , Preenchedores Dérmicos/farmacologia , Eutanásia Animal , Feminino , Migração de Corpo Estranho/induzido quimicamente , Migração de Corpo Estranho/patologia , Reação a Corpo Estranho/induzido quimicamente , Reação a Corpo Estranho/patologia , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Gigantes/patologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Injeções Intradérmicas , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the histological response of damaged osteochondral tissue in the femoral condyles of rabbits after repairing the wounds with sugar cane biopolymer gel - compared to the control group. METHODS: The study investigated 16 New Zealand rabbits, at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. In all the animals, a lesion of 3.2 mm in diameter and 4 mm deep was induced in each right and left femoral condyle. Each animal has provided both knees, divided into medial and lateral condyle, resulting in 64 samples. 32 knees were divided into two groups: Right knee, medial and lateral condyles, filled with biopolymer; Left knee, medial and lateral condyles, unfilled. The anatomical specimens were removed, and subjected to histological techniques and morphometric and statistical analysis. RESULTS: In all the periods of the group under study an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells and mononuclear cells was found, while in the control group there was early healing produced by fibroblasts and few mononuclear cells with statistical significance between groups. CONCLUSION: The biopolymer gel caused an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells and mononuclear cells while the control group there was cicatrization mediated by fibroblasts.
Assuntos
Biopolímeros/uso terapêutico , Cartilagem Articular/lesões , Fêmur/lesões , Saccharum/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Fêmur/patologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Géis/uso terapêutico , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the histological response of damaged osteochondral tissue in the femoral condyles of rabbits after repairing the wounds with sugar cane biopolymer gel - compared to the control group. METHODS: The study investigated 16 New Zealand rabbits, at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. In all the animals, a lesion of 3.2 mm in diameter and 4 mm deep was induced in each right and left femoral condyle. Each animal has provided both knees, divided into medial and lateral condyle, resulting in 64 samples. 32 knees were divided into two groups: Right knee, medial and lateral condyles, filled with biopolymer; Left knee, medial and lateral condyles, unfilled. The anatomical specimens were removed, and subjected to histological techniques and morphometric and statistical analysis. RESULTS: In all the periods of the group under study an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells and mononuclear cells was found, while in the control group there was early healing produced by fibroblasts and few mononuclear cells with statistical significance between groups. CONCLUSION: The biopolymer gel caused an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells and mononuclear cells while the control group there was cicatrization mediated by fibroblasts.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Biopolímeros/uso terapêutico , Cartilagem Articular/lesões , Fêmur/lesões , Saccharum/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Fêmur/patologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Géis/uso terapêutico , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the inflammatory reaction caused by the injection of a sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) into the vocal fold of rabbits with that caused by calcium hydroxyapatite (CaH). METHODS: CaH (Radiesse(r)) and SCB gel were injected respectively into the right and left vocal cords of thirty rabbits. The rabbits were distributed into two equal groups and sacrificed at three and twelve weeks after injection. We then evaluated the intensity of the inflammatory reaction, plus levels of neovascularization, fibrogenesis and inflammatory changes in the vocal mucosa. RESULTS: The vocal cords injected with CaH had a stronger inflammatory reaction by giant cells in both study periods. The SCB group had a more intense inflammatory involvement of polymorphonuclear cells three weeks after injection. SCB caused a higher level of neovascularization compared with CaH three weeks after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Whereas calcium hydroxyapatite triggers a more intense and lasting inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells, sugarcane biopolymer causes a greater response from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as well as higher levels of vneoascularization three weeks after injection.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/efeitos adversos , Biopolímeros/efeitos adversos , Durapatita/efeitos adversos , Laringite/induzido quimicamente , Saccharum/química , Prega Vocal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fibrose , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Gigantes/patologia , Injeções , Laringite/patologia , Masculino , Neovascularização Patológica , Coelhos , Distribuição Aleatória , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Prega Vocal/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed bone tissue reactions to MTA Fillapex (Ângelus Industria de Produtos Odontológicos Ltda, Londrina, Brazil) compared with an epoxy resin-based material in the femur of Wistar rats. METHODS: Bone tissue reactions were evaluated in 15 animals after 7, 30, and 90 days (n = 5 per period). Three surgical cavities were prepared on the femur and filled with 0.2 mL MTA Fillapex, AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), or no sealer (negative control). By the end of each experimental period, 5 animals were randomly euthanized. The samples were histologically processed and analyzed using a light microscope. The presence of inflammatory cells, fibers, and hard tissue barrier formation was evaluated. Differences among the groups and between the 3 experimental periods were evaluated by using 2-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (P ≤ .05). RESULTS: MTA Fillapex scored significantly higher for neutrophils at 7 days than at 90. At 7 days, the same occurred when comparing MTA Fillapex with AH Plus. The presence of lymphocytes/plasmocytes significantly decreased over time in all groups. Macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, and fiber condensation presented no differences among groups and periods. Within 90 days, all groups presented complete hard tissue barrier formation. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of mineral trioxide aggregate in MTA Fillapex composition did not improve the bone tissue repair. The presence of sealers provided the re-establishment of the original bone tissue structure and the inflammatory response decreased over time, so they can be considered biocompatible.
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Óxidos/farmacologia , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Silicatos/farmacologia , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Resinas Epóxi/química , Resinas Epóxi/farmacologia , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Gigantes/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/patologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/patologia , Teste de Materiais , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/patologia , Óxidos/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Silicatos/químicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) in subcutaneous tissue of rats. METHODS: Fifteen rats, weighing 300 g, were separated into 3 groups (n = 5) in accordance with the time of death (7, 21, 42 days). Two incisions were made in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of each rat in which were implanted 2 polyethylene tubes filled with the test materials, EndoBinder (EB) and Grey MTA (GMTA). The external tube walls were considered the negative control group (CG). After 7, 21, and 42 days, animals were killed, obtaining 5 samples per group, at each time interval of analysis. RESULTS: From the morphologic and morphometric analyses by using a score of (0-3) (50, 100, and 400×), results showed absence of inflammatory reaction (0) for EB after 42 days. However, for GMTA, a slight inflammatory reaction (1) was observed after 42 days, which means the persistence of a chronic inflammatory process. When compared with CG, tissue reaction ranging from discrete (1-7 days) to absent (0-42 days) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: EndoBinder presented satisfactory tissue reaction; it was biocompatible when tested in subcutaneous tissue of rats.
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Animais , Colágeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Conjuntivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Edema/patologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/patologia , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Gigantes/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Intubação/instrumentação , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/patologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Teste de Materiais , Microvasos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microvasos/patologia , Necrose , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/patologia , Óxidos/farmacologia , Fagócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagócitos/patologia , Plasmócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmócitos/patologia , Polietileno/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Silicatos/farmacologia , Tela Subcutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Tela Subcutânea/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Multinucleated giant cells (MGC) are cells present in characteristic granulomatous inflammation induced by intracellular infectious agents or foreign materials. The present study evaluated the modulatory effect of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in association with other cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-10 or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß1) on the formation of MGC from human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (PbAg). The generation of MGC was determined by fusion index (FI) and the fungicidal activity of these cells was evaluated after 4 h of MGC co-cultured with viable yeast cells of P. brasiliensis strain 18 (Pb18). The results showed that monocytes incubated with PbAg and GM-CSF plus IFN-γ had a significantly higher FI than in all the other cultures, while the addition of IL-10 or TGF-ß1 had a suppressive effect on MGC generation. Monocytes incubated with both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines had a higher induction of foreign body-type MGC rather than Langhans-type MGC. MGC stimulated with PbAg and GM-CSF in association with the other cytokines had increased fungicidal activity and the presence of GM-CSF also partially inhibited the suppressive effects of IL-10 and TGF-ß1. Together, these results suggest that GM-CSF is a positive modulator of PbAg-stimulated MGC generation and on the fungicidal activity against Pb18.