RESUMO
Although neighborhood contexts serve as upstream determinants of health, it remains unclear how these contexts "get under the skin" of Mexican-origin youth, who are disproportionately concentrated in highly disadvantaged yet co-ethnic neighborhoods. The current study examines the associations between household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood racial-ethnic and immigrant composition, and hair cortisol concentration (HCC)-a physiological index of chronic stress response-among Mexican-origin adolescents from low-income immigrant families in the United States. A total of 297 (54.20% female; mage = 17.61, SD = 0.93) Mexican-origin adolescents had their hair cortisol collected, and their residential addresses were geocoded and merged with the American Community Survey. Neighborhoods with higher Hispanic-origin and foreign-born residents were associated with higher neighborhood disadvantage, whereas neighborhoods with higher non-Hispanic White and domestic-born residents were associated with higher neighborhood affluence. Mexican-origin adolescents living in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Hispanic-origin residents showed lower levels of HCC, consistent with the role of the ethnic enclave. In contrast, adolescents living in more affluent neighborhoods showed higher levels of HCC, possibly reflecting a physiological toll. No association was found between household SES and HCC. Our findings underscore the importance of taking sociocultural contexts and person-environment fit into consideration when understanding how neighborhoods influence adolescents' stress physiology.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Cabelo , Hidrocortisona , Americanos Mexicanos , Pobreza , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Cabelo/química , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Pobreza/etnologia , Características de Residência , Características da Vizinhança , Classe Social , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/etnologiaRESUMO
The elemental status of cattle is one of the important factors, which determine its growth, fertility, fetal development, meat and dairy production, etc. Therefore, the study of content of different elements in cattle organs and tissues and its correlation with cattle characteristics and diet is urgent task. It is also important to develop intravital and low-invasive methods to analyze element content in cattle to regulate its diet during lifetime. In the present work, we have studied the content and distribution of manganese in Hereford cattle from an ecologically clean zone of Western Siberia (Russia). 252 samples were taken from 31 bulls aged 15-18 months. They were collected from various livestock farms in the region and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (organs and muscle tissue) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (hair). The median values of manganese concentration obtained in natural moisture for hair, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscles, spleen, testes, and brain were 25, 0.37, 1.0, 2.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.5 ppm. Accordingly, the concentration of manganese differs significantly in the organs and tissues of animals (H = 188.6, df = 8, p <0.0001). Statistically significant associations of manganese were revealed in pairs: liver-testis, hair-testis, spleen-testis, and heart-brain. The classification of organs and tissues of animals according to the level of content and variability of manganese is carried out. The concentration of manganese in the body is not uniform, most of all it is deposited in the hair and excretory organs of the liver and kidneys. In other organs and muscle tissues, the distribution of manganese is more even and is in the range of 0.2-0.5 ppm. The resulting ranges can be used as a guideline for Hereford cattle bred in Western Siberia.
Assuntos
Manganês , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Animais , Manganês/análise , Bovinos , Masculino , Sibéria , Cabelo/química , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of psychoactive substances (PSs) during pregnancy is a major public health concern because of their increasing prevalence worldwide. This study examined the understudied issue of gestational PS consumption in a cohort of Argentine delivering mothers. METHODS: A cross-sectional pilot study involving 51 women receiving delivery care was conducted at the Santa Rosa Hospital in La Pampa, Argentina. Information on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and drug use was obtained through standardized interviews. Maternal hair samples were analyzed for alcohol, tobacco, licit, illicit, and prescription substance biomarkers using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS: During pregnancy, 49.0% of participants reported alcohol consumption, 25.5% reported tobacco use, and 23.5% reported cannabis use. Hair samples from 56.9% of the women were positive for illicit PSs, with the most frequent being cocaine (41.2%) and cannabis (15.7%). Among the women, 47.1% consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Of the 24 women with hair ethyl glucuronide ≥5 pg/mg, 33.3% drank until the end of gestation and 58.3% started a social drinking habit in the second half. The analysis also detected prescription substances (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, methadone, opioids, antihistamines, antiemetics, and analgesics), caffeine (70.6%), lidocaine, and levamisole, some of which were cocaine or opioid adulterants. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to objectively assess the consumption of licit and illicit PSs during pregnancy in Argentina. In contrast to most nearby countries, cocaine was the most detected illicit PS in this cohort of Argentine delivering women. This finding highlights the importance of regular monitoring of local trends in PS use during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Cabelo , Psicotrópicos , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Argentina/epidemiologia , Projetos Piloto , Adulto , Cabelo/química , Psicotrópicos/análise , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Environmental influences before and during pregnancy significantly impact offspring development. This study investigates open research questions regarding the associations between maternal early life stress (ELS), prenatal psychosocial stress, prenatal hair cortisol (HC), and birth outcomes in Argentinian women. Data on ELS, prenatal life events, HC (two samples representing first and second half of pregnancy), and birth outcomes were collected from middle-class Argentinian women (N = 69) upon delivery. Linear mixed models indicated that HC increased from the first half to the second half of pregnancy with considerable variability in the starting values and slopes between individuals. Mothers who experienced more ELS, were taller, or more educated, tended to show lower increases in HC. Older age was positively related to HC increases. Our data did not suggest an interaction between ELS and prenatal life events in relation to HC. We found that the change in HC was most likely negatively associated with birth weight. Our data are most compatible with either a weak or the absence of an association between ELS or prenatal life events and absolute values of HC. Mothers with stronger increases in hair cortisol tended to have newborns with slightly lower birth weight. Hence, ELS and birthweight may either have been related to changes in cortisol exposure during pregnancy or to factors that influence accumulation or retention of cortisol in hair.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Cabelo , Hidrocortisona , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análise , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Adulto , Cabelo/química , Argentina , Peso ao Nascer/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido , Resultado da Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , MãesRESUMO
Bioactive substances can be found in wine lees, a waste from the winemaking industry. This work developed two formulations, a nanoemulsion with coconut oil (NE-OC) and a nanoemulsion with coconut oil and 0.5% of wine lees extract (NE-OC-Ext), to investigate their effect on untreated, bleached, and bleached-colored hair. The oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were prepared with coconut oil, TweenTM 80, SpanTM 80, AristoflexTM AVC, Conserve NovaMit MFTM, wine lees extract, and deionized water. The hydration measurements were carried out using a Corneometer® CM 825 with the capacitance method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the effect of formulations on hair fibers. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was to assess the thermal stability and compatibility of wine lees and coconut oil in formulations. Compared to NE-OC, NE-OC-Ext showed a greater hydration effect on bleached-colored hair. DTA showed that NE-OC-Ext presented a smaller number of exothermic degradation events than those of NE-OC, suggesting good interaction and compatibility of the wine lees extract in this formulation. This study highlights the value of wine lees, a residue from the winemaking process, and its possibility of use as raw material for the cosmetic hair industry since it shows a greater moisturizing potential in colored hair.
Assuntos
Óleo de Coco , Emulsões , Vinho , Vinho/análise , Óleo de Coco/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Cabelo/química , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Química Verde/métodosRESUMO
Introduction: Hair cortisol level has recently been identified as a promising marker for detecting long-term cortisol levels and a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis activity. However, research on the association between obesity and an altered cortisol metabolism remains controversial. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and overweight and obesity in participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,499 participants from the second follow-up (visit 3, 2017-2019) attending research centers in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul states. Hair samples were collected, and cortisol levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cortisol levels were classified as low (< 40 pg/mg), medium (40-128 pg/mg), or high (> 128 pg/mg). The participants were classified as eutrophic, overweight, or obese according to their weight (kg) and height (m2). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results: Of the 2499 individuals, 30% had eutrophic weight, 40% were overweight, and 30% were obese. Notably, cortisol levels gradually increased with increasing body weight. Among participants with high hair cortisol levels, 41.2% were classified as overweight and 34.2% as obese. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with high cortisol levels were 43% (OR =1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.03) more likely to be overweight and 72% (OR =1.72; 95%CI:1.20-2.47) more likely to be obese than participants with low hair cortisol levels. After adjustment for all covariates, high cortisol levels remained associated with obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI:1.02-2.31) and overweight (OR =1.33; 95%CI:0.91-1.94). Conclusion: In the ELSA-Brazil cohort, hair stress were positively associated with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of considering stress and cortisol as potential factors in obesity prevention and intervention efforts, and highlight a novel aspect of the complex relationship between stress and obesity in the Brazilian population.
Assuntos
Cabelo , Hidrocortisona , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análise , Cabelo/química , Cabelo/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Longitudinais , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Idoso , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
A estética em mulheres produz subjetividades, sentimentos e posicionamentos que levam a percepções. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a relação entre o uso do cabelo natural por mulheres negras e seu bem-estar subjetivo. Estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com 12 mulheres de uma associação de afroempreendedorismo. A partir de entrevistas analisadas pelo método de análise temática de conteúdo investigou-se como a opção pelo cabelo em sua estrutura natural esteve relacionada à identidade negra e ao bem-estar subjetivo. Como resultado observou-se um resgate da ancestralidade, um processo de libertação dos padrões estéticos e uma aceitação, corroborados por um autocuidado e autoestima que elevam o bem-estar subjetivo, repercutindo na qualidade de vida. A praticidade do uso natural do cabelo aparece como um elemento facilitador para o dia a dia das participantes
Aesthetics in women produces subjectivities, feelings and positions that lead to perceptions. The objective of the research was to investigate the relationship between the use of natural hair by black women and their subjective well-being. Exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, with 12 women from an Afro-entrepreneurship association. Based on interviews analyzed using the thematic content analysis method, it was investigated how the option for hair in its natural structure was related to black identity and subjective well-being. As a result, there was a recovery of ancestry, a process of liberation from aesthetic standards and acceptance, corroborated by self-care and self-esteem that increase subjective well-being, with repercussions onquality of life. The practicality of using naturalhair appears as an element that facilitates the daily lives of the participants
La estética en la mujer produce subjetividades, sentimientos y posiciones que conducen a percepciones. El objetivo de la investigación fue investigar la relación entre el uso del cabello natural por parte de las mujeres negras y su bienestar subjetivo. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, con 12 mujeres de una asociación de emprendimiento afro. A partir de entrevistas analizadas mediante el método de análisis de contenido temático, se investigó cómo la opción por el cabello en su estructura natural se relacionaba con la identidad negra y el bienestar subjetivo. Como resultado, hubo una recuperación de la ancestralidad, un proceso de liberación de los estándares estéticos y de aceptación, corroborado por el autocuidado y la autoestima que aumentan el bienestar subjetivo, con repercusiones en la calidad de vida. La practicidad de utilizar cabello natural aparece como elemento que facilita el día a día de los participantes (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cabelo/químicaRESUMO
Aim: To perform an exposure assessment of arsenic, manganese, mercury and lead levels in hair samples from children from poor neighborhoods. Materials & methods: A total of 38 Caucasian children were recruited with the consent of their parents or tutors. Determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results & conclusion: Results were 0.045-0.12 µg/g-1 (arsenic), 0.56-2.05 µg/g-1 (manganese) and 0.34-27.8 µg/g-1 (lead). Lead results did not correlate with those previously reported in blood from the same individuals, suggesting that hair is not useful for exposure assessment of this contaminant. Mercury was determined for the first time in Uruguayan children showing levels <0.083 µg/g-1. Results revealed low-to-moderate metal exposure, except for some high lead findings.
Assuntos
Arsênio , Poluentes Ambientais , Mercúrio , Criança , Humanos , Chumbo/análise , Arsênio/análise , Mercúrio/análise , Manganês/análise , Monitoramento Biológico , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Cabelo/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare workplace conditions and metal exposures in 431 waste pickers who worked nearby at the Estrutural Dump in Brasilia utilizing hair (n = 310) and nail (n = 355) as matrices of exposure. Waste pickers were grouped according to their workplace (open waste dump: G1 and sorting plants: G2). Hair and nail samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS. The work duration in the facilities was significantly different between the groups with averages of 16.46 (8.48) yrs and 9.26 (6.28) yrs for hair donors in G1 and G2, and 15.92 (7.72) yrs and 8.55 (5.77) yrs for toenail donors in G1 and G2, respectively. The arithmetic means (µg/g) of cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese in hair were significantly higher in G2 (0.076 ± 0.133; 19.61 ± 18.16; 2.27 ± .56 and 3.87 ± 5.59, respectively) compared to G1 (0.069 ± 0.235; 15.72 ± 15.18; 1.72 ± 4.04 and 3.65 ± 5.5, respectively). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, cobalt, lead, manganese, and molybdenum in nail were significantly higher in G2 (0.57 ± 0.39; 22.74 ± 42.06; 0.1 ± 0.08; 22.7 ± 51.60; 0.48 ± 0.45; 4.69 ± 9.43; 19.07 ± 20.75; 1.80 ± 1.76, respectively) compared to G1 (0.40 ± 0.28; 15.32 ± 22.31; 0.08 ± 0.11; 11.91 ± 16.25; 0.37 ± 0.37; 3.94 ± 15.04; 13.01 ± 19.08; 1.16 ± 1.80, respective. Our findings suggest that the studied population was exposed to toxic metals and indicates the need for chemical exposure prevention policies to monitor chemical risk exposures in waste pickers.
Assuntos
Cobre , Eliminação de Resíduos , Cádmio , Manganês , Unhas/química , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Reciclagem , Metais , Cabelo/químicaRESUMO
Total mercury ([THg]) and selenium ([TSe]) concentrations were determined in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) lanugo from the Gulf of California in 2021 and 2022. Relationships with sex, morphometrics, and year were evaluated. Following toxicological thresholds of concern for piscivorous mammals, most pups had a [THg] < 10 ppm, one pup (2021) had a [THg] > 20 ppm, no pups had a [THg] > 30 ppm. Females had significantly higher [TSe] than males; sex did not influence [THg]. [THg] and [TSe] in 2022 were significantly higher in the general population and male cohorts compared to 2021. Significant negative correlations were observed between [THg], [TSe], and morphometrics (2021). These results indicate that, compared to other pinniped species, regional California sea lions may have a decreased likelihood of experiencing Hg-related adverse health effects. Year-related changes in element concentrations suggest continued monitoring of this population to assess pinniped, environmental, and potentially, human health.