RESUMO
Sexual relation is a very important part of the marital relationship. Any problem in the marital relationship affects the family and society cohesion. This study aim to determine the effect of Group sexual assertiveness training on Sexual assertiveness of Female Students. This quasi-experimental pre and posttest study was conducted on 80 married female students of Sistan and Baluchestan University (southeast of Iran), from 1 July 2018 to 30 March 2019.Students were selected and randomly allocated in the two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received group sexual assertiveness training in the 4 two-hourly sessions over a period of two weeks. The control group did not receive any training. The data were collected before and 12 weeks after the intervention by Hurlbert's sexual assertiveness questionnaire, and then were analyzed. After the implementation of group sexual assertiveness training, the mean score of sexual assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.01). It is recommended to add sexual assertive training to the pre-marriage education, especially in cultures in which women have a low level of sexual assertiveness
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Assertividade , Educação Sexual , Distribuição Aleatória , Inquéritos e Questionários , Coito , Cônjuges/educação , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Education and cognition are closely associated, yet the role of spousal education is not well understood. We estimate the independent effects of own and spousal education on cognitive ability in late-life in Mexico, a developing country experiencing rapid aging. METHOD: We analyzed 4,017 married dyads (age 50+) from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Cognitive ability for married adults was a factor score from a single factor model. Using seemingly unrelated regression, we test whether spousal education influences older adults' cognitive ability, whether associations are explained by couple-level socioeconomic position, health and health behaviors, and social support, and whether associations differed by gender. RESULTS: Education and cognitive ability were correlated within couples. Higher spousal education was associated with better cognitive ability. Associations between spousal education and cognitive ability were independent of own education, did not differ by gender, and remained significant even after adjustment for couple-level socioeconomic position, health and health behaviors, and perceived social support. DISCUSSION: In addition to own education, spousal education was associated with better cognitive ability, even at relatively low levels of education. We discuss the possibility that spousal education may improve cognition via transmission of knowledge and mutually reinforcing cognitively stimulating environments.
Assuntos
Cognição , Escolaridade , Cônjuges/educação , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
La educación dirigida a parejas y matrimonios tiene un amplio desarrollo en el mundo y en varios países se encuentra incorporada como parte de las políticas públicas preventivas de la discordia, ruptura y establecimiento de relaciones de parejas saludables y comprometidas. Iniciativas que originalmente fueron promovidas por grupos religiosos, hoy constituyen una alternativa preventiva y de promoción de relaciones saludables, basada en los avances de las investigaciones psicológicas y evaluadas en forma rigurosa. El artículo tiene por objetivo: (a) dar a conocer la lógica que fundamenta las intervenciones preventivas (b) dar a conocer las iniciativas en educación para parejas y matrimonios en otros países (c) sistematizar los hallazgos acerca de su efectividad (d) argumentar las razones por las cuales sería provechoso incorporarlas en el país.
Education aimed at couples and marriage has a broad development in the world and in several countries has been incorporated into adult educational programs as part of preventive public policies of disharmony, rupture and relationship healthy couples. Initiatives that were originally promoted by religious groups today are a preventive alternative to promote healthy relationships, based on advances in psychological research and rigorously evaluated. The paper presents (a) to present the logic behind preventive interventions (b) make known the initiatives in education for couples and families in other countries (c) systematize the findings about their effectiveness (d) discuss the reasons which would be useful for incorporation into the country.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Casamento/psicologia , Terapia de Casal/métodos , Chile , Divórcio/prevenção & controle , Cônjuges/educação , Casamento , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
This paper examines the relationship between migration and marriage by describing how the distributions of marital statuses and assortative mating patterns vary by individual and community experiences of migration. In Mexico, migrants and those living in areas with high levels of out-migration are more likely to be in heterogamous unions. This is because migration increases the relative attractiveness of single return migrants while disproportionately reducing the number of marriageable men in local marriage markets. In the United States, the odds of homogamy are lower for migrants compared with nonmigrants; however, they do not vary depending on the volume of migration in communities. Migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to "marry up" educationally because the relatively small size of this group compels them to expand their pool of potential spouses to include nonmigrants, who tend to be better educated than they are. Among migrants, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group increase the most among the least educated. In Mexican communities with high rates of out-migration, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group are highest among those with the highest level of education. These findings suggest that migration disrupts preferences and opportunities for homogamy by changing social arrangements and normative climates.
Assuntos
Casamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Dinâmica Populacional , Cônjuges/educação , Migrantes/educação , Censos , Escolaridade , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Distribuição por Sexo , Cônjuges/estatística & dados numéricos , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This article examines the practice of marriage among whites, "mestizos," blacks, Cubans, and Spaniards during the first constitutional era, focusing upon the reported ages of brides and grooms. The study consists of a quantitative examination of trends found in the records of 900 Catholic marriages celebrated in Havana during the opening decades of independence. The first major finding of the research is that according to most major indicators of status, age was negatively correlated with rank. Thus, contrary to the conclusions of studies conducted in many other contexts, those in the highest strata of society married young. Furthermore, very significant differences were detected in the marital patterns of those identified as mixed-race and those labeled as black. This finding offers empirical weight to the notion that the early-mid twentieth-century Cuban racial structure would best be characterized as tripartite, rather than binary in nature.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Hierarquia Social , Casamento , Relações Raciais , Sistema de Registros , Identificação Social , Catolicismo/história , Catolicismo/psicologia , Cuba/etnologia , Características Culturais/história , Demografia/história , Etnicidade/educação , Etnicidade/etnologia , Etnicidade/história , Etnicidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Etnicidade/psicologia , Hierarquia Social/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Casamento/etnologia , Casamento/história , Casamento/legislação & jurisprudência , Casamento/psicologia , Grupos Populacionais/educação , Grupos Populacionais/etnologia , Grupos Populacionais/história , Grupos Populacionais/legislação & jurisprudência , Grupos Populacionais/psicologia , Relações Raciais/história , Relações Raciais/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Raciais/psicologia , Cônjuges/educação , Cônjuges/etnologia , Cônjuges/história , Cônjuges/legislação & jurisprudência , Cônjuges/psicologiaRESUMO
A growing number of less-developed countries have introduced conditional cash transfer programs in which funds are targeted to women. Economic models of the family suggest that these transfer programs may lead to marital turnover among program beneficiaries. Data from the experimental evaluation of the PROGRESA program in Mexico is used to provide new evidence on the short-run impacts of targeted transfers on couples' union dissolution and individuals' new union formation decisions. We find that, although the overall share of women in union does not change as a result of the program, marital turnover increases. Intact families eligible for the transfers experienced a modest (0.32 percentage points) increase in separation rates, with most of the effect concentrated among young and relatively educated women households. In contrast, young single women with low educational attainment levels experienced a substantial increase in new union formation rates. The marital transition patterns are consistent with the workhorse economic model of the marriage market-individuals with the greatest prospects to start new unions and those who may become more attractive in the marriage market are more likely to transition out of existing relationships and form new ones.
Assuntos
Divórcio , Características da Família , Casamento , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Divórcio/economia , Divórcio/etnologia , Divórcio/história , Divórcio/legislação & jurisprudência , Divórcio/psicologia , Educação/economia , Educação/história , Educação/legislação & jurisprudência , Características da Família/etnologia , Características da Família/história , Saúde da Família/etnologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Renda/história , Casamento/etnologia , Casamento/história , Casamento/legislação & jurisprudência , Casamento/psicologia , México/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos/história , Cônjuges/educação , Cônjuges/etnologia , Cônjuges/história , Cônjuges/legislação & jurisprudência , Cônjuges/psicologia , Saúde da Mulher/etnologia , Saúde da Mulher/história , Direitos da Mulher/economia , Direitos da Mulher/educação , Direitos da Mulher/história , Direitos da Mulher/legislação & jurisprudência , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/educação , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/história , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/legislação & jurisprudência , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/psicologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar características sócio-demográficas do parceiro da gestante adolescente e verificar como se estabeleceu o relacionamento do casal. Métodos: participaram deste estudo 309 gestantes com idade até 19 anos que consultaram no Ambulatório de Gestação na Adolescência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foi aplicado questionário abordando antecedentes ginecológicos, dados sobre o comportamento sexual da paciente, sobre seu primeiro parceiro e o atual, a forma como se estabeleceu o relacionamento que deu origem à gestação e a intencionalidade em gestar. Resultados: a idade média dos parceiros foi 20 anos, e 4 anos a diferença de idade entre a paciente e seu companheiro. Somente metade dos parceiros era adolescente. A maioria dos parceiros (55,7%) tinha escolaridade entre a 5ª e a 8ª séries do ensino primário; 25,2% permaneciam estudando e 71,2% trabalhavam. Dos casais, 25,2% conheceram-se na vizinhança. Houve relato de parceiros com Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs) em 2,9% e usuários de drogas ilícitas em 30,4 % do total de entrevistas. Das pacientes, 58,2% relataram mais de 1 ano de namoro com o parceiro atual, com 28,2% do total da amostra referindo mais de 2 anos até a ocorrência da gestação. Conclusões: de modo geral os parceiros são mais velhos que as gestantes adolescentes, já estão inseridos no mercado de trabalho e possuem baixa escolaridade. Observou-se um número expressivo de relações de longo prazo
Objectives: to examine the characteristics of the relationships that originate teenage pregnancy. Methods: 309 pregnant teenagers participated in this study (with ages up to 19 years old); they attended the Ambulatório de Gestação na Adolescência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. A questionnaire was used approaching data on gynecological history and sexual behavior, about her first and the current partner, the way the relationship was established and about intention on pregnancy. Results: the mean age of partners was 20 years and the age difference between the couple was 4 years. Only half of the partners were teenagers. Most partners (55.7%) had among the 5th and 8th grades of school; 25.2% were still in school and 71.2% were in the job market. Of the couples, 25.2% met for the first time in their own neighbourhood. There was information on partners with Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in 2.9% and illicit drug use in 30.4 % of all interviews. Of the patients, 58.2% mentioned more than 1 year of dating and 28.2% of the sample were together for more than 2 years until the pregnancy occurred. Conclusion: in a general manner, the partners were older than the pregnant teenagers, were already in the job market and had low schooling. Also an expressive number of long term relationships was observed